Finance Crisis And Its Effects On The Financial Crisis

Finance Crisis And Its Effects On The Financial Crisis
After the breakout of finance crisis, leaders of the G–20 vowed to take control of the derivative
market and finally pass the BASEL III. All the participants including the bank， speculators,
exchange platform and institutions, regulators, the offices, political leaders and the households who
had a harmful effect from the financial crisis require the reassurance for such a crisis to never occur
again. Society as a whole suffered a loss from it, because the wide spread fear and constraint of
consumption resulted in higher than expected rates of unemployment, deflation was expected and
occurred drastically. Investment was strained down significantly.
There are both counterparty and transparency risks that contributed to the derivative ... Show more
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For individual speculators and the managers of financial firms, they have incentives to increase
profit where they prefer more risk investment when counterparties and others obey the rules to keep
a sustainable marker. Therefore, the transparency policy had been implemented to expose more
information around prices and volumes combined with the standardising policy of derivatives
contracts, which also increase market efficiency and liquidity. The main regulations introduced are
as follows:
Greater standardisation of OTC derivatives contracts: Greater standardisation would enhance the
efficiency of operational processes; facilitate the increased use of central counterparty (CCP)
clearing and trading on organised trading platform to support greater comparability of trade
information. By working with international regulators and the industry to take steps in identifying
and agreeing which products can be further standardised, both in terms of underlying contract terms
and operational processes where this must be implemented on a timely basis.
More robust counterparty risk management. All OTC derivative trades, whether or not centrally
cleared, should be subject to robust arrangements to mitigate counterparty risk. For all financial
firms this should be through the use of CCP clearing for clearing eligible products. For trades which
are not centrally cleared these should be subject to robust bilateral collateralisation arrangements
and appropriate risk capital
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Theu.s. Dodd Frank Wall Street Reform And Consumer...
The pros and cons of many macroeconomic policies are frequently debated. In particular, the
Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act that was signed into law in July of
2010 sparked bitter controversy. Appropriately argued by American Banker's Capitol Hill reporter
Victoria Finkle, Dodd–Frank is viewed as either a "landmark law that reined in the biggest banks" or
an "economy–crippling overreach that burdened small institutions." The Act intends to tighten
financial regulation in the U.S., hoping to prevent the repeat of another financial crisis. Impetus for
Dodd–Frank stemmed from the bailout of financial institutions deemed "too big to fail" and the
moral hazard it created. In 2008, intense pressure fell upon some of ... Show more content on
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Mainly, Dodd–Frank equipped the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) with Orderly
Liquidation Authority (OLA) provisions, authorizing the FDIC to safely wind down large and
complex financial firms that are failing. The OLA expects to minimize moral hazard and systemic
risk. Another considerable aspect of Dodd–Frank is new rules calling for greater transparency in
risky dealings of exotic financial instruments: derivatives. The aim was to take these transactions out
of the shadows and make them visible to regulators and markets. Dodd–Frank also paved the way
for monitoring the insurance industry by establishing a Federal Insurance Office in the Treasury.
Altogether, these were useful steps and tools of Dodd–Frank. However, Economist Barry
Eichengreen points out that vesting the Fed with additional regulatory power and responsibility for
the stability of the financial system was a political nonstarter. The recently bailed out AIG was using
money provided by the Fed to pay retention bonuses totaling up to $6.4 million to 73 of its leading
employees. Aware of the bonus payments, the Fed claimed to be powerless in preventing them.
Later, a darker fact revealed that AIG was allowed to pay off obligations to Goldman Sachs using
Fed bailout funds. The Fed knew about these transactions, and even instructed AIG lawyers not to
divulge to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) internal memos authorizing said
payments to Goldman Sachs.

Johnson And Time Warner Comparison Paper
In the healthcare industry both Johnson & Johnson and Eli Lilly Company has a beta of less than
1%. This means both companies stock remain constant on the market, regardless of the markets up
and down swings. In looking at Johnson $ Johnson with a beta of .67 this means the company stock
is 33% less volatile (risky) as others in that market. Therefore, as the market prices goes up and
down, it is expected that Johnson & Johnson will be underperform by 33% when the market is up
and outperform by 35% when the market is down. Both companies have a lower risk but that also
means sometimes less return. Consumers can go with cars and even cable but it difficult for
individuals to go without healthcare. Healthcare (products and services) are considered inelastic,
which makes it hard for consumers to stop buying what is needed or find adequate substitutes. In
comparing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These stock are fast growing and tend to offer a better return but is also considered a high–risk. For
example, DISH beta is 1.18; therefore, it is 18% higher than the market average. As the market and
economy changes (downslopes) the demand for cable TV will decrease, as the demand decreases so
will the returns. In comparing the betas and returns for Dish and Time Warner, Time Warner has far
exceed Dish on total returns and surpassed the S&P index. Some of the reasons for this major gap,
should be explained in the services and contract requirements. Although, having cable is considered
a "want" and not a "need" many families find it difficult not having cable TV in their homes. They
are willing to pay for this expense; however, due to the uncertain of the economy they want the
option to cancel services without paying fees. Time Warner offer consumers a no contract service.
As the economy begins to grow consumers are willing to invest (even if temporarily) in luxuries
should as cable

Alok
Definition of 'Systematic Risk'
The risk inherent to the entire market or entire market segment.
Also known as "un–diversifiable risk" or "market risk."
Interest rates, recession and wars all represent sources of systematic risk because they affect the
entire market and cannot be avoided through diversification. Whereas this type of risk affects a
broad range of securities, unsystematic risk affects a very specific group of securities or an
individual security. Systematic risk can be mitigated only by being hedged.
Even a portfolio of well–diversified assets cannot escape all risk.
________________________________________________________________________________
Definition of 'Unsystematic Risk'
Company or industry specific ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Within the Momentum Model they used two approaches to forecasting future earnings estimate
revisions. 1) an approach based on past changes in analyst's estimates. These small revisions would
then encourage other analysts to update their estimates. This would lead to earnings estimate
leapfrogging and a herd effect. They captured this effect in its "Estrend" or earnings estimate "trend"
model. Candidates with large increases in analysts' estimates were candidates for buying and
companies with large decreases in analysts' estimates were candidates for selling short. 2) the
second approach to forecasting future changes in analysts' earnings estimates was based on earnings
surprises...company announcements of quarterly earnings that were significantly different from the
consensus of analysts' expectations. A stock price increase immediately following the announcement
of a positive earnings surprise usually would signal that the earnings were indicative of good future
outcomes for the company. However, a stock decline might signal perhaps that, while the last
quarter may have been better than expected, other information released in the announcement was
indicating that the improved earnings were unlikely to be sustained. So for a given stock, Numeric's
models determined both an Estrend score and an earnings surprise score. These scores were then
combined in a weighted

Manipulation Of The Truth In The Film 'Ai Weiwei: Never...
Documentaries and manipulation of the truth
"Documentaries do not show us what is true but manipulate the viewer to accept a version of the
truth."
Documentaries aim to explore events or ideas that are true. However the truth is often lost when we
consider other influencing factors, which include the filmmaker's inherent bias, the need for a film
to tell a single coherent story, and common documentary conventions which shape the viewer's
understanding. Held back by these issues, documentary makers cannot help but communicate their
version of the truth to the viewer through both intentional and unintentional manipulation.
Filmmakers inherently have a personal belief in a version of the truth. Upbringing, societal norms,
political views and many ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many stylistic elements of documentaries, such as the use of archival footage, re–enactments, or real
time footage have the potential to manipulate the viewer's opinion on the truth. However the director
cannot simply omit these stylistic elements as they are an integral part of conveying the truth, and in
fact define the documentary as a film type. The film "Ai Weiwei – Never Sorry", for example, uses
techniques such as interviews and voiceovers when analysing the real life footage of Ai Weiwei. The
opinions of the people interviewed strongly emerges in these scenes, manipulating the viewer's
belief towards their version of the truth. However without the use of analysis, the documentary has
lost important elements of the truth. The director is unable to give context to the footage so it has
much less meaning, and would be less useful and interesting to audiences. In a similar way, the film
uses music to draw attention to aspects of the truth, highlighting what the director feels is the most
important aspects of a scene. This will clearly manipulate the viewer's belief in the truth, but without
this music, the truth cannot be effectively conveyed as other visual cues may shift the viewer's
attention away from the most important information. Directors of all film types face this dilemma,
and documentaries are among the hardest to get the balance between too much and too little
manipulation right. However all filmmakers know that by using these conventions they are
intentionally manipulating the viewer to accept their personal version of the

Systemic Lupus Research Paper
Known as SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus is classified as an autoimmune disorder, which the
immune system attacks itself , that might lead to the killing of cells. Autoimmune disorders causes
the immune system to overperform and ends up attacking the body. During infancy in a person who
has an autoimmune disease, "their immune system "forgets" that certain antigens in the body do
belong there" (Thomas). When an autoimmune disease affects more than one organ in the body, it's
classifies as a systemic autoimmune disease. SLE "is a chronic disease that causes inflammation in
connective tissues, such as cartilage and the lining of blood vessels." (Genetics Home Reference)
"SLE can potentially affect any system and organ of the body"(Thomas). ... Show more content on
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"When a lupus flare occurs, many people will notice a return of the symptoms they experienced
previously. However, some people may also develop new symptoms. Active disease is caused by
inflammation in an organ or organ system. Common symptoms that indicate a flare are: ongoing
fever not due to an infection, painful, swollen joints, an increase in fatigue, rashes sores or ulcers in
the mouth or nose, general swelling in the leg. Some flares happen without symptoms"(Lupus
Foundation of America).
There are a lot of different types of treatments for Lupus that work effectively due to recent research
and development. These drugs include: NSAIDs, Antimalarials, Corticosteroids,
Immunosuppressives, and BLyS–specific inhibitors.
If someone does have SLE, the drug used to deal with the symptoms have serious side effects. That's
why it is super important to take extra care of their body. Eating healthy, exercising often, limiting
sun exposure and cutting out smoking are crucial habits if a person does have systemic lupus
erythematosus. "Because of the nature and cost of the medications used to treat lupus and the
potential for serious side effects, many patients seek other ways of treating the disease. Some
alternative approaches people have tried include special diets, nutritional supplements, fish oils,
ointments and creams, chiropractic treatment, and homeopathy. Although these methods may not be
harmful in and of themselves and may be associated

Financial Crisis of 2008
The Financial Crisis of 2008 was the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression, however a lot
of American's want tougher law of be enforced against executives and companies they think started
the mess (Jost/Misconduct). Civil charges have been brought up against major banks for misleading
investors, but a federal judge rejected a proposed settlement saying it was too lenient
(Jost/Misconduct). The flood of subprime mortgages roiling the housing market in the U.S. is also
causing the worldwide credit crisis (Jost/Crisis). Investment banks everywhere are taking billion–
dollar losses, forcing them to revalue their belongings (Jost/crisis). This crisis started under the
surface for many years then emerged into the public in March 2008 ... Show more content on
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These realities require outstanding moral integrity, political independence with their heads, and top–
level technical expertise (Lagos). One way the government looks at this financial crisis is just a
symptom of a deeper crisis which is a crisis of its own.
The growing executive compensation
Manager's capitalism has replaced owner's capitalism
The failure of gatekeepers , this includes boards of directors, career politicians, auditors, and Wall
Street analysts
The management of earnings
These are the Bogle cities particular issues that caused the financial crisis. Mark Roeder, a former
executive at the UBS, conducted an analysis that suggested that large–scaled momentum "played a
pivotal role" in the global financial crisis, also known as the financial crisis of 2008 (Lagos).
Involvement of Private Sector The Reserve Bank has been verbal that they are uncomfortable about
wealthy Asian governments using savings when they use the savings to shop around for assets
(Saulwick). High levels of public sector involvement could hurt financial markets and the returns
countries are earning on their foreign investments (Saulwick). Dr. Lowe, the person that said this,
argued that the private sector in Asian countries needs to take on a greater role when it comes to
overseas investment. He also said the world was moving unavoidably towards financial institutions
in

Insurance Industry Risks
Introduction
The averaging out of independent risks in a large portfolio is called diversification. The principle of
diversification is used routinely in the insurance industry. In this paper I will talk about two different
types of home insurance and talk about the different risks associated with each.
Discussion
A portfolio is used to describe a collection of securities. In finance, the risk of an individual security
differs from the risk of a portfolio composed of similar securities. In order to help us understand
why, Chapter 10 in the book gave a great example on insurance companies.
Let's consider two types of home insurance: theft insurance and earthquake insurance. Lets also
suppose that the risk of these two hazards is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fluctuations of a stock's return as a result of firm specific news are independent risks. This means
that they are unrelated across stocks. Independent risks are also known as unsystematic risk. When
many stocks make up a portfolio, the unsystematic risks of each individual stock will average out
and be eliminated through diversification.
"Market wide new is news about the economy as a whole and therefore affects all stocks. For
instance, the federal reservce might announce that it will lower interest rates to boost the economy"
(311). Fluctuations of a stock's return that are due to market wide news are common risk. All stocks
are affected by this news. Common risk is also referred to as systematic risk. Since systematic risk
affects all firms, it cannot be eliminated through diversification. When firms carry both systemic and
unsystemic risk, only unsystematic risk will be eliminated by diversification when firms are
combined into a portfolio. The volatility will therefore decline until only the systematic risk
remains. Because of this, the volatility of a portfolio is lower than the volatility of the individual
stocks in the portfolio.
Conclusion
The averaging out of independent risks in a large portfolio is called diversification.
Diversification is used routinely in the insurance industry. For example, the theft insurance industry
relies on the fact that the number of claims is relatively predictable in a

The Ethics Of Implicit Bias
"You are a racist!" is a phrase that produces anxiety and triggers defensive mindsets, especially in
work environments. Are you racist? Are you sexist? Are you bias? The answers to these questions
might not be as stress–free to answer as you believe. Is it possible to be biased without the intent to
be biased? Yes. There are two different types of biases; explicit bias and implicit bias. Explicit bias
is when you consciously believe that certain races, genders, or religions are inferior. Implicit bias is
when you think that you are unbiased but actually perform unconscious bias actions. Recognizing
implicit bias is no easy undertaking which is why there have been theoretical attempts to avert
implicit bias before it materializes. In the modern business world, unintentional prejudiced actions
happen every day. In his paper "Context and the Ethics of Implicit Bias," Michael Brownstein
attempts to find a solution to these critical issues. In this essay, I will attempt to explain the theories
behind the three 'ethics of implicit bias' and what problems arise in each situation according to
Brownstein. I will then describe the advanced contextualist approach of Brownstein's and why I
consider his strategy to be the most effective in business settings through my own personal
experiences. First I will go over the three strategies. In his paper "Context and the Ethics of Implicit
Bias," Michael Brownstein lists three approaches used to battle implicit bias. The three 'ethics of

Banking System Stability Is Largely Built On A Number Of...
Banking system stability is mostly built on a number of internal and external characteristics.
Wheelock and Wilson (2002) used a rating methodology called CAMEL, shorten from several
variables include Capital adequacy, Asset quality, Management quality, Earning, Liquidity, to
analyze the probability of bank failures. Their study documented that smaller banks and well–
capitalized banks can obtain a higher degree of capacity to maintain stability individually, and
comparing to universal banks, they contribute more to the stability of a nation 's banking system.
Those variables reflect the internal environment for operations of an individual bank and may be
varied while banks choose to diversify their revenue with the conglomeration of ... Show more
Over the period of 1996–2005, accounting data based researches showed that the universal banks
can only increase the volatility of accounting profits by diversifying non–interest income and have
no effect on raising their average profits. For American banks, there may be some benefits by
introducing new business differing from traditional interest–income based derivatives, the profits are
offset by the increasing exposure to the systemic risk that institutions may suffer. The similar result
raised in Stiroh 's (2006) research in American equity market during 1996–2005. He concluded that,
on the one hand, there is no apparent link between non–interest income exposure and average
profits. On the other hand, the diversification of non–interest income has a strong and positive
correlation with the volatility of equity return.
Banks in European shared the similar phenomenon in which banks with non–interest business
present a lower level of risk management capability than those who mainly focused on traditional
interest–income activities. Recent findings state that compare to trading activities, bank 's
conglomerate risk is mainly positively correlated with the scale of non–interest income (Lepetit
2008). Those studies dig deeply into European equity market to reach the relationship between
market–based measures of the risk trade–off and the effect of income diversification. They
concluded that in the long run, universal banks with a higher proportion of non–interest

The Family Systems Theory During The Mid 20th Century
Murray Bowen, an American psychiatrist, began developing what would become known as the
family systems theory during the mid–20th century. He believed that the family was an emotional
unit and that it could be best understood by looking not just at current family interactions but the
interactions of prior generations as well (Helm, 2009). His focus was on using theory, not therapy, to
treat the patient and the cornerstone of that theory is that human behavior is based on a person being
able to "maintain intimacy with loved ones while differentiating themselves sufficiently as
individuals so as not to be swept up by what is transpiring within the family" (p. 205). At both the
Menninger Clinic and the National Institute of Mental Health, Bowen became interested in
schizophrenia specifically in relation to the mother and child. He soon realized that he needed to
focus on the entire family rather than just mother and child to provide a more accurate picture for his
research. The Bowen Family Systems theory was born of this realization. The basic premise of the
family systems theory is that the therapist cannot fully understand or successfully treat the client
without first grasping how that individual functions within their family system. To this end, Bowen
postulated eight interlocking concepts for the family as an emotional unit and they are
differentiation of self, triangles, nuclear family emotional process, family projection process,
emotional cutoff, multigenerational

Financial Crisis During 2008 Hit The Economy, People Panicked
Ewelina Cachro
Professor Bateman
Fin 320
3 November 2014
Assignment 2 When the financial crisis during 2008 hit the economy, people panicked. In an attempt
to stabilize the market, the government took action. The various actions taken in 2008 by the
Department of the Treasury and the Federal Reserve Bank, as well as the new regulations proposed
and implemented by the Securities and Exchange Commission, were generated to reduce and
mitigate the systemic risk created by the Money Market Mutual Funds. These actions and
regulations, as well as the systemic risk created, will be addressed during the upcoming paragraphs.
Money Market Mutual Funds are investments whose purpose is to provide investors with a safe
place to invest. They are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It did not matter what type of security it was; the crisis affected the entire market. However,
different classes of assets are affected in different ways. To figure out the systemic risk of a
particular industry, security, or portfolio, and to see how that systemic risk compares to the overall
market's systemic risk, investors and others use beta.
A large financial firm presents systemic risks due to its "interconnectedness, leverage, and its
tendency to finance long–term assets with short–term debt." The systemic risk associated with
Money Market Mutual Funds, became glaringly obvious when Reserve Primary Fund, a MMMF,
had "broken the buck". This drop in value of shares from $1.00 to $0.97 spread panic to other
MMMFs and created the systemic risk that "the failure of a single entity...can cause a cascading
failure" of the entire financial system. Another systemic risk posed by MMMF is that associated
with the withdrawals by investors from MMMFs that would lead to a freezing of the markets. This
was especially prominent in the short–term investment markets. When $200 billion were withdrawn
from "prime MMMFs", the short–term interest rates immediately spiked. This spike in short–term
interest rates posed another systemic risk in that these interest rates affect the entire market and not
just one industry or entity. Another systemic risk issue that arises from MMMFs stems from the very
essence of these instruments. MMMFs attract risk–adverse

Narrative Therapy
Narrative therapy is a family counseling approach that continues to evolve and gain popularity in the
field of therapy (Chang & Nylund, 2013). Given the continued strides of narrative therapy this is a
family counseling approach worthy of research. This paper will detail the beginnings of narrative
therapy and those responsible for its development. Although White and Epston are the leading
figures of narrative therapy many individuals with varying backgrounds and beliefs influenced their
thinking (Biggs & Hinton–Bayre, 2008).
Using several resources such as Goldenberg & Goldenberg (2013) the key techniques and concepts
of narrative therapy will be examined along with noted similarities and differences when compared
to other leading ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
411). Clients can also "...team up and begin changing their relationship to the problem..." (p. 411).
Noted similarities/dissimilarities
Both similarities and differences exist between narrative therapy and other leading therapies:
psychodynamic, structural, behavioral, and cognitive, to name a few. As mentioned previously
narrative therapy is part of the postmodern and poststructual thought. The poststructual thought
challenges the need of searching for underlying "truth". However, other leading therapies hold a
structural view and believe there are "...deeper elements buried within the individual..." these
elements can be explored and interpreted so that "truth" about the meanings of the behavior can be
revealed (Goldenberg & Goldenberg, 2013, p. 397). This would explain why narrative therapy does
not attempt to uncover or diagnose client's motives, drives, or ego strengths (Goldenberg &
Goldenberg, 2013). Narrative therapists believe "...the exploration of subjective experiences–hopes,
desires, passions, purposes..." contribute to why people behave as they do (p.398).
There are also differences in how the theories view the family structure. For example, structural
family therapy is interested in how the family works as a system; how they interact, communicate,
they pay attention to transactional and dysfunctional patterns (Goldenberg & Goldenberg, 2013).
Narrative therapists devote no time to discovering family patterns, exploring family dynamics, or
searching for past

The Federal Government Regulate The Insurance Industry
Background The federal government's role is in regulating industries is to protect consumers and the
market. There is an ongoing debate on whether the federal government should regulate the insurance
industry as a result of the bailouts stemming from the Financial Crisis of 2008. Currently, state
governments regulate the insurance industry. Proponents of federal regulation reason that states are
inefficient in the duty of insurance regulation. Additionally, the federal government has economies
of scale and may offer an increase in efficiency unlike state regulation. The federal government
regulates industries due to inherent systemic risk to the country's economic environment. Systemic
risk is the risk of collapse of an entire financial system or market. (SOURCE) For example, banking
institutions such as Lehman Brothers, Merrell Lynch, and Goldman Sachs were major contributors
to the financial crisis in 2008 because these institutions were systemically significant to the market.
The insurance industry and the core activities of the industry, however, were not a major contributor
to near–collapse of the American economy. The federal government should not regulate the
insurance industry because it does not possess a systemic risk to the market economy, states have
the ability and resources to regulate, and federal regulation would result in unnecessary costs from
the federal budget.
The Insurance Industry and Systemic Risk The first initial component to what constitutes

Family and Systemic Therapies
The emergence of family and systemic therapies in the latter part of the 20th century saw something
of a paradigm shift in the world of psychotherapy and counseling. Those in the field during the
1960's and 1970's were predominantly occupied with psychodynamic, behavioural and humanistic
approaches (Corey, 2009). Theories attached to these forms of therapy emphasized the autonomy of
the individual, and the capacity to engage in free, independent choice. In therapeutic settings, much
of the discussion would also typically be focused on 'cause–and–effect', in other words; seeking an
explanation for why a person was thinking, feeling or behaving in a particular manner. Less
attention would be focused on the context of the individuals' experience, and the matter of how a
situation came to be as it is (Bowen, 1972).
This idea however is central to what would later become the practice of family and systemic
therapies. Family therapy advocates using practices that specifically address historical, contextual
and constitutional factors, including working with all members of the extended family and wider
social network as well as coaching people to manage their constraints within their unit (Carr, 2012).
Systemic therapy has its roots in family systems theory, which was pioneered by Murray Bowen, an
American psychiatrist who originally practiced within the psychoanalytic model, but later shifted his
focus to the role of family dynamics and dimensions of the family as a system during

Jill Reported Increased Capacity Of Managing Stressful...
Jill reported increased capacity in managing stressful situations and emotions. This was evident in
her ability to follow through on coping skills discussed and when using a subjective scale to assess
moods she reported improved moods. Jill reported mood changes to be related to interventions in
our sessions and being consistent with her anti–depressant prescription. Jill also reported a reduction
in her anxiety attacks. Due to Jill addressing underlying issues related to her drinking and feeling
heard, she was able to pursue employment counselling and had started a job placement with Leads
Employment Services which further increased her confidence. Jill's self–care improved and that was
she presented in clean clothing and had started to wear make–up to appointments. She reported
practicing self–care often and had treated herself to a haircut.
Jill shared she had attended a family gathering that we had discussed prior and had made plans to
leave if it became difficult. She was able to attend this function and did leave at one point when she
became stressed. She was able to use recommendations from our cognitive behavioural 'AWARE'
program in order to regain her composure and chose to rejoin the family function. In the past, Jill
reports she would have reacted to the stress by abusing alcohol, resulting in an argument prior to
leaving. Jill reported an improvement with her relationship with her children, she shared that she
was able to avoid arguments escalating with her

Outsourcing : Is Outsourcing The Case Of Banks?
What is Outsourcing in case of Banks? (As per RBI Publication)
The world everywhere, banks are increasingly for outsourcing as an approach of both reducing
asking price and accessing specialist gift, not ready forthcoming drawn internally and achieving dire
aims. 'Outsourcing ' take care of be marked as a bank 's evaluate of a third satisfaction (either a born
with entity within a corporate everyone or an entity that is exterior to the corporate group) to dig
activities on a continuing reality that would normally be undertaken by the thrift itself, soon or in the
future.
'Continuing basis would reply agreements for a restrictive period.
In keeping by generally told of this international that a way, it is observed, that banks in India aside
from have been chiefly outsourcing distinctive activities. Needles to defend, a well–known
outsourcing, procreate banks as a result of like a clay pigeon to at variance risks as busy in para 1.3.
Further, the outsourcing activities are to be brought within regulatory field of reference and the
interests of the customer's ised responsible for be protected.
It is opposite this mise en scene, that Reserve Bank of India has deemed it proficient to express in
apartment a reside of guidelines to try, the risks that building and loan association would be exposed
to in a milieu of fledgling outsourcing reaction and to prove that the bank confused and the Reserve
Bank of India have secure to all books, records and impression available by all of

Bowen Family Systems
Bowen Family System Theory
Introduction
In doing my studies on family/systemic counselling, I found Bowen's theory intriguing. In my work
and everyday life, I witness triangulation on a daily basis, from my own experience, without the
awareness from this module, I was often entwined in triangulation. As a trainee therapist I decided
to write my paper on Bowenian Therapy in order to gain a better understanding and develop my
awareness.
Murray Bowen, M.D. (31 January 1913 – 9 October 1990) was an American psychiatrist and a
professor in Psychiatry at the Georgetown University. Bowen was among the pioneers of family
therapy and founders of systemic therapy.
"The family systems theory is a theory introduced by Dr. Murray Bowen that ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Triangles
Triangles are the basic units of systems. They balance between closeness and distance. The third
person or party brings unity and creates continuity in warring situation. The triangle brings stressed
person into a manageable level of operation. This involves true listening and gives a true advice for
a better solution. In it virtually all relationships are shadowed by third parties. For example when a
couple have an argument, afterwards, one of the partners may call their friend to talk about the fight.
The third person helps them reduce their anxiety and take action, or calm their strong emotions and
reflect, and make decision.
People who are more undifferentiated are likely to triangulate others and be triangulated whereas
people who are differentiated cope well with life and relationship stress, and as a result are less
likely to triangulate others or be triangulated.
The Nuclear Family Emotional Process
These are the emotional patterns in a family that continue over generations. This involves a
modeling scenario where a family member models and imitates the behaviour and even the language
of his or her parents. For example, a parent who teaches his or her children to be happy when things
are ok and sad when things are bad shapes the future thinking of those children.Here the parent

passes on an emotional view of the world (the emotional process), which is taught throughout
generation

The Role Of Periodontitis As A Risk Factor For Systemic...
Introduction
In this research paper, I will be writing about Periodontitis as a risk factor for Systemic Diseases. It
has been known that some systemic diseases alter the presentation and progression of periodontal
disease. Evidence suggests that periodontal disease may play a role as a risk factor in developing
and management of a serious systemic disease. Periodontal infections have been implicated in
cardiovascular disease, preterm and low– birth weight infants, and bacterial pneumonia. In addition,
it appears to be more difficult to control non– insulin dependent diabetes in patients with severe
periodontitis. The exact mechanisms of these interrelationships have not been determined, our
understanding of these increases in risk is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Poor periodontal health is a factor known to precede many heart attacks, and specific pathogens are
associated with coronary heart disease. Oral Manifestations
Mucosal ulceration, dental disease and other tooth abnormalities, oral soft tissue tumors, periodontal
disease, bone pathology, and orofacial pain may be directly related to or confounded by underlying
systemic disease. Numerous orofacial signs and symptoms are associated with systemic disease. The
most serious problems of concern to dental professionals include caries, oral ulcers, mucosal
erythema and sloughing, gingival bleeding and hypertrophy, soft tissue exophytic masses, dry
mouth, facial pain, movement disorders, tooth abnormalities, abnormal dental wear, tooth/mucosal
discoloration, developmental and bone pathology. ( Burgess, 2017) Once diagnosed, most
periodontal diseases can be treated successfully. The therapeutic goals in periodontal disease are:
first, to alter or eliminate the origin of the microbes as well as contributing risk factors, thereby
preventing the progression of the disease and preserving the healthy state of the periodontium.
Second, the recurrence of periodontitis must be prevented. Finally, in severe cases, regeneration of
the periodontal attachments must be attempted. The first

Diversification: A Technique that Reduces Risk
Diversification is a technique that reduces risk by allocating investment among various financial
instruments, industries and other categories it aims to maximize return by investing in different arias
that would each react differently to the same event. Most investment professional agree that
although it does not guarantee against loss, diversification is the most important component of
reaching long financial goals while minimizing risk.
Different types of risk–
Investors confront two main types of risk when investing
1. Undiversifiable –This type of risk is commonly known as systematic or market risk. This risk is
associated with each and every company. Causes are things like inflation ray, exchange ray, political
instability, entrust rate. This type of risk is not specific to a particular company or industry and it
cannot be eliminated or reduced through diversification, its just a type of a risk that investors must
accept.
2. Diversifiable– This type of risk is opposite to systematic risk known as unsystematic risk and is
specific to a company, industry, market, economy this can be reduced through diversification the
most common sources are business risk and financial risk. So the main motive is to invest in
different assets so that they will not all be affected the same way by market events.
a) The economy of scale and economy of scope needs to diversification. Diversifying significantly
helps in growing a firm's ability to grow more rapidly. The main reason

A Major Systemic Risk Issue On Wall Street
With what started as one lender's possibility of going bankrupt soon began to look like a major
systemic risk issue on Wall Street. United States Government Leaders were left with tough
decisions. Treasury Secretary Henry M. Paulson Jr had some of the toughest decisions to make
during this time, make the lenders pay for the mistakes and go bankrupt or have the government
assist them and provide them in order to stop what looked to be another great depression. Moral
hazard, a situation in which a party is insulated from the consequences of its actions; thus protected,
it has no incentive to behave differently, (Ahrens, 2008) was often the topic of discussion and
reasoning behind his decisions for Paulson. Originally when the first lender Bear Sterns became in
trouble the reaction from Treasurer Secretary Henry Paulson was to let them fail and deal with the
outcome on their own. After further review of the dealings Bear Stern had with several other
financial intuitions, it soon became clear that if this happened several other lenders would soon
follow in bankruptcy. Henry Paulson and the United States Federal Government decided that this
was something they could not let happened and stepped in. The United States government stepped in
and was able to work out a deal with JP Morgan to buy out Bear Sterns, hoping to stop the systemic
risks in other lenders on Wall Street. Henry Paulson wanted to make sure it was know that this was
not a decision that was to be taken lightly

Beta Risk Analysis
Nearly all investors look to beta as a way of feeling out the risk of a stock or fund. Put simply, beta
measures volatility, or the tendency to swing up and down, as compared to a benchmark. Fund
managers that take a bullish stance on the short–term horizon may actively stock up on high–beta
equities to drive up returns. Controlling beta becomes an obsession for managers; and after they get
the balance just right, they feel confident and reassured in their risk profile. Menchero, Nagy, and
Singh concentrate on three estimates of beta to test the accuracy of the measure overall. The first,
naive beta, makes a gross simplification that all stocks have a beta of 1. Second, the historical beta
can be computed by comparing stock ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When charted across the largest financial institutions during the 2008 Financial Crisis, it delivers
great results. It would have targeted Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Morgan Stanley, Bear Stearns, and
Lehman Brothers as the most fragile institutions. Moreover, the model could detect the problems as
early as the first quarter of 2005, making it a promising predictive tool. Such a risk–measurement
instrument can be useful for firms of all sizes: from medium to large–scale funds, to the largest
institutional investment houses.
Danielsson and De Vries explain how predictions of low probability, worst–case outcomes are
extremely poor using Value at Risk. These, importantly, are the most influential events that deserve
the most attention. Such a blind spot is unacceptable. As such, they offer an alternative: an extreme
value estimator. When tested against VaR and historical simulations far out in the tails, it performs
much better in locating the depths of a negative shock. It charts tails according to particular
parametric distributions, "develop[ing] a straightforward rule for obtaining multi–period VaR from
the single period VaR." It is still fraught with several problems, but makes much more realistic
assumptions about the distribution of stock market returns. Moreover, it more closely mimics the
actual returns of the market.
Acharya et al. look specifically at the externalities that firms bring to the real economy.
Undercapitalization is a major

The Sixth Amendment And The Sixth Amendment
Introduction & Literature Review
Questions concerning pretrial exposure center on the tension between two guaranteed rights in the
United States, the First Amendment and the Sixth Amendment to the Constitution. The First
Amendment allows the press to print, while the Sixth Amendment promises a speedy and public
trial, that an unbiased and impartial panel directs. When the press exposes a current investigation,
including prior convictions, or admissions, a panel, or select representatives on a panel, would be
exposed. In Ruva & Guenther's (2017) experiment, researchers examined how a panel's memories,
evidence interpretations, perceptions and guilt decisions varied when pretrial exposure was present.
It was determined that representatives on a panel who were exposed would pass their bias onto other
representatives not exposed prior. Given the strong constitutional protections that the press
possesses, courts need to manage chances where pretrial exposure is present.
Purpose & Research Question
In dismissing representatives on a panel, we assume that pretrial exposure determines their
conscious decisions. With that being said, we expect a representative on a panel to know that pretrial
exposure could determine their decisions, and to know how to isolate this in deliberation. Dating
back to Nisbett and Wilson's experiment in the 1970's, decisions were determined in the
unconscious, but what determined these decisions or biases, even when biases in decisions were
mentioned, was unsure, (Newell & Shanks, 2014). In other words, one knows that biases could
determine decisions, but not theirs. This so–called bias blind spot is common in deliberation. The
ultimate question is, what is there to do concerning pretrial exposure while selecting an unbiased
and impartial panel?
Proposition
Voir dire is intended to determine whether representatives on a panel were exposed to pretrial
exposure. Dismissing representatives on a panel who were exposed to pretrial bias is unrealistic. To
combat issues concerning pretrial exposure, as well as bias, counsel will de–bias mock
representatives, as a means to de–bias perceptions and decisions, as a solution. De–biasing will
result in more reasoned and less automatic decisions. With

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
The Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act brought the most significant
changes to financial regulation in the United States since the reform that followed the Great
Depression. It made changes in the American financial regulatory environment that affect all federal
financial regulatory agencies and almost every part of the nation's financial services industry. Like
Glass–Steagall, the legislation passed after the Great Depression, it sought to regulate the financial
markets and make another economic crisis less likely. Banks were deregulated in 1999 by the
Gramm–Leach–Biley Act, which repealed the Glass–Steagall Act and essentially allowed for the
excessive risk taken on by banks that caused the most recent financial ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
217). The Dodd–Frank Act utilizes several different measures to determine the level of systemic risk
in the financial system. Regulators are encouraged to consider the following criteria when assessing
the systemic risk of a firm (pgs. 131–132): 1) The amount and nature of the company's financial
assets. 2) The amount and nature of the company's liabilities, including the degree of reliance on
short–term funding. 3) The extent of the company's leverage. 4) The extent and nature of the
company's off–balance–sheet exposures. 5) The extent and nature of the company's transactions and
relationship with other financial companies 6) The company's importance as a source of credit for
households, businesses, and state and local governments and as a source of liquidity for the financial
system. 7) The nature, scope, and mix of the company's activities. 8) The degree to which the
company is already regulated by one or more federal financing regulatory agencies. 9) The operation
of, or ownership interest in, any clearing, settlement, or payment business of the company. There are
three challenges to regulating systematic risk: 1) Identifying and measuring the systemic risk of
financial firms 2) Developing, based on systemic risk measures, an optimal policy whose

The Daughter Of Time By Joseph Essay
Josephine Tey's The Daughter of Time is a historical novel that looks at the belief that
Richard III, King of England, murdered his two nephews in order to maintain his power. This novel
also supports the belief that the "truth comes out through time." In the novel the main character,
Grant, is concerned with what he believes is a unknown fact of whether or not the long ago King of
England was guilty. Throughout his search for the answer Grant discovers many history books
which all tend to view Richard in different ways. It is from these different views of the same man,
that one can draw the conclusion that bias plays a major role in the validity and credibility of
documents and personal accounts. So what is the role and in what ways ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Personal accounts and documents are often overlooked or considered unbelievable because they
cannot be considered valid due to the bias opinions of the writer. As historians many find this
discouraging because they have no account of what really happened and only have what can be read
from the writings of others. In the media bias plays a role in the validity of certain things. An
example, just one out of the many, where bias plays a role in the credibility of certain events is the
Pocahontas story. With out going into too much detail it is safe to say that the Disney version was
very much altered from the real version. Pocahontas was a nickname for "the naughty one" the girls
real name in this legend was Matoaka. [visit http://www.powhatan.org/pocc.html to see what is
being referred to]
If bias continues to effect how valid certain past documents are, the documents which help to base
our future, than what do we as historians have to go on?
When one takes The Daughter of Time and looks closely another name for daughter one may come
up with is truth. The truth is what eventually evolves after time. "The truth comes out through time,"
is a statement which this book The Daughter of Time demonstrated very well. It showed how
Grant found evidence to support his belief that Richard the III was in fact innocent. It took many
years for someone to realize this but that is the role of time in this case. Grant used information from
books, which had been

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Tech Start-Up
The first risk came from the application of business ideas that are not validated or tested by the
market. Nico, Jean–Marie, David, 05M02–07–2016, and Holger, emphasized that most of the time,
products or services developed by tech start–up not be answering any need.
Holger, circumstances that some investors or founders try to draw up an idea without any validation
and with "limited" business models.
[...] For me, seen from the outside, many business ideas, I think are just.... They wanted it to work
but most of the ideas that fail in the first year I wouldn't invest in them... It takes quite a long time
until you find an idea in you can really, honestly, believe in and not just, you know have your mom
telling you that you are a great singer ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Jean–Marie and Nico say that a breakdown in technology was often fatal for technology start–ups. It
could either create new business opportunities or push tech start–up to the exit gate. They emphasize
the difficulty to forecast the right technology and to have a long–term vision. Tech start–up have a
limited range of vision and must most of the time; they follow what seems the most valuable to
them. The severity of a systemic risk related to technology is not mentioned in the literature by the
authors. For these findings, it is possible to underline the central position of technology as a source
of risk that is difficult to mitigate
4.2.1.5 Technological risks
Alma and Jim stated that in a tech start–up, having skilled employees to manage the technology was
highly requested. For her, failure often appeared when the technology became too complicated; no
enough resources were allocated to it, or the team was not specialized sufficiently to control it.
Alma says:
[...] Software leads to risks, the technology is really precise and your need specialists

Neutrality in Family Systemic Therapy
Master of Science Family and Systemic Psychotherapy
Term Paper
NEUTRALITY
(A historical review of a theoretical concept/idea in working with families and couples)
Submitted by:
Cheryl Lim
13 April 2007
Counselling and Care Centre, Singapore
The Institute of Family Therapy, London, UK
Validated by Middlesex University, London, UK As a learning therapist, I am often being reminded
of the concept of neutrality when reviewing one's relationship with the clients. This gives rise to my
interest to review the development of neutrality in the field of family therapy, its relevance in
clinical work, and its value and limitations. To trace the origins of the development of neutrality, one
would have to begin with the Milan ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Like a neutral therapist, the Bowenian therapist supposedly remains sufficiently detached, thereby
staying on top of the situation. In the strategic and structural family therapies, the therapist's position
was not extensively discussed. However, there has been an emphasis for the therapist to be
respectful and empathic in session. For instance, a structural family therapist, in order to produce
change, needs to first join with the family members. In joining, the therapist conveys acceptance and
respect of family members and their ways of doing things. In this manner, the Milan group's concept
of neutrality is connected with the structural therapy's concept of joining. The intent for both
therapists is also to allow the family members to listen to each other's stories. While in neutrality, it
is a stance that is undertaken throughout the therapeutic process, the structural therapist may move
into realigning the boundaries and restructuring the hierarchies in the family. To achieve that, the
structural therapist may at times align with one family member. This is where neutrality ends for the
structural therapist. Into the 1980s, the Milan team splits into two pairs where Cecchin and Boscolo
continued to develop their systemic ideas in clinical work, the concept of neutrality also took a
different form. Along with the movement into post–modernism,

Mat 540 Week 2 Npv
WEEK 2 NPV, PBP, IRR, EAC( equivalent annual cash flow)
NPV: If NPV>0, accept the project [which are expected to add value to the firm], otherwise don't
bother.
Reminders
Rule 1: Only cash flow is relevant
Cash flow ≠ accounting income
In an income statement, profit is shown as it is earned rather than when the company and its
customers get around to paying their bills.
Cash outflows are sorted into two categories: 1) current expenses, deducted when calculating
income; and 2) capital expenses, depreciated over several years.
Always estimate cash flows on an after–tax basis; taxes should be discounted from their actual
payment date
Rule2: Estimate cash flows on an incremental basis
Do not confuse average with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
EAC: Equivalent Annual Cash Flow The cash flow per period with the same present value as the
actual cash flow as the project
Markowitz Portfolio Theory
Conditions:
1. If returns are normally distributed, expected return and standard deviation are the only two
measures that an investor need consider.
2. Combining stocks into portfolios can reduce standard deviation, below the level obtained from a
simple weighted average calculation.
3. Correlation coefficients make this possible.
4. The various weighted combinations of stocks that create this standard deviations constitute the set
of efficient portfolios.
The expected return of the portfolio: E(Rp)=w1E(R1)+w2E(R2)
The standard deviation of the portfolio: σp=w12σ12+w22σ12+w1w2ρ12σ1σ2
The key to diversification is ρ
The gain from diversification depends on how highly the stocks are correlated.
Unsystematic risk
1. Diversifiable risk; "Unique risk"; "Asset–specific risk"
2. Risk factors that affect a limited number of assets
3. Risk that can be eliminated by combining assets into portfolios
Examples: labour strikes, part shortages, etc.

Unsystematic risk
1. Diversifiable risk; "Unique risk"; "Asset–specific risk"
2. Risk factors that affect a limited number of assets
3. Risk that can be eliminated by combining assets into portfolios
Examples: labour strikes, part shortages, etc.
If ρ = 1.0, there is no gain in diversification. If ρ =−1.0, the portfolio would have no risk

Shadow Banking System Case Study
The Financial Stability Board (FSB) to improve recommendations to support the oversight and
instruction of the shadow banking system by mid–2011 in collaboration with other international
standard setting bodies. The FSB formed a task force to develop initial recommendations for
discussion that would set out potential approaches for monitoring the shadow banking system; and
explore possible regulatory measures to address the systemic risk and regulatory arbitrage concerns
posed by the shadow banking system.
The shadow banking system can be approximately defined as "the system of credit intermediation
that includes objects and activities outside the regular banking system". Its form is correlated to the
way in which the banking sector and the

Domestic Financial Stability And The Sovereign Bank Nexus
What about domestic financial stability and the sovereign–bank nexus?
Furthermore, the pickup in sovereign bonds demand by domestic banks when foreign investor
demand decreases does act as a stabilizing pillar for sovereigns. Overall reliance on domestic banks
for funding might be characterized as a low run risk, however, it could turn into a high one if there is
an accompanying increase in bank–sovereign nexus that could transfer into higher funding costs for
sovereigns and larger refinancing risk. This is exactly what was observed in the GIIPS countries of
Europe during the sovereign debt crisis. Sovereigns should therefore assess the motivations of such
domestic banks for increasing their holdings of their own sovereign bonds in order to assess the risk
of those banks as an investor base.
For instance, the share of sovereign debt held by banks in the Eurozone, in particular, has been more
than twice in 2013 compared to that of 2007. (Becker and Ivashina (2014a)) Such an observation is
evident despite the fact that European banks incurred substantial mark–to–market losses in 2009 on
their peripheral sovereign holdings (Greece, Italy, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, or so called "GIIPS")
and that in 2011 alone, banks on average lost 40 percent of their market value in an effort to increase
regulatory capital ratios. (Acharya and Steffen (2014)) At the same time, banks sovereign debt
portfolios have exhibited increased home bias. (Battistini et al. (2014); Acharya and Steffen

Application Of Ich Q9 As A Systemic Process For The...
Introduction
ICH Q9 (Quality Risk Management–QRM) is a systemic process for the assessment, control,
communication and risk review to the quality of the medicinal product. Application of QRM can be
done by both proactively and retrospectively. It was adopted by European Union and PIC/S‡ in
Annex 20 of EU and PIC/S GMP guides. In pharmaceutical industry, Quality System is important
criteria and QRM is a valuable component of an effective quality system.
The QRM should ensure that the evaluation of the quality risk is based on some criteria like
knowledge about science, experience with the different process and ultimately links to the protection
of patient. It also ensures the effort level, formality and documentation of the QRM process is
appropriate with the level of risk. Product quality should be maintained throughout the product
lifecycle such that the attributes as it is important to the quality of the drug product which remain
consistent with those used in the clinical studies. It can further ensure the quality of drug product to
the patient by providing a proactive means to identify and control potential quality issues during
development and manufacturing. It can facilitate better and more informed decisions, and can
beneficially affect the extent and level of direct regulatory oversight.
Guidance to ICH Q9 provides principles and tools for QRM which can be applied to different
aspects of pharmaceutical quality includes development, manufacturing, inspection and

Localised Scleroderma Case Study
Scleroderma is a broad term used to describe a spectrum of disorders identified by skin fibrosis
(Succaria, Kurban, Kibbi & Abbas, 2013). It is a serious condition that is classified as either being a
systemic or localised autoimmune disease of collagen tissue impacting both internal and external
organs (Oksel & Gündüzoğlu, 2014). Due to the vast divergency of this disease there will be brief
discussion on the various forms of both systemic and localised scleroderma however, the main focus
is to investigate findings based on localised scleroderma, delving into the knowledge of the
conditions with particular focus on the aetiology of the disease and its clinical features, followed by
differential diagnosis of how this condition can be misdiagnosed ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Abnormal immune function in both forms of scleroderma is defined as an alteration in cytokine
function and the activation of T–cells with the presence of auto–antibodies (Woo, Laxer & Sherry,
2007). IL–4 and IL–6 stimulate collagen synthesis by the activation of fibroblasts, increasing
production of collagen type I and III. Other factors that are thought to mediate fibroblast activation
include growth factors such as platelet–derived growth factor and connective tissue growth factors.
Additionally, the production of tissue inhibitors such as matrix metalloproteases has been noticeably
upregulated therefore, fibrosis is thought to be a result of not only the increased levels of collagen
production but also the decreased levels of cellular matrix turnover (Mayes, 2014). Localised
scleroderma will appear with dyspigmented, atrophic sclerotic lesions generally present on the
extremities, back, trunk, neck, head and scalp, where as the first manifestation present in systemic
scleroderma is oedema of the hands, causing restricted movement followed by skin

Cerebral Air Embolism Following Pigtail Catheter Insertion
Cerebral air embolism following pigtail catheter insertion
Abstract:
Pleural pigtail catheter placement associated with many complications including pneumothorax,
hemorrhage, and chest pain. Air embolism can rarely be a complication of pigtail catheter insertion
and has a high risk of occurrence with positive pressure ventilation (PPV).
Cerebral air embolism is a very rare complication but lethal. We report a case of patient of cerebral
air embolism as a complication of placement of pigtail pleural catheter placement while a patient on
(PPV).
Case presentation:
A 50 years old male who has bilateral pneumonia, was found to have pneumothorax while on
mechanical ventilation CPAP/PS mode. While placing the pigtail catheter, the patient ... Show more
Keywords:
Cerebral air embolism–Pigtail catheter–Pneumothorax– Chest Tube
Introduction:
Placement of a chest tube indicated for pleural effusion and pneumothorax. There have been two
kinds of chest tubes being used, including a Pigtail catheter and chest tube thoracotomy.
The pigtail catheter drainage is widely used as it is easier and less invasive
Cerebral air embolism is a rare complication that can be induced by pulmonary barotrauma, the
trauma of the chest or head and iatrogenic causes such as invasive procedures or surgery. This risk
increases if the patient is on positive pressure ventilation and while the pressure in the airway
increased.
We reporting a case of cerebral air embolism associated with pigtail catheter insertion for treatment
of pneumothorax in a patient who was on positive pressure mechanical ventilation.
Case Report:
This is a 50 years old male with no significant past medical history presented initially with shortness
of breath and hypoxia and was transferred to the ICU. He was treated for bilateral pneumonia that
required prolonged mechanical ventilation via a tracheostomy. He has necrotizing pneumonia and he
has been in the hospital for 6 weeks due to the development of multi–organ failure. He was weaned
from mechanical ventilation to the point he was tolerating a CPAP/PS mode. Later on, it was noticed
that he

Murray Bowen Differentiation Of Self
The term "Differentiation" refers to a developmental process when a skill becomes more
sophisticated and broken into subsets. According to Professor Murray Bowen, differentiation of self
is one's ability to separate one's own intellectual and emotional functioning from that of family. He
states, " The one most important goal of family systems therapy is to help family members toward a
better level of 'differentiation of self.'" Murray is saying that through family therapy, one can
develop their true self. He continues by saying that families are actually "stuck to" each other and
this background affects a person/people. Bowan talks about someone with "low differentiation" and
describes them as being sewn to family emotions. People with "low differentiation" depend more on
others for acceptance and approval. They either conform to others or attempt to force others to
conform to themselves. These particular people become more vulnerable to the deterioration of
stress. Having a well differentiated "self" is ideal in life. In family therapy, the "triangle method" is
often used. He states, "There was a different emphasis on the triangle between self and parents,
which is the most important primary triangle in life." The relationship with self and parents develops
a background that could change someone's life. Whenever two people are having issues with each
other, they may "triangle in" a third participant. Bowen clearly emphasizes this specific idea. He
says that anxiety is

The Current System Of Retention Elections
While H.B. 1336 is substantially better than the current system, it is not perfect. One shortcoming is
that it only applies to the appellate level courts, which means that the majority of judges in the state
will still be elected. While this is not ideal, cases decided by these elected judges can be appealed to
the appointed courts, which should mitigate the negative influence of elected judges. Also, from a
practical standpoint, requiring the nominating commission to review applications for local courts is
probably both inefficient and unnecessary. Ideally a second wave of reforms would eventually
establish regional nominating commissions and do away with judicial elections entirely, but it makes
sense to see how the proposal works on the statewide level before implementing a localized version.
Another shortcoming of the proposed plan is that maintains the existing system of retention
elections. Retention elections are special elections in which voters are asked whether or not the
incumbent judge should serve for another term. If the majority of votes are against the judge, a new
judge is appointed through the nominating process. While these elections are less than ideal, they are
better than several of their alternatives.
The major drawback of retention elections is that there is significant evidence that judges facing
retention elections are likely to be biased toward popular outcomes. According to one study,
"retention elections create pressure for judges to cater to

My Journey Within The Clinical Mental Health Program At...
Final Self–Evaluation
Although my journey within the Clinical Mental Health program at the University of Scranton has
come to an end, however, my journey to become a licensed professional counselor is still underway.
As I tie up loose ends by handing in time sheets and remaining assignments, I find myself in a
reflective peaceful space. As I look back over the years that I have spent within the program
perfecting my craft, I can't help but think that I am truly blessed. It is one thing to choose a career,
but it is another to answer a calling. I say with great conviction, that I am blessed to be called to
such a meaningful purpose. It is only by the grace of God that I can look back and see the person
that I have matured into, not only personally but professionally. I remain humble and grateful for the
opportunity, not only to reflect but, to have made it through this part of my journey. I started this
program excited, yet, full of self–doubt and now in my last semester, I can gladly report that I am
lesser of the two. Over the years, I have embraced challenges and endured self–doubt and it is
through my internship that I have felt growth in solidifying my self–confidence. With this developed
confidence I prepare to embrace the next chapter of my career with greater excitement and
enthusiasm.
This semester of internship has provided me with the opportunity to hone my skills, and similar to a
potter 's touch, smooth out and shape my growing edges. My goals for this semester

Lupus Erythematosus Research Papers
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus What is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus? Systemic Lupus
Erythematosus – otherwise known as lupus – is an inflammatory autoimmune condition and
typically affects women of reproductive age and causes joint pain. Other manifestations of the
disease include fatigue, rash, dry eyes/mouth, inflammation in other parts of the body, and blood cell
abnormalities. One of the most worrisome complications of lupus is kidney disease, which is a
common cause of dialysis dependence in young women. Lupus is also associated with an increased
risk of heart attack and stroke. Since this condition may have devastating complications and can
affect quality of life, it is important to become educated about its symptoms, diagnosis, and
treatment. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Tendons and bursa may also become inflamed, causing pain with joint movement. The joint pain in
lupus is usually worse in the morning and improves throughout the day. Inflammation of the lining
of the heart (pericarditis) or abdominal cavity (peritonitis) often results in chest pain and abdominal
pain, respectively. Patients with kidney involvement (lupus nephritis) may develop frothy urine,
swelling in the legs, and high blood pressure. Severe disease can lead to kidney failure. Patient with
lupus are also at increased risk for heart attack, stroke, and blood clots in the legs and lungs. How is
lupus diagnosed? Lupus is diagnosed based on the patient's symptoms, physical examination
findings, and laboratory tests. Your doctor will usually check a comprehensive metabolic panel to
evaluate your kidney and liver function. In addition, they will also typically check a complete blood
count, ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate), CRP (C–reactive protein), and complement levels.
Urine analysis is commonly ordered to evaluate for protein and other urine abnormalities. Women of
childbearing age are also tested with a urine pregnancy screen. Certain antibodies in the blood are
highly suggestive of lupus. These typically include: ANA (anti–nuclear

Summary Of Bryan Caplan 's Book, The Topic Of Rational...
The topic that I have chosen regarding Bryan Caplan's book is the topic of rational ignorance. Bryan
Caplan defines rational ignorance as a voter's belief that one vote has a small probability of
changing the outcome of an election. Several voters are rationally ignorant, myself included, which
after reading The Myth of the Rational Voter: Why Democracies Choose Bad Policies I have to ask
myself why even vote at all other than it is considered by some to be a civic duty. If voters are so
ignorant then it would be impossible for them to even make an attempt at an informed decision.
Informed decisions might be only reached by a small percentage of the population, but because of
the miracle of aggregation a democracy can work. According to Caplan aggregation can only work
if the voters do not make systematic errors (Caplan pg.7). That is their errors have to be random.
Caplan uses the analogy on page 7 that if the voters have the choice between a Unabomber and
another candidate the Unabomber will win only 50 percent of the time assuming there is 100 percent
voter ignorance (Caplan pg.7). However, in a democracy there is no such thing as 100 percent voter
ignorance so the Unabomber's chances of winning 50 percent of the time will drop even lower.
Systematically biased views are held by those voters who are considered to be rationally irrational.
To empirically prove the systematical biased views Caplan uses the results from the Survey of
Americans and Economists on the

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