This is a presentation given at IMT Ghaziabad to students of PGDM during knowledge sharing sessions.

1. Disruptive Technologies
Bohitesh Misra
Ex-Vice President – IT & BI
Simpa Networks
#CIO200 #EminentCIO
Bohitesh.misra@gmail.com

2. Disruptive Technologies

3. Disruptive Technologies
 Drones
 Green IT
 Smart dust
 DigitalTwins

4. What is Smart Dust?
 A tiny dust size device with extra-ordinary
capabilities.
 Often called micro electro-mechanical sensors
 Combines sensing, computing, wireless
communication capabilities and autonomous
power supply within volume of only few
millimeters.
 Useful in monitoring real world phenomenon
without disturbing the original process.

5. Cont…
 so small and light in weight that they can
remain suspended in the environment like
an ordinary dust particle.
 the air currents can also move them in
the direction of flow.
 It is very hard to detect the presence of
the Smart Dust and it is even harder to
get rid of them once deployed.

6. Smart dust
 Smart Dust entered the Gartner Hype
Cycle on EmergingTechnologies in
2003, and returned again in 2013 as the
most speculative entrant

7. INTRODUCTION
 Small wireless devices designed to monitor all types of
physical quantities such as:
 Temperature
 Humidity
 Motion
 Light Levels
 Pollution etc.
 Commercial name coined for dust size smart sensors.

8. INTRODUCTION
 Level of Integration: Integrates
 Transducers
 Processors
 Memories
 Solar powered Batteries
 Communication Interfaces on a single micro miniscule
silicon chip.
POWER SUPPLY
PROCESSOR
SENSORS
RECEIVER TRANSMITTER

9. Questions
 What Are Sensors?
A device that responds to a physical stimulus for eg. Heat
Light, sound, pressure, motion, flow etc and produces a
measurable Corresponding electrical signal is called a
sensor.
 What Are Smart Sensors?
Sensors which not only have the capability to respond to
a physical stimulus but also the ability to decide whether
the data is useful or not.

10. Questions
Smart Sensors
 Programmable
 Decision Making Capability
 Self Calibrating
 Plug-n-Play Operation
 Sophisticated & Complex
sensor systems are easy to
design
Traditional Sensors
 Not Programmable
 No processing power
 Custom Calibration
 Custom design
 Very difficult with
traditional methods
Why Smart Sensors?

11. ARCHITECTURE

12. Thin Film Battery
 Size = 1x1x1mm^3
 Storage = 1 Joule
 Material = Lithium ion

13.  Size = 0.25x0.25x0.25mm^3
 Capacity = 1 micro joule
 Material = Ceramic
 Used to provide high current when needed
for eg. For laser pulses
Power Capacitor

14.  Size = 1x1x0.1mm^3
 Generation Cap. = 1 joule/day/mm
 Material = Photosensitive compounds
 Used to power the smart dust unit
Solar Cell

15. Controller
 Size = 1x1x0.1mm^3
 Uses CMOS technology
 Analog cum digital controller
 Gives the dust mote the decision making
capability

16. Sensors
 Size = 0.5x0.5x0.1mm^3
 Incorporates many sensors on one interface

17. Passive Transmitter
 Called Corner Cube Retro-reflector (CCR)
 Size = 0.5x0.5x0.1mm^3
 Range =1Km
 Speed = 100kbps
 Modulates laser beam with the help of
movable mirrors & transmits it
Interrogating
Laser Beam

18. Active Transmitter
 Size = 1x0.5x0.1mm^3
 Range = 10Km
 Speed = 10Mbps
 Uses laser diode to produce carrier beam.

19. Receiver
 Size = 1x0.5x0.1mm^3
 Consists of photodetector and receiver
circuitry
 Demodulates the incoming signal and
separates the useful information from carrier
& noise

20. Networked Smart Dust Sensors
DISTRIBUTED SENSOR NETWORKS

21. DISTRIBUTED SENSOR NETWORKS
 Controller Nodes:
◦ Consists of:
 Processor
 Memory
 Network Interface
 I/O devices to communicate with the users
◦ Used to:
 Collect information from sensor nodes
 Program the sensor nodes
 Provide feedback to the user

22. APPLICATIONS
 Military Applications
◦ Battlefield surveillance
◦ Detection
◦ Classification &
◦ Tracking of enemy
vehicles.

23. APPLICATIONS
 Dust Particles can
be spread by
Unmanned Air
Vehicles (UAVs)
 Data can be
collected by
sending the same
aircraft over that
area

25. APPLICATIONS
 INVENTORY CONTROL
◦ The carton talks to the box
◦ The box talks to the palette
◦ The palette talks to the truck
◦ The truck talks to the warehouse
◦ and the truck and the warehouse talk to the
internet.
 Know where your products are and what shape
they're in any time, anywhere.

26. APPLICATIONS
 ENVIRONMENTAL
APPLICATIONS
◦ Habitat Monitoring
 Eg ZebraNet(Princeton)
◦ Weather sensing
 Estuarine environmental
and observation &
forecasting system
(EEOFS)

27. APPLICATIONS
 HEALTH APPLICATIONS
◦ Tracking and monitoring of doctors and patients
inside the hospitals.
◦ Personal health monitor application running on a
PDA receives and analyzes data from a number
of sensors (e.g., ECG, EMG, blood pressure,
pulse oxymeter)

28. APPLICATIONS
 AUTOMOBILES
◦ Accelerometers find the biggest use in automobiles,
mainly in airbag safety systems to detect the collision
impact and inflate the airbags to protect the
passengers.
◦ Measurement of Tyre pressure and its treading even
during motion.

29. CONCLUSION
 With the base technology of manufacturing ICs
already available in our country and just by
employing a little extra on micro-fabrication
technology the Indian firms can take the initiative to
conquer the world markets in this sector and take
India into a dominating position as in the IT sector.
 The employment of smart dust would mean better
measurement data, therefore a better control of
various industrial and non industrial parameters, and
thereby enhancing the standard of life in general.

30. Conclusion
 There are many ongoing researches on Smart
Dust, the main purpose of these researches is to
make Smart Dust mote as small as possible and to
make it available at as low price as possible.
 Soon we will see Smart Dust being used in varied
application from all spans of life.

31. Green IT

32. WHAT IS CLOUD COMPUTING?
 Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-
demand network access to a shared pool of configurable
computing resources like networks, servers, storage,
applications, and services.

33. Cloud Advantages
 Reduce spending on technology infrastructure. Maintain easy access to
information with minimal upfront spending. Pay as you go based on
demand.
 Globalize your workforce on the cheap. People worldwide can access
the cloud, provided they have an Internet connection.
 Reduce capital costs. There’s no need to spend big money on hardware,
software or licensing fees.
 Improve accessibility. You have access anytime, anywhere, making your
life so much easier!
 Minimize licensing new software. Stretch and grow without the need to
buy expensive software licenses or programs.
 Improve flexibility. You can change direction without serious financial
issues at stake.

34. Dark side of Cloud
• Gartner Report 2007: IT industry contributes 2% of world's
total CO2 emissions
• 1.5% of total U.S. power consumption is used by data
centers which has more than doubled since 2000 and costs
$4.5 billion

35. Sustainability and Green IT?
35
A pile of electronic waste on a roadside in Guiyu, China
Electronic waste in Guangdong, China As much as
4,000 tonnes of toxic e-waste are discarded eve
ry hour. Vast amounts are routinely and often ille
gally shipped as waste from Europe, USA and Jap
an to places where unprotected workers recover
parts and materials.

36. Clouds Impact on the Environment
 Data centers are not only expensive to maintain, but also
unfriendly to the environment.
 Carbon emission due to Data Centers worldwide is now
more than both Argentina and the Netherlands emission.
 High energy costs and huge carbon footprints are incurred
due to the massive amount of electricity needed to power
and cool the numerous servers hosted in these data centers.

37. Why is green computing needed in cloud?
 Cloud Data Centers consume excessive amount of
energy:
• A typical data center consumes as much energy as
25,000 households.
• The total energy bill for data centers in 2010 was over
$11 billion and energy costs in a typical data center
doubles every five years.

38. WHAT IS GREEN COMPUTING?
 Green computing is the environmentally responsible and
eco-friendly use of computers and their resources. In
broader terms, it is also defined as the study of designing,
manufacturing, using and disposing of computing devices in
a way that reduces their environmental impact.
 Green Cloud computing is envisioned to achieve not only
efficient processing and utilization of computing
infrastructure, but also minimize energy consumption.

39. Roads to Green Computing
 Green Use  Green Manufacturing
 Green Design
 Green Disposal
Four
domains
of
Green
Computing

40.  Green use is all about reducing the energy
consumption associated with the computing resources
and use them in an environmentally sound manner.
 Green Design - designing energy-efficient and
environmentally sound components, computers, servers,
cooling equipment, and data centers
 Green Manufacturing - manufacturing electronic
components, computers, and other associated
subsystems with minimal impact on the environment
 Green disposal deals with the issues of refurbishing
and recycling old computers and electronic equipment.

41. Cloud Providers Measures
Cloud service providers need to adopt measures to ensure
that their profit margin is not dramatically reduced due to
high energy costs.
 Amazon.com’s estimate the energy-related costs of its
data centers amount to 42% of the total budget that
include both direct power consumption and the cooling
infrastructure amortized over a 15-year period.
 Google, Microsoft, and Yahoo are building large data
centers in barren desert land surrounding the Columbia
River, USA to exploit cheap hydroelectric power.

42. 42
Green Computing Initiatives
 As part of a green strategy, IT organizations should assess which
tech manufacturers have taken an environmentally conscious
approach in their product design and are working to reduce their
carbon footprint in their manufacturing processes.
 Such practices include the implementation of energy-efficient
central processing units (CPUs), servers and peripherals as well as
reduced resource consumption and proper disposal of electronic
waste (e-waste).
 Enterprise Management Associates (EMA) recommends businesses
to implement a green computing solution not only to contribute to
the global environmental movement, but also to de-crease operating
expenses and boost profitability

43.  Lenovo has developed new energy-efficient LCD monitors that
reduce the number of lamps from four to two.
 Xerox has developed green printers that use solid ink, which produce
less waste because IT administrators no longer have to dispose of
toner cartridges.
 Hewlett-Packard’s DeskJet D2545 printer relies heavily on recycled
materials
 Recycled plastics account for 83 percent of the printer’s total plastic
weight, and it uses ink cartridges molded from recycled plastic resins.
The printer is also Energy Star certified and comes in 100 percent
recyclable packaging.
 Some tech manufacturers are trying to make their packaging 100
percent recyclable.
 Acer is reducing its use of plastic foam. Acer’s Aspire Netbooks ship
primarily in cardboard packaging.
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Green Computing Initiatives

44. Tips for Initiating Green Strategy
 Review your document on the screen instead of printing a draft. If you
must print a draft, use the blank back side of used sheets. It may be
possible to keep once-used paper in an extra tray in your printer.
 Print in Economic mode when you can this saves toner by printing
lighter on paper.
 Print duplex this saves paper.
 Only buy a monitor as large as you really need.Although a large monitor
might seem more attractive, you should remember that a 19-inch
monitor uses 40% more energy than a 17-inch monitor.Also, the higher
the resolution you buy, it needs more energy.
 Again, the biggest thing is turning off all equipment when you leave for
the day computers, monitors, copiers, printers, fax machines, etc.
 Change your default margins in MS Word—The current margin default
settings of 1.25" left/right and 1" top/bottom "eat up" a lot of usable
document space.
44

45.  Using Virtualization to Reduce Numbers of Servers
Virtualization is the technology, which allows companies’ business
application to be managed by independent host’s hardware.
 Where servers are typically underutilized, virtualization can be used
to carve up a single physical machine into a number of virtual servers.
 From a green perspective the net result is normally a substantial
reduced in power and air conditioning requirements saving energy,
money and thus reducing the carbon footprint of the server estate.
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Tips for Initiating Green Strategy

46. Drones

47. UAVs - Unmanned AerialVehicle

48. Their History:
 The first UAV was developed
in 1917 – it was a crude
motorized bomb
 They were developed for
risky military operations
 They are still mainly used in
the military, but they are also
used in weather field,
delivery, agriculture

49. Flight Controls
 Several systems to
be controlled
 Many of them are
simple, or can be
simplified for a
model
 Most on different
platforms

50. Benefits of UAVs
 Safety
◦ No pilot to be shot down
◦ Can fly into hurricanes or at low altitudes over
the ocean
◦ Little damage when they crash due to their light
weight
 Affordability
◦ 40 – 70% less than equivalent manned aircraft
 Advancement of science and controls

51. The future of UAVs
 Continued use in military and weather
applications
 Cargo and supplies transportation
 Interplanetary exploration
 Personal carrier
 Civilian transportation

52. DraganFly X6
$36,000.00
MicroDrone MD4-200
€ 50,000.00
Rotary
Mikrokopter
$ 3- $15k
DJI Phantom (<$1000)
What Drone Options are Available to
You?

53. Swinglet CAM
http://www.sensefly.com
FixedWing
Trimble-Gatewing
$ 20- $25 K
http://uas.trimble.com/
Precision Hawk

54. 3 D’s of UAV Use
Dull
 Persistence beyond manned capabilities
Dirty
 Poisonous/Radioactive Environments
Dangerous
 Anti-Access/Area Denial Operations

55. •Agricultural drone
•Delivery drone
•Micro air vehicle
•Miniature UAV
•Multirotor
•Passenger drone
•Quadcopter
•Unmanned combat aerial vehicle
UAV variety

56. Future of Farming ?????

57. How will UAV be used in a agriculture?
Crop monitoring (nutrient, water, pest)
Chemical applications
Crop & livestock inventory
management
Land & building management

58. Proposed Ag UAV Uses Being Conducted Now by Manned Aircraft &
Satellites
 Crop Sensing
◦ Crop condition assessment
imaging systems can be
used for pest detection.
◦ Airborne imaging systems
offer advantages over satellite
due to relatively low cost, high
spatial resolution, easy deploy-
ment and real time availability
of imagery for visual use. Nikon camera mounted on the step of an ag
aircraft. A GPS receiver and video monitor
integrated with the camera are mounted in the
cockpit.

59. Proposed UAV Uses Being Conducted Now by Manned Aircraft &
Satellites
 Aerial Imaging
◦ Software can be used to
perform basic image pro-
cessing and create pre-
scription maps for precision
application.
◦ UAS are another tool that
can collect these images
and data for precision ag
A color image acquired at 4,000 ft.AGL over a cotton field
infected with cotton root rot using an ag aircraft. On the
color image, healthy cotton plants have a dark green color,
whereas infected plants have a grayish tone similar to bare
soil.

60. UAVs Used for Aerial Application Purposes
 UAVs in Japan
◦ 90 percent of crop protection in
Japan is performed by UAVs (4
gallon RMAX helicopter)
◦ Average farm size in Japan is 1.5
hectares (3.7 acres), compared to
441 acres in the US.
◦ RMAX spraying speed 15 mph vs.
160 mph for a manned ag aircraft

61. Thank you !