Environmental Racism Analysis

Environmental Racism Analysis
1. What is at least one thing you have learned in this class so far? How did you learn it?
I learned through class discussions and homework about environmental racism. I learned more deeply about environmental racism by reading the
article "What is Environmental Racism" by Devi K Lockwood thoroughly. I read the article as many times as I needed too and annotated notes. I re
read the article until I was fully able to grasp the concept of environmental racism and the negative impacts it has on communities of color.
2. What's at least one thing you are confused about in this class? How can you be proactive about figuring out this thing? One thing I am confused
about is how to make my writing stronger and clear to readers. I'm also confused
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Examples Of Environmental Racism
Environmental justice is the notion that communities should have nondiscriminatory treatment and involvement regardless of race and socioeconomic
status in land development, implementation, waste management and enforcement of environmental laws and policies. It is imperative for
environmental justice to exist so communities of color are not a part of inequitable housing, waste or toxin dumping, and are able to access information
and vote against environmentally racist actions. Environmental racism is the location of low–income or minority communities in vicinity of
environmentally harmful environments. In other words, the idea of environmental racism is the knowledge that non–whites are disproportionately
exposed to pollution. Studying environmental racism is essential not only to conclude if equalities exist, but to help better comprehend racism. For
Laura Pulido, environmental racism is larger than discriminatory acts, and believes there are new insights to the subject, predominantly its spatiality.
By limiting the definition of racism to only malicious acts, racial inequalities that are not ascribed directly to aggression cannot be recognized. ... Show
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Nancy Wride of the Los Angeles Times reports on the apparent environmental racism happening in Compton Creek, a creek located within Los
Angeles. Wride investigates that there has been illegal dumping of waste into the Compton Creek, which leads to the Los Angeles River, and
eventually the ocean. As a way to give California inmates a productive work detail, the Los Angeles sheriff's department used those charged with
misdemeanors the duty to clean the creek. While city agencies and the Army Corps agreed to pitch in for the clean–up, the question remained as to
why the sheriff's department was leading a clean–up when the creek was supposed to be federally regularly

Environmental Racism : Environmental Discrimination
Balogun Grace
Dr. McCray
Sociology 210 August 28, 2017
Environmental Racism
Environmental racism refers to the inappropriate exposure of low–income or minority individuals to heavy chemicals, pollution, toxic wastes,
pesticides, and, most importantly, clean air. According to Bullard, environmentalracism refers to racial discrimination in environmental policy making,
decision making, and/or any practice which results in equitable distribution of environmental burdens borne by society and based on race or color (qtd.
in Revalthi 199).
Environmental racism is considered a threat to human lives because it focuses on a particular or specific part of a racial group or color. An industry in
a rural area will undermine the health concerns of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As many as 12,000 children in Flint drank lead–contaminated water and are at especially high risk of brain damage (Goff 2). The effects of
environmental racism are health risk, poverty, and race.
Health risk plays a significant part in environmental racism. The results of environmental pollution and exposure to toxic chemicals contaminate the air
inhaled by residents, thereby leading to long–term illnesses such as cancer. Furthermore, an epidemic can continue from one generation to the next,
depending on exposure. Chemicals such as dioxin, released into the environment from the disposition of certain chemicals, have adverse effects which
are poisonous to human beings and which include cancer, hormonal disorders, and infections. One such toxin which is released from pollutants and
known to have a deleterious effect on an individual's health (and which is known to be the most toxic substance to mankind) is a carcinogen named
dioxin (qtd. in Revalti 199).
Asthma is another health effect which is interrelated with various environmental factors such as exhaust from cars and industries. Thirty–eight percent
of people of color (more than white people) are exposed to a level of nitrogen dioxide (Bryce and Covert 5). A community that suffers from the
negative effects of carcinogens is Mossville, Louisiana, where a certain group of low– income African–Americans have been fighting hard for a
healthier environment and to improve the state of health for

The low and middle class communities unlike the upper class have to deal with a lot more pollution. Not only this but the fact that pollution is located
primarily in black and brown communities. Sheila R. Foster one of the writers behind "From the Ground Up : Environmental Racism and the Rise of
the Environmental Justice Movement" has talked mainly about the impact of environmental hazards, particularly toxic waste dumps and polluting
factories, on black people and low and middle class communities. Like previously said pollution impacts how a community appears. It impacts the
people and their children. It impacts how the future would look for that community. Research has said that in the next few decade or so ghettos will
have to deal with

Environmental Racism In America
Environmental racism is an issue that has been taking place all over the United States for many years now. The environmental racism movement is
the economic correlation between economic status and environmental health issues. The media plays a huge roll in this issue because it is their job
to make sure that social issues get the correct exposure they deserve. The citizens should know the status of the area they are living in considering
that their tax dollars are going to upkeep the community. Hempstead, Texas is a prime example because the city is at risk of having a land fill put in
their back yard and the media has given the issue virtually no coverage. Coincidentally ten minutes down the road is Prairie View A&M University that
is... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition to that, Prairie View home to Prairie View A&M University which is a predominantlyAfrican American. (Hwy 6 landfill, 2014) Rainey
Ranch was the proposed cite for the land fill but once residents became aware they began to protest against it. Not only because of the fact that no
one wants to breathe in those awful smells but because the proposed cite is right over the Gulf Coast Aquifer Zone. Aquifers are underground and
they store ground water and can be used to transport it for irrigation purposes or just for general usage. Only one percent of Earths water is drinkable
and aquifers hold a lot of that percentage. There free from impurities and bacteria cannot grow in aquifers so they are an important part of civilization.
Many have begun to get the notion that the media decides who or what areas/ subjects are important enough to receive national attention. Bullard said,
"Embrace the principle that all people and communities are entitled to equal protection of the environmental and public health laws and regulations"
(Moore, Lanthorn, 2017. Pg. 1) In the 1980's a civil rights group protested against the government of North Carolina because they were going to throw
polychlorinated biphenyls in a landfill close to where they lived. (Moore, Lanthorn, 2017. Pg. 9) Heinz (2005) argues that in numerous amounts of
cases previous environmental issues do not get enough media coverage unless it threatens a predominantly white

Environmental Racism Research Paper
Environmental Racism is it an important thing that we in to know in life? Environmental Racism became a very difficult time our Environment. The
racism towards different colored people is very rare that other non–colored that they would do terrible things in their environment. In an article that I
have been reading in class is an article of the things people do to the colored environment. The environment racism is an activity that has been
spreading extremely. To start off with, environmental racism is being made towards all those who dislike the colored people. ( Page 2 & Paragraph 5 )
"Non–whites were pushed to unincorporated North Richmond and other neighborhood dominated by the refinery claimed companies highway rail
guards and parts."

Taking a Look at Environmental Racism
Did you know that 35 out of 57 waste sites in the eastern part of Los Angeles were located in zip codes with at least half the population consisting of
Latinos? (Pulido 21) This is a direct and apparent representation of environmental racism in our country. In particular, its existence could be closely
observed in the recent dispute of an urban farmland in South Central Los Angeles. Frankly, environmentalracism had little effect on the actual
dissolution of the South Central farm, as it was an issue of property rights. Instead, environmental racism played a significant role in the confrontation
process that led to the closure by excluding minority groups, especially Latinos, from decision processes and obstructing their effort to conserve the
farmland.
Twenty–five years ago, the city of Los Angeles obtained the South Central farmland under eminent domain with the intention of building a waste
incinerator. While this project failed to proceed, 400 community members were given the permission to farm the land. It provided a lot of support to the
community, which is inhabited mostly by low–income minorities. While aiding the farmers themselves, it also brought monetary and psychological
benefits to the neighborhood. Suing the city for not utilizing the land as a public good, Ralph Horowitz, the original owner, successfully recouped the
property in 2006, which threatened the existence of the garden. Farmers were forcefully moved out of the property and the South Central Farm

Racism And Environmental Racism
"Kids with itchy skin and watering eyes, beneath the weight of polluted skies. Of lead, zinc, cadmium, PCBs, and arsenic too. Makes clear skies hard
to view..."These harsh words, by poet Dr. Bunyan Bryant, articulate the urgency of toxic waste and its relationship with environmental justice. As
America moves forward in creating our carbon footprint and continued wasteful throwaway culture, it is more evident than ever that nature can, and
will be destructed while large corporations pocket huge financial gains (Bullard& Johnson, 2000). Meanwhile, Americans continue to create mass
amounts of waste, and technology continues to advance and become more efficient. However, the American lifestyle, efficiency, and advanced
technology don't come without price, a fee that is unfairly affecting minorities and the communities they live in, leaving them in some of the most
industrialized or broken–down environments (Maroko, Weiss Riley, Reed, & Malcolm, 2014). This idea, better known as environmental racism, was
first coined in the 1980's and is now responsible for levels of inequality between racial boundaries and devastating health disparities (Puido, 2000). As
America continues to grow, it is more evident than ever that individuals are being robbed of something as basic as the right to breathe clean air.
Problem Identification According to researcher, scholar, and professor at the University of Michigan, Dr. Bunyan Byrant defines environmental racism
as, "an extension of racism that

Environmental Racism In The United States
To further expand our comprehension of the topic, we will look at various articles and their stance on the issue of environmental racism. To begin, we
will have a look at an article written by Thomas Davies, "Clean and White: A History of Environmental racism in the United States" which argues the
importance of acknowledging climate change and pollution in the USA. He states that the USA is attempting to "sober up these practices" by
acknowledging that there is a huge issue at hand. Climate change is a global issue that requires for sidelined issues of environmental racism to be
acknowledged as well for the entire issue to be fixed as a whole. There are thousands of texts online that touch on this specific topic, and today, we
will have a look at a few more. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
which focuses on the question "how do cultures justify environmental exclusion of "others" from clean, healthy–living and working space, or from
other utilization of natural and economic resources?" This text discusses how those who do not adhere to religion, specifically Judaism and
Christianity are more likely to be a victim of environmental racism. Essentially, those who do not direct their beliefs to either religion will be subjected
to environmental racism as a punishment and denied of food, land, and are exposed to pollutants. She states that it is not the colour of your skin, but
what you put out into the world – and if you do not follow the rules given to you, then you will be punished by the

With the rapid development of the society, a large number of factories are built to meet the demand of the market. However, the problem of factory
emission and processing system has been perplexing the residents of Flint. Flint water crisis's crucial problem is based on environmental racism.
Meanwhile, Flint is in uneven development situation and need to rebuild the infrastructure system. Firstly, environmental racism is referring effect on
industrial pollution on lower income group and working community with color. Environmental racism brings social inequality to the minority people,
excludes them from the community and any exclusion is an act of racism (Pulido, 2010, p.538). Moreover, environmental racism can be most
detrimental to the specific group of people. The harmfulness of environmental racism exists in the relationship between community residents and
environment. In the case of water crisis in Flint, the serious situation is caused by industry pollution and government inaction. The emergency manager
aimed to save five million, changed the extracted water from Detroit system to Flint river (Ruth, 2017). Flint car brand general motor poured out the
industrial toxic rubbish into flint river. Furthermore, Flint river used half a century sematic system. It means the water sources from the Flint river is
not safe. Therefore, Government add the chlorine gas in Flint river to eliminate water bacteria. The new chemical byproduct THEM caused deadly
outbreak. The Flint government did not handle urban metabolism well. On the one hand, the vehicle company pour the rubbish to the river and damage
the natural environment. On the other hand, Lead poisoned water harm to people's health. Local residence drink poisoned water will feel bone pain,
muscle pain and fatigue. Moreover, children drink poisoned water will permanent damage intelligence and immune system (Ruth, 2017). Children
always get sick and cannot go to school normally. Since Local residence does not have clean water to drink, and severely affecting their normal life. On
the one hand, scale is the important tool to analyze the environmental racism. In 2000, Pulido demonstrates that Environmental racism should concern
the various scale in "the

Environmental Racism In The United States
Many minorities' communities and low income communities in the United States have an unequal distribution of toxic contamination, either by the
release of hazardous chemicals on their neighborhood or by allocating waste management facilities. This is an outcome that the landmark 1987 United
Church of Christ (UCC) report on toxic waste and race claimed was not the result of mere coincidence. Evidence of disproportionate economic impact
from environmental mismanagement, as well as through the regulatory response to air pollution, was already considered a decade earlier by
geographers and economists, though without the suggestion of discriminatory intent (e.g., Berry, et. al., 1977; and Harrison, 1975). Ultimately, the
conclusion was that race ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
SIDS spontaneously occurs to an infant where they stop breathing leading to death. After adjustment for demographic and other factors and for other
pollutants, it was found that 47% increase in (Cl) Chlorine for respiratory causes and 56% increase in (Cl) Chlorine towards the ozone and infantile
deaths. Research has shown that the neighborhood–level socioeconomic status that you are born into heavily influences the individual level exposure
to hazardous materials and air pollution. This study provides further support for Particle Matter (PM) air pollution as a risk factor for
respiratory–related post neonatal infant mortality and suggests that pollution chemicals such as carbon monoxide may play a role in SIDS. In general,
persons with lower socio–economic status (SES) had higher estimated exposures, based on indicators of education, unemployment, poverty, and

The Problem Of Environmental Racism
In this paper, we are going to provide a quick overview of what environmental justice is and when this phenomenon started to then analyze the dilemma
of environmental racism in minorities' neighborhoods. At the same time we will try to present some solutions to the matter as well as explain if we
believe that this kind of social–race problem could be addressed in a near future or it will be ignored and forgotten by the new generations. The
environmental justice movement is tightly related to the Civil Rights act created in 1964 and the work of Dr. Martin Luther King. Many believe that the
real origin of the movement was in Warren County, North Carolina when residents protested about a landfill placed in their county causing some
serious environmental pollution. After this event, communities around the country mainly low income, reported similar impacts in their neighborhood
and land, making everyone aware of a new wave of racial discrimination, reason enough to get the attention of human rights activists who promptly
took action and a new political agenda was created. The environmental movement main purpose is to seek change in the abuse of decisions made by
people in power to the disproportional exposure of color people and other racial minorities to polluted air, soil and water causing long term health
effects by allowing the construction of waste or nuclear facilities in the same segregated area were poor people are located. Based on the description
above many

Effects Of Environmental Racism
Environmental racism is an issue that impacts everyone. Broadly, environmental racism can be defined as the following: "Racial discrimination in
environmental policy making and the unequal enforcement of the environmental laws and regulations. It is the deliberate targeting of people–of–color
communities for toxic waste facilities and the official sanctioning of a life–threatening presence of poisons and pollutants in people–of–color
communities." (Newell, 2015) To put the idea of "environmentalracism" into perspective, I'm going explain it in reverse order. In other words, for
you to really see how environmental racism impacts society, you're going to have to look at the results first, and find out how we go here. I work for a
local Hydro company that incentivizes customers for using energy efficient products. These products can include energy efficient light bulbs or
fixtures, smart thermostats, programmable energy bars and many others. Most of the products in this market require a Wi–Fi signal to allow for them
to be used and programmed from anywhere. These products, now–a–days, require for you to own a mobile device, for example, a cell phone or a tablet,
that can connect to the internet and change the settings on the device itself. Now, isn't it ironic that the types of people, who are given rebates or
discounts on these devices are the people who can afford it? We rob those who cannot afford, or who are stripped of the luxury of various
environmental resources such as

This paper will discuss environmental justice and the ethical dilemma of environmental racism. The definition of environmental justice according to the
Environmental Protection Agency (n.d.) "is the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, ethnicity, income, national
origin, or educational level in the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policy".
Environment justice main concern is the equitable distribution of environment burdens, which comprise of health hazards and indirect inequities that
include limited access to healthy food (Hilmera, Hilmera, & Dave, 2012).
According to Bullard (n.d.) the environmental justice movement has come a long way since 1982 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These include redefinition of environmental protection, design a holistic approach to environmental protection, strengthen legislation and regulation.
(Bullard, n.d.). According to Bullard (n.d.) redefinition of environmental protection mean that environmentalism is a basis right and pollution prevention,
waste minimization, and cleaner productions techniques to achieve environmental justice for all American without regard to race, color, national origin
or income. Designing a holistic approach to environmental prevention consist of eliminating unequal enforcement of environmental, civil rights, and
public health laws. Many of the inequalities could be eliminated if the existing environmental, health, housing and civil rights laws were enforced in a
non–discriminatory manner (Bullard, n.d),
Bullard (n.d.) explained that strengthen legislation and regulations may be needed were environmental, health and worker safety laws and regulations
are weak and inconsistent. Legislation and regulations are only good if they are enforced. It should be noted that political power arrangements have
permitted the poison of reach to be solution to short term economic remedies for

The issue I will be discussing is environmental racism. Environmental racism is the concept of allowing or even forcing dark–skinned minorities to
take on the burden of pollution or other environmental issues. An example of this would be a factory located in a poor area dumping chemicals and
other pollutants into the water supply of the town. In this example, the factory is allowed to harm the environment and create a hazardous environment
for the people who depend on the water supply in which the factory dumps the waste. In developed countries such as the United States, we do things like
burn fossil fuels and other practices deemed unhealthy for the environment, while it is typically underdeveloped, third–world countries filled with
people who aren't white that feel the biggest impact of these actions. Additionally, it is the rich minority of people making these issues by harming the
environment, and those who are impacted by it are the poor majority of the rest of the world. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is morally wrong for the majority of the world population to suffer based off the decisions and actions of a privileged minority. The countries that
are creating so much pollution should not only take actions to reduce emissions, but also to help repair all the damage they have caused to other, less
fortunate countries worldwide.
Not only is it morally wrong to cause so much suffering for such selfish actions, but also it is morally wrong to treat the planet in such a disrespectful
way. Earth is the only planet we have, and it can be argued that burning fossil fuels and doing other environmentally bad practices (at the expense of
others, nonetheless) is selfish, as it deteriorates the planet over time and ruins it for those in less developed countries as well as the future inhabitants of
the planet in the

Environmental Racism Effects
First of all, environmental racism is hazardous to health. For example, according to the California department of public health statistics "residents of
the county to go to the hospital emergency department for asthma attacks "(Kay and Katz, 2012). This delineates the impact the oil refinery was having
on individuals are not forced to live In the vicinity of its toxic air emissions. When individuals are not force to live in environments engulfed in
pollutants, subsequently their health tend to be much better with a longer life expectancy. To further illustrate the point, individuals who live near
refineries are exposed to "Benzene, mercury, and other hazardous pollutants that have been linked to cancer, reproductive problems, and neurological...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Income or race shouldn't impact your living conditions. Environmental racism is detrimental to health and the climate is just adding to the problem
with birth effect which makes it impossible to look for a better future. Companies should be able to work in nonresidential areas with all this
pollution it creates it effects lives and the planet are at risk causing global warming and other natural disaster such as floods, hurricanes, and etc. Also
human lives are in the cross fire as this is going on human safety should be and will the top priority in any situation this all plays a major role in
environmental racism color and ethnics shouldn't matter we all are created as equals and should be treated as

Essay on Environmental Racism
When one discusses acts of racism, slander or the stereotyping of a group of people may come to mind. However, the concept of environmental racism
is rarely considered. This form of racism positions dominant environmental framing as racially driven, in which people of color (i.e. minorities) are
affected disproportionately by poor environmental practices. Communities of color throughout the United States have become the dumping grounds for
our nation's waste disposal, as well as home to agricultural and/or manufacturing industries that pollute the land. Government regulations and cultural
practices have all contributed to environmental racism. The government's policies have also negatively impacted low income groups as well as people of
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Historically, "ideas of Black inferiority and White superiority have been embedded in multiple aspects of American culture, and many images and ideas
in contemporary popular culture continue to devalue, marginalize, and subordinate non–White racial populations". Racism has influenced decades of
land use, housing patterns, and infrastructure development. With the creation of housing subdivisions, the white and wealthy moved to modern
communities, while the non–white and poor were left to live in areas that were rundown. Today, we see that in some cases, zoning laws have fueled
environmental, as well as residential, racism. In certain communities around the nation, "expulsive" zoning has pushed out residents, and allowed
industries to move into communities, and pollute the land, air, and water. These zoning laws define land for residential, commercial, or industrial uses,
and impose narrower land–use restrictions. In this case certain individuals are forced to leave their community, and give any property they have up to
these "dirty" industries. Without more stringent enforcement mechanisms and penalties in place, this nation will continue to see this type of
discrimination and environmental racism.
Certain environmental justice frameworks attempt to turn the dominant environmental paradigm on its head and seek to prevent environmental threats
before they occur. This paradigm is known as the Precautionary

Case Study Of Environmental Racism
Using my borough the Bronx as a case study, my plan is to research environmental racism in South Bronx neighborhoods.
I plan to use public health information on environmental racism issues. This will involve reviewing the health status of South Bronx neighborhoods
and the specific contributing environmental factors. Public health organizations like the NYC Department of Health and environmental groups have a
great deal of knowledge and experience in assessing the health status of various neighborhoods. In 2015, the Department of Health published the
Community Health Profiles. This inclusive report features environmental, health, economic, housing, and air quality information about New York City
neighborhoods. The indicators in the report reveal conditions that impact health.
Reports and case studies from grassroots organizations such as the New York City Environmental Justice Alliance (NYC
–EJA) and others have
conducted research on this subject. Their comprehensive reports contain information about negative health outcomes. EJA's mission is to fight for
health equity for all. Their campaign "Solid Waste & Transfer Stations"... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bullard who is often called the Father of Environmental Justice. He is an environmental justice advocate and scholar who has written many books and
articles on the subject of environmental racism, urban land use and regional equity. In his article, "Environmental Justice and Communities of Color",
Bullard takes a socio–political standpoint on the environmental racism issue. He writes that poverty stricken communities are subject to environmental
racism through the placement of their communities near facilities and industrial factories that produce hazardous or toxic waste that contaminates their
air quality and the water supply. This article also focuses on environmental policies, laws and regulations, which are not favorable to all

Environmental Racism Essay
High profile cases such as the Flint water crisis has brought environmental inequality and environmental racism into the limelight. As such, it is
becoming a prominent social justice issue and a political talking point. However, there is much to suggest that environmental inequality is the result of
economic factors. This paper therefore focuses on developing an understanding of environmental inequality from an economic perspective.
For this, a broad overview of environmental racism and environmental inequality will be discussed, including a brief description of the problem from a
sociological perspective. This will be followed by uncovering an economic causes of the problem, which is substantial and critical. After this, the
market failures that are connected to the problem of environmental issues and environmental inequality will be considered. This will be followed by
recommended economic solutions with a brief outline of potential obstacles to implementation.
Overview of Environmental Inequality and Environmental Racism Environmental inequality from a social justice perspective is based on the notion
that there is discrimination in the policies that allow for establishing the sites and permits for industrial waste, which results in minorities and those
living in poverty suffering from a greater share of the effects of pollution. This leads to environmental racism which is the underlying fact that racial
and ethnic groups that are underprivileged, are

Argumentative Essay On Environmental Racism
Environmental racism shouldn't be happening. We humans were just color, different race; white should blacks and Latino differently. In 1952, no
African had lived in any of Richmond's permanent low–rent housing. If any African lives where the white are staying at, they would become slaves of
the whites. Environmental racism is everywhere, every black and Latino tastes the problem of racism. The environment, people lives in impacts them
every day. Many people are affected by pollution because of racism. Some blacks and Hispanics are suffering from racism, like the whites not letting
stay in the same place as them. They make the blacks become slaves or the whites make them stay in small places that have a lot of pollution like
Richmond. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to the article "what is environmental racism?" page 2, paragraph 2 it state "during world war 2, blacks again arrived from southern state
seeking jobs in ship–built under government contract." This statement explain that before world war 2 there was blacks and they have to look for job
and their job was to plant garden because in the statement it state they was seeking for jobs in ship–building plants built under government contract, it
like they had a contract with the government. Also, long ago everyone thought racism will end. Based on the article "what is environmental
racism?" and the speech martin Luther king had given state "for 100 years." Which means things will change for racism; there might not be a lot of
racism/ environmental racism in the world. In 100 years from now environmental racism and racism will be over. However environmental racism and
racism is not over yet but it not as much worst as it was 100 years ago. This whole environmental racism and racism is happening because some white
people don't except people that are different from themselves. I state that some white people don't except others that are different from themselves
because based on the article " what is environmental racism?" page 1 paragraph 4 it state " government needs what no one wants, maybe a landfill or
inclinator, somehow, it ends up in a poor, minority neighborhood." This means the governments are putting all the bad

Personal Experience: Environmental Justice and...
Before this semester started, I had no idea what environmental justice was. I have come a long way since then and I have learned a lot. I have
learned a lot more than I will be able to talk about in this essay. For this reason I have narrowed it down to three important topics that I find
interesting and I feel I have learned the most about. Three things I have learned and will take with me after this course are Environmental racism,
mountaintop removal, and ecological imperialism. One thing I have learned and I will take with me after this class is environmental racism.
Environmental racism is to put a minority group or any group at a disadvantage, to treat them less that or as if they are not equal to you. These
people are not given the same standards as people in different neighborhoods. These people are forced to put up with having to live in conditions
that are not as safe or hazard free but they have no choice because they don't have as much power as the people putting those hazards there.
Environmental racism is something that we should all be aware of and something that we should all strive to end. Environmental racism is one thing
that I have learned a lot about and I will definitely take with me after class. Another thing that I have learned and I will take with me after class is
mountaintop removal. Mountaintop removal is when the top of a mountain is blown up and removed in order to acquire the coal. This is a very
wasteful way of mining. They waste the trees

Essay On Environmental Racism
The environment people live in impacts them everyday. just like low income, minority, blacks, hispanics, latinos, asians, phillipons, latin americans,
factory owners, people with money. Stated from the passages " Rosenthall of the NAACP suggests keeping waste facilities out of areas already
overburdened with waste or potential toxic exposure". This proves that environmental racism is everywhere and you won't even know it.
To begin with this problem is that factory owners are placing their chemical waste in low income area where kids be playing outside and where
babies are born. The article found that " Three of the largest site were located in primarily black zip codes, and these three "accounted for about 40
percent of the total estimated hazardous waste landfills capacity in the united states" These kids are being forced to be around these chemical wastes
and smoke and can't do anything about it. The factory owners can make money off these low income area and people can't do anything about it. Most
of these factories do help the community out with benefits and many more, but the others are there just for the money ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
An example from the article said " We could eliminate all of it we were serious," McCown says "No children ought to be exposed to these kinds of
toxins."With all these factories we are trying to the pollutions before it cause an extreme global warming around the world, but many other factories
owners are trying help us with these problem cause most of them don't even harm the community they benefits the community in a good way not in a
bad way. See the environment people live in does impact them everyday. One last thing environmental racism is everywhere and you won't even know
it. This is of reasons why most of the owner are fighting to help the world to stop global

Speech On Environmental Racism
Today we're faced with multiple forms of inequalities and injustices. None of them are in no way, shape or form are okay or justifiable. While we as
a people are striving to deal with the obvious forms of injustices, there is another form that is a real quiet one, but it can be heard throughout the
world that we are living in and is a severe problem that needs to be addressed. The type of injustice that I'm speaking on is called: Environmental
Racism. This has been a definite issue that not only affects the environment, but it also has effects on communities, individuals and it effects the
economic system in the long run as well. Environmental Racism needs to be brought up in conversations within our communities as well as our local
governments, so they will not forget their remains a problem.
Environmental Racism can be described as, the intentional or unintentional placement of hazardous waste sites, landfills, or industries that are polluting
communities mainly those inhabited by African–Americans, Hispanics, Native Americans, Pacific Islanders and Asians, as well as the working poor. In
the broadest sense, Environmental Racism, is a process where environmental decisions, actions, and policies results in racial discrimination.
Environmental racism is important to know about because it effects almost every low–income or impoverished area across the world. Some notable
areas that are dealing with environmental racism are: Flint Michigan–where thousands of residents have

The environment is effecting people around the world. some people have to live with a bad health and other people can live healthy. Environmental
racism us something that people have to deal with things everyday. some people have problems with the environment because they don't care and leave
it dirty. but in the other hand other people are caring there environment and cleaning up there properties. in the U.S minorities have been placed in
separate areas for a long time, as noticed in the article. people separate resident limits or districts for white and negro resident. the government doesn't
care about the minority community and fatalities that no one wants never ever appears in white neighbors. even Clinton a highly important man finds

Environmental Justice and Toxic Racism
Environmental Justice and Toxic Racism
Encouraged by diverse foundations from across the globe, The Environmental Justice movement has become one of the most important topics in the
media. Europeans have used Marxist philosophy on class laddering, while non–Western countries required its encouragement in the criticism of
colonialism. In the United States, The Civil Rights Movement was its forerunner. The notion of "Environmental Justice", nevertheless, has its genesis in
the resistance of black culture and lower income–communities in opposition to uneven ecological trouble in the United States during the last few years
of the 1970s and the early 1980s. In the framework of racial improvement and public activism, the phrase was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
One of the first influences on the deliberation on Environmental Justice was The Civil Rights Movement in the United States of America. Leaders like
Martin Luther King, Jr. fought hard to ensure that social transformation and power be established for African Americans, especially those in the
southern states as well as those in the northern inner–city parts. Activists like King altered the philosophy on Environmental Justice arguing that there
was a lopsided effect that proved that environmental hazards were not accidental. What environmentalists advocated instead was that environmental
dangers resulted from racial segregation that placed power plants, nuclear plants, and other potential ecological hazards in areas with a high
concentration of minority and low income groups. Several activists defined this as "environmental racism." The earliest reference to "environmental
racism" originated in Warren County, North Carolina, in 1982. A mainlyAfrican American neighborhood rallied to protest the construction of a noxious
waste landfill. The community was well–backed with the support of the United Church of Christ. The remonstration resulted in well over five hundred
arrests for civil disobedience. Its impact caused other explorations in southern communities across of the United States of America. In 1987, The
Commission for Racial Justice of the

Definition Of Environmental Racism
The term "environmental racism" is not one that many people are familiar with, and it is difficult to infer its meaning only thinking about the term
itself. "Environment" and "racism" are relatively simple to define separately, but when they are put together as one term, they develop a complex
meaning and encompass a wide range of histories and elements. So what is environmental racism, and how does it affect the different populations of
American society? In this paper I will argue that the non–white communities affected by environmental racism have been molded by historical vestiges
of institutions created to subjugate them, that environmental racism has severely detrimental effects on non–white communities in particular, and
finally that environmental racism often greatly benefits certain groups in society as it simultaneously impairs others. The definition of "environmental
racism" is laid out in Matthew Desmond and Mustafa Emirbayer's "Race in America" as, "any environmental policy, practice, or directive, that
disproportionately disadvantages (intentionally or unintentionally) nonwhite communities" (Desmond and Emirbayer 196). These communities are
often in close proximity to environmental hazards, are targets for waste dumps, and are at higher risk for harmful air and water pollution (196).
Environmental racism has been formed over the decades, through the processes of redlining, blockbusting, and other housing discrimination practices,
in efforts to keep people of

Robert Bullard: Environmental Racism And Environmental...
Environmental Racism and Environmental Justice
By:
Sarah Hatfield
S104293
University of the People
December 21st 2014
Term 2 2014
Robert Bullard defines environmental racism as "any policy, practice, or directive that differentially affects or disadvantages individuals, groups, or
communities based on race or color" (Bullard 98). Racism basically creates differences in environmental quality in white and black communities.
Governmental policies and industry practices often provide benefits to the white communities while shifting environmental costs onto people of color.
The quality of various ethnic and racial groups' life and health is often linked to the person's socio–economic status, and that is a factor that directly ...
The ethical implications of businesses polluting in a poorer area would be they are careless about the environment, the people, and the future of that
country. Development is the process of continuously learning and improving to achieve a greater goal. Therefore, when a manufacturer is making
economic progress, the development would be coming up with a better way to handle the manufacturing wastes. A responsible business can be making
economic progress and handling pollution at the same time and still be making money. It does not have to be one or the

The environment people live in can be a racism that happens everywhere.The government affect the black people instead of the white.Environment
racism is something that all people are not treated fairly everyday. There are bunch of people that been affected by this.For example"Bills moving
through the florida house and senate calle four–statewide statewide study of issue by a newly created commission of environmental equity and
justice".It shows that the capital of Tallahassee is involved in this situation aka the pollution that runs the state of florida.Another example is "separate
residential limits or districts for white and neyro residents".Tells us that u.s minorities have been placed in separate areas for a long time,as noted in the
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This problems happen everywhere around the world."In polk county's mulberry the state installed its first hazardous waste injection well in a mostly
black area".This example is telling us they had a of poison that's killing the african american.The next example is "But almost в…“ of the minority
population to southern california was located in the areas with the highest cancer risk,whereas 15% of the white population lived in such areas".This
telling us the risks that happen due to toxic air pollutants.For instance,"school,parks and a swimming pool within a mile of the refinery".It's explaining
to us that racism happens everywhere and even if it's not suppose to happen in this places but it does. In conclusion,This is something that all people
are not treated with fairly everyday.The government affect the black people instead of the white also they do the same to hispanic even if they don't
deserve

Environmental Racism In Convent
(Bullard & Smith, 2005, p.73). She joined a group of protestors because she wanted to make a change for her community that is suffering from
industrial facilities. West strongly believed raising awareness of environmental racism in Convent is a crucial step to their survival. In order to put an
end to this, residents from Convent including Emelda West formed an organization called St. James Citizens for Jobs and the Environment in
September 1996. The purpose of this organization is to voice their opposition on building a PVC plant in their community. While the St. James Citizens
for Jobs and the Environment argued the placement of hazardous facilities threatens their lives, others believed it is a great opportunity for residents to
be employed.

Environmental Racism is the institutional framework established by white people that was made to influence and destroy Black lives through the
segregation of people of color into poor communities pervaded by toxic waste sites. Once environmental racism is recognized as a subgroup of
structural racism, the intent of placing people of color into poor, marginalized, and environmentally hazardous communities becomes clear. An example
of this is the use and establishment of various toxic waste sites surrounding predominantly black neighborhoods, which lead to various social and
physical health issues. More specifically Chicago's own Altgeld Gardens is a great context to view these paradigms at work, once the various aspects
leading up to the creation... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of these aspects that results in the exclusion of people of color in the environmental movement is the lack of Black thought in environmental
discourse. As a social construct, the terms nature and environment is able to take on definitions that can be changed and applied in a way that can
apply to anyone who is in charge. Which is why, in part, the omission of Black bodies from discourse in environmental justice is sad, but not shocking.
The exclusion of Black thought from environmental discourse is caused by the intentional exclusion of Black bodies by white environmentalist groups
that do not define the "environment" in a way that is inclusive to Black people . One way they do this is by viewing the environment as something that
is tangible or relating to non–human things such as air pollution, or saving trees and other things similar to that nature. Considering that these issues,
while important, do not pervade Black life to the extent that living in clean houses, raising children, and ensuring safety for their family in toxic
environments, the blanket definition of white environmentalism does not, and cannot, apply here . Yet, white environmentalists want to include Black
people (predominantly women because of what they bring to the table ) in their movement, but they refuse to acknowledge the terms of Black
environmentalism as an environmental movement. One reason that they refute these ideas could stem directly from the disproportionate
socioeconomic status between Blacks and whites. This is evidenced in that many environmental activists are predominantly white upper class with
above average income, while Blacks not only make considerably less money, but also live in housing shaped largely by federal housing politics,
institutional and individual discrimination .

Environmental Racism Research Papers
Title & Introduction
Research Question: Why are poor minority neighborhoods disproportionately targeted for the placement of noxious toxic facilities?
Environmental racism is the targeting of minorities and low–income communities to bear a disproportionate share of environmental costs. It refers to
any policy or practice that differently affects or disadvantages individuals, groups or communities based on race or color (Hurley 2016). Each year,
America produces 275 million metric tons of hazardous waste. Environmental regulations only regulate 40 million tons of the waste leaving the rest to
be sent to landfill and waste sites (Hines 2007). One of the largest dumping grounds is located in Emelle, Sumter County, Alabama. Sumter County...
This makes me qualified to do this research paper. Additionally, I am able to contact experts on the issue who can offer their opinion and
knowledge on the issue. The sources used in this paper will be from Academic Search Premier. Academic Search Premier has a plethora of
resources I can use for my empirical paper. The sources (articles) I will use will be peer reviewed and they will from the year 2007 and onward. I
will try to steer clear of articles that are older than this because the data may not reflect the current situation. Therefore, the data will be more recent.
The first source I will be using is a peer review article by Hines. The article talks specifically about the statics in Emelle Alabama and the detrimental
effects of hazardous waste dumping in the county. The second article will be by Hurley who looks at the environmental racism history of America and
how that affects minorities now. The third article is by Mcdoll who gives the background on how minorities are mistreated and treated unfairly when it
comes to choosing where noxious waste facilities

The Environmental Racism
The environment people live in impacts them everyday. A lot of people around the world is being affected by the environment where they are
living. The environmental racism is one of the biggest problems in the Earth that should be solved because this problem is killing and getting sick
people daily. There are many reports about how this is increasing and impacting poor and black people, poor countries, and poor places. Politicians
are always promising to try to reduce the quantity of landfills, incinerators, and air pollution but they never do it, it continue growing uncontrollably.
After reading and analyze all the four articles we can cite a lot of evidence to support our claim. What I want to talk about is for people to know

Causes Of Racialized Neighborhoods And Environmental Racism
Racialized neighborhoods and environmental racism In the beginning of the twentieth century, nonwhites and whites lived together. However as the
century extended, there was evident segregation due to various reasons. Urbanization led to the attraction of many people into the burgs. There was
separation of ethnic groups in various parts of these cities; families in the slums and those in the posh sections. As these groups increased in number,
ethnic rivalries erupted. With time, there were successful European families that were eventually able to migrate from the slums into the white
American suburbs. This led to increased ethnic divisions in the vicinities and cities became more racially distant. In some cities that were mostly
dominated by blacks, there was increased urban unrest and the whites kept a safe distance from the blacks (Desmond and Emirbayer, 172) and
racialized neighborhoods became more salient. In the mid–40s there was a rampant problem of house shortage. Loans and mortgages were denied to
the blacks despite their financial standing through the redlining practice and covenants that restricted the blacks from buying land were made
(Desmond and Emirbayer, 173). Segregation led to various uprisings such as riots that left many people dead, injured and displaced when a black
teenage girl was attacked and left to drown by whites in the summer 1919. The assassination of martin Luther king Junior in 1968 also led to rebellions
that saw a legislation that

A Brief Note On Environmental Racism Of Los Angeles
Mihaela D. Vincze 07/15/15 Davidson Geog 350 Environmental Racism in Los Angeles Racism consists of philosophies and ideologies that aim to
cause the unequal distribution of privileges, goods or rights amongst different racial groups. Our society's forebearers planted the seeds of
discrimination into our consciousness, as racism stems back into the middle ages. Many of our citizens are classified as second class, being
disadvantaged in areas that other citizens are not. There is not a sense of urgency when discussing the continuing issue of racism, as many people
believe it has been eradicated. However, racism can exist in many forms– some being less obvious than others. In particular, Los Angeles has had a
long history of racial... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Warren County became a token of a new philosophy called environmental racism as people of low socioeconomic status and people of color were
victims to ecological risks (Mohai 2009). This superiority complex is a continuing issue and is ingrained in the way people treat each other today.
Racism stems back into the middle ages. During the Renaissance period, Europeans were coming into contact with people of darker pigmentation in
Asia, the Americas and Africa. These Europeans were making judgments about these darker people since they weren't used to such appearances.
Ultimately, they justified their rationale for enslaving Africans due to their disbelief of god. They were thought of as heathens, and this offended them.
Slave owners and slave traders sometimes interpreted a passage in the book of Genesis as their justification. Even during the Enlightenment period that
paved the way for great scientific innovations had many defenders of racism. They believed that races constituted different species– some being
superior to others, (Fredrickson 2003) The Environmental Protection Agency defined environmental justice as the fair treatment and meaningful
involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of
environmental laws, regulations, and policies. People shouldn't be grouped in communities based off

Environmental Racism In America
Environmental racism is a type of discrimination where people of minority and or low income communities are forced to near a hazardous area; such
as a nuclear deposits, mining drainage sites, or chemical plants. This concept has been debated for decades. Big businesses have been able to take
advantage of minority communities for many years now. Environmental racism is not a thing of the past; it is still in full effect to the people of Flint,
Michigan and the Sioux Tribe in North Dakota. Due to social media awareness, the issue of environmental racism has been brought to a new light,
causing protests to take place nationally.
Native American people have very strong relationships with the natural world and the environment. Half of all of the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The original path of the pipeline was going to cut across the Missouri River, which is very close to Bismarck, the state's capital. It was scratched
due to the fear of leakage and the possibility of contamination (Morris). So they moved it onto the Sioux Tribe's reservation land. This sparked an
outrage within activists nationally. Members of the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe and supporters have been protesting the construction of this pipeline
for months now. They have been driven back by security guards hired by Energy Transfer Partners, the company who is developing the pipeline,
with pepper spray and attack dogs. The pipeline is projected to carry around 470,000 barrels of oil daily from North Dakota to Illinois (Morris). People
are saying that this pipeline is a safer alternative to importing fuel from outside of the United States. The majority of people, though, fear a potential
spill from this pipeline which would result in an environmental disaster and possible contamination of drinking water. The matter of the fact is that the
companies involved with the building of the Dakota Access Pipeline believe that the reservation that the Sioux Tribe is living on is not sacred and can
be disposed of. This is environmental racism at its core; large corporations that believe that they are able to take advantage of minority communities
because they

Definition Of Environmental Racism
Let's begin with a concrete definition of environmental racism. Environmental racism "...links racism with environmental actions, experiences, and
outcomes. In the broadest sense, environmental racism and its corollary, environmental discrimination, is the process whereby environmental
decisions, actions, and policies result in racial discrimination or the creation of racial advantages." (Taylor, 2009) This definition explains how the
direct outcome of these decisions makes it "racist" because of favourism or advantages that certain races or cultures receive over others. More
specifically, it is the disadvantages that cultures, such as Nigerians or Indians receive because there are viewed as either less valuable or put at a
lower ranking to the point where they do not deserve the same resources as white Americans might. We will have a look later into a case study where
a specific group of African–American's environment was indirectly tampered with and that resulted in polluted water. For now, we will continue to look
at how environmental racism can present itself in our everyday lives. For indigenous people, they are stripped from their land and they are unable to
rejuvenate the crops and seeds local to their environment. For example, farmers in the South are impacted the most by climate change and inclement
weather, however any corporation can step in and take over their land. Farmers are deeply affected by climate change when there is no downpour, or
similarly, when there is

Environmental Racism practice of environmental injustice within a racialized context. In Western nations, environmental racism refers to socially
marginalized minority communities which are subjected to disproportionate exposure of environmental hazards, the denial of access to sources of
ecological sustenance (such as clean air, water, and natural resources), or both. Within an international context, environmental marginalization may
apply to disadvantaged ecological relationships between industrialized Western powers and the Global South, and is often associated with colonialism,
neoliberalism, and globalization. Instances of environmental racism can include exposure to toxic waste, flooding, pollution from heavy industrial ...
Since the decrease in property value is less than that of a cleaner, wealthier area the monetary benefits to society are greater by dumping the toxic
waste in a "low–value" area. In North Carolina, it has been said that the number of pigs on factory farms exceeds the total population of people in the
state. The contamination from North Carolina pig farms has yielded dangerous concentrations of groundwater nitrates, a leading cause of blue baby
syndrome. Hydrogen sulfide has also caused noticeable increases in respiratory ailments near these sites. And because of the location of these
industrialized farms, those affected most are low–income communities of

Is There Such A Thing As Environmental Racism
Is There Such a Thing as Environmental Racism? In Tallassee, Alabama, there is a landfill. This is not just a small–town dump, this is one of the
largest landfills in the state of Alabama. In fact, according to the Huffington Post, "around 4:00 a.m. most mornings, a processional of
trash–transporting semis thunder over old local bridges" to drop off their first loads. What's the big deal? Stone's Throw Landfill has ruined Ronald
Smith's town. It has taken his peace, it has polluted his land, and it has created a dangerous situation. Smith says that there are vultures and feral
animals everywhere. Why, you ask, would anyone want to buy a house next to the dump? Smith didn't. The landfill used to be a small family–owned
location that served

Environmental Racism: Brandywine
Gray feels that Brandywine has become just another sacrificial zone in the fight against environmental racism. Sadly, her claims are not that far off.
According to Deaton, "It's people of color who endure the brunt of the impact. Coal– and gas–fired power plants disproportionately populate
communities long on cheap land and short on political power. This is true in Brandywine and around the country", (2016). As a resident of Maryland
myself, I find this kind of information to be sad, but unfortunately all too true. Often in low income communities such as Brandywine, African
Americans are thought of as the disposable members of society, despite the fact that we make up the majority of the population of areas such as
Brandywine. In this way,

Environmental Racism Analysis

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