Construction Management Jump Start Chapter 1 The Construction Industry * * Chapter 1 The Construction IndustryThis chapter introduces you to the construction industry and the opportunities that it offers. Here you will learn about the different industry sectors and the roles of the various participants in the construction process. * * The Scope of the IndustryConstruction is one of the nation’s largest industries accounting for approximately 9 percent of the gross national product. U.S. Department of Labor estimates that there are at least 880,000 construction companies employing 7.7 million people in the United States. Construction impacts the quality of life for every human being. Housing starts (which are identified by building permits issued) are one of the major economic indicators reflecting the overall health and direction of our economy. Walt Disney Concert Hall Los Angeles, CA Our Lady of Angels Los Angeles, CA * Historical Perspective Construction means, methods, and motivations have changed over the past 12,000 years. Let’s take a look at some of the world’s greatest construction accomplishments: Ancient Times Egypt and the Pyramids Greek Influence The Roman Empire The Middle Ages The Renaissance The Industrial Revolution The Age of the Skyscraper The 20th Century The Age of Technology * Ancient Times Construction industry can trace its roots back to at least the Stone Age, as early as 12000 BC. Common materials used: Mud Wood Stone Simple structures to protect from the rain, cold, heat, and snow. Simple shelter grew into planned settlements, villages, and cities. Dolmens in the Netherlands Skara Brae, Scotland 3180 BC-2500 BC * Egypt and the Pyramids Egyptians began to use stone as their primary building material. The Master Builder Concept that involved all three disciplines (architecture, engineering, and construction) embodied in one person. Code of Hammurabi First known building code recorded. 1792-1750 BC Dictated acceptable workmanship standards for the master builder Great Pyramids of Giza El Giza, Egypt Code of Hammurabi 1792-1750 BC * Greek Influence Greek master builders started to organize skilled stonemasons. Developed into the building trades concept, where a particular building skill is honed to a level of expertise associated with a master craftsman. Many beautiful temples made of marble and limestone. Greek influence can still be seen today in many modern buildings. Parthenon in Athens Athens, Greece White House Washington D.C. * The Roman Empire Early form of concrete was invented by the Romans. Consisted of a pastry, hydrated lime and pozzolan ash mixture made from rock. Romans began adding domes and arches to their buildings. First glass was also incorporated in the first century AD. Road construction was another high mark of the Roman Empire. Marcus Vitruvius Pollio wrote the first design and construction handbook around 40 BC. Road from the Roman Empire Rom.

1. Construction Management Jump Start
Chapter 1
The Construction Industry
*
*
Chapter 1
The Construction IndustryThis chapter introduces you to the
construction industry and the opportunities that it offers. Here
you will learn about the different industry sectors and the roles
of the various participants in the construction process.
*
*
The Scope of the IndustryConstruction is one of the nation’s
largest industries accounting for approximately 9 percent of the
gross national product.
U.S. Department of Labor estimates that there are at least

2. 880,000 construction companies employing 7.7 million people
in the United States.
Construction impacts the quality of life for every human being.
Housing starts (which are identified by building permits issued)
are one of the major economic indicators reflecting the overall
health and direction of our economy.
Walt Disney Concert Hall
Los Angeles, CA
Our Lady of Angels
Los Angeles, CA
*
Historical Perspective
Construction means, methods, and motivations have changed
over the past 12,000 years. Let’s take a look at some of the
world’s greatest construction accomplishments:
Ancient Times
Egypt and the Pyramids
Greek Influence
The Roman Empire
The Middle Ages
The Renaissance
The Industrial Revolution
The Age of the Skyscraper
The 20th Century
The Age of Technology
*
Ancient Times

3. Construction industry can trace its roots back to at least the
Stone Age, as early as 12000 BC.
Common materials used:
Mud
Wood
Stone
Simple structures to protect from the rain, cold, heat, and snow.
Simple shelter grew into planned settlements, villages, and
cities.
Dolmens in the Netherlands
Skara Brae, Scotland
3180 BC-2500 BC
*
Egypt and the Pyramids
Egyptians began to use stone as their primary building material.
The Master Builder
Concept that involved all three disciplines (architecture,
engineering, and construction) embodied in one person.
Code of Hammurabi
First known building code recorded. 1792-1750 BC
Dictated acceptable workmanship standards for the master
builder
Great Pyramids of Giza
El Giza, Egypt
Code of Hammurabi
1792-1750 BC
*

4. Greek Influence
Greek master builders started to organize skilled stonemasons.
Developed into the building trades concept, where a particular
building skill is honed to a level of expertise associated with a
master craftsman.
Many beautiful temples made of marble and limestone.
Greek influence can still be seen today in many modern
buildings.
Parthenon in Athens
Athens, Greece
White House
Washington D.C.
*
The Roman Empire
Early form of concrete was invented by the Romans.
Consisted of a pastry, hydrated lime and pozzolan ash mixture
made from rock.
Romans began adding domes and arches to their buildings.
First glass was also incorporated in the first century AD.
Road construction was another high mark of the Roman Empire.

5. Marcus Vitruvius Pollio wrote the first design and construction
handbook around 40 BC.
Road from the Roman Empire
Roman Coliseum (70-80 AD)
Rome, Italy
*
The Middle AgesAround 900 AD, the Roman Catholic Church
revitalized stone construction building churches and cathedrals
throughout Europe.
Craft training and education became a major focus.
Craft guilds were organized and the two most important
building trades were:
Three distinct stages of ability:MasterJourneymanApprentice
Nidaros Cathedral
Trondheim, Norway
13th Century Church
Ócsa, Hungary
*
The Renaissance
Master builder began to be questioned as the most efficient way
to build.
Leone Battista Alberti
Considered by many to be the precursor to the modern-day
architect.
Argued that he could create the drawings and models as a way
to direct master craftsmen without actually being involved in
the building process.
Leone Battista Alberti
1404-1472

6. *
The Industrial RevolutionBuilding science as a discipline began
to emerge
Various building professions took increasingly defined roles:Art
of ArchitectureScience of EngineeringCraft of the Building
Process
Cast iron and wrought iron became the building materials of
choice.
New machinery and equipment were also being invented to
support buildings.
Iron Bridge at Coalbrookdale
First cast-iron bridge built in 1779
Ironbridge Gorge, England
*
The Age of the Skyscraper
During the late 1800s, production of steel and electricity took
off.
Steel framing replaced iron framing and allowed for high-rise
building.
Portland cement and reinforced concrete were invented.
Glass became mass-produced and used to clad many of the new
building frames.
E.G. Otis invented the first passenger elevator.

7. Empire State Building
New York City
Home Insurance Building
Chicago, IL
First Skyscraper (1885)
*
The 20th CenturyConstruction boom in the United StatesLed to
need for housing, industry, and infrastructure.
Building codes, standards, and specifications were established
to help regulate and control the quality of materials and
methods.
In 1965, representatives from nine universities met in Florida to
form the Associated Schools of Construction (ASC)
Today there are approximately 120 four-year colleges and
universities listed with ASC.
Associated Schools of Construction
Golden Gate Bridge
San Francisco, CA
*
The Age of Technology
Computer technology advancing to aid construction:
Estimating Software
Scheduling Software
Project administration
Building Information Modeling (BIM)

8. A digital representation of the physical and functional
characteristics of a building displayed as a 3D model
Added capability to integrate a whole array of design and
construction data
BIM model showing the complexity of the mechanical units of a
building.
*
Industry Sectors
Each sector is characterized by different means, methods, and
materials of construction. There are five basic sectors of the
industry:
Residential Building
Commercial Building
Heavy Civil Construction
Industrial Construction
Environmental Construction
*
Residential BuildingAddresses the housing needs of a society.
Housing construction takes many forms:Individual
homesApartmentsCondominiumsTownhousesPrefabricated units
Relatively low-tech in terms of means and methods. Hammers,
nails, drills, and saws make up the primary tools and equipment
needed.
Building materials are typically wood products such as lumber

9. and plywood.
Typical Housing Tract
Wood Framing
*
Commercial Building
Addresses the needs of commerce, trade, and government.
Makes up about a third of the total construction market.
Special construction processes are utilized in the building of
commercial buildings. Examples:
Ironworkers, pipefitters, and glaziers.
Three basic building materials associated with commercial
construction:
Steel
Concrete
Glass
Commercial Buildings can often be complex and require special
contractors.
Commercial buildings are typically funded by corporations,
agencies, or the government
*
Heavy Civil ConstructionOften referred to as horizontal
construction, heavy civil sector includes:Roadways, bridges,
tunnels, dams, airports, and railways
Equipment and equipment operators play a huge role in the
work of a heavy civil project.
Asphalt, gravel, concrete, sand, and dirt make up the primary
materials used in heavy civil construction.
Typically publicly funded projects and tend to last a long time.

10. Equipment plays a major role in the heavy civil sector
Heavy civil construction is the least affected by economic
fluctuations.
*
Industrial Construction
Highly specialized sector that requires firms with vast resources
and engineering expertise.
Industrial buildings are often very basic in their exterior design.
The installation of equipment makes up a big piece of the
industrial construction process
Primary components:
Steel
Concrete
Reinforced concrete masonry
Specialized equipment
Industrial buildings often house specialized equipment,
machinery, or process piping.
Often huge facilities that take many years to complete. Funding
usually comes from private sources.
*
Environmental ConstructionComprised of projects that improve
the environment, maintain public health, and contribute to a
community’s quality of life.
There is a great deal of earth moving and site work that usually
takes place. Along with trenching, pipe laying, tunneling, and
other means of excavation.
In addition to a combination of commercial, industrial, and
heavy civil materials, specialized materials such as pumps,

11. valves, filters, membranes, and aerators are required this sector.
Lots of time will be spent dealing with governmental and
regulatory agencies.
Often publicly funded projects.
*
The Project Players
Primary Players:
Owners
Design Professionals
Construction Professionals
Secondary Players
*
OwnersDriving force behind the construction industry.
Two basic types of owners:
Public OwnersTypically government agencies
Private Owners
*
Public owners can vary from federal government, state
government, or even city municipals.
Private owners can vary from home
owners to businesses.

12. Owners
After determining need and deciding to build, the owner is
accountable for four primary duties:
Developing the program and outlining the needs and
requirements of the end users.
Determining the quantity, extent, and character of the project by
defining the scope of work.
Creating the overall budget for the project, including land
acquisition (if necessary), development, design, and
construction costs.
Providing the funding for the project and making periodic
payments to the designers and the contractor.
*
Design Professionals
Two types of professional designers are engaged in the
construction process:
Architects deal with the function, life safety issues, and
aesthetics of the building.
Engineers deal with the systems.
*
Design Professionals
Primary responsibilities of the designers:
Assisting the owner in developing the facility program and

13. determining end user needs and requirements.
Advising the owner regarding the image and character of the
facility and establishing broad design goals.
Assisting the owner in selecting products to fit the program and
the budget.
Advising the owner on special and aesthetic issues and
generating graphic solutions to problems.
Developing the final building plans, construction details, and
specifications
*
Construction ProfessionalsResponsible for all construction
activities.
Constructor’s job: Interpret the plans and specifications and
prepare cost estimates and time schedules to meet the
requirements of the owner.Determine and implement the best
construction practices, means, and methods to satisfy the
owner’s requirements for time, cost, and quality.Oversee and
manage all of the construction operations into a single, safe
coordinated effort.
*
Secondary Players
First-Level Players
Includes subcontractors, material suppliers, and equipment
vendors.
This layer directly influences the outcome of a job. This level
often has contractual connections to either the construction
professionals or design professionals.
*

14. Secondary Players
Second-Level Players
Includes insurance companies, utility companies, bonding
companies, building code officials, zoning, labor unions, and
manufacturers.
This level has no contractual connection or obligation to any of
the three primary parties.
*
Secondary Players
Third-Level Players
Includes the courts and attorneys, local government, state and
federal government, trade associations, education and training,
bankers, and others.
This level does influence construction projects on a regular
basis.
*
An Industry in Transition
The construction industry has changed its image around through
various construction associations:
Associated General Contractors (AGC) has developed an
exciting campaign called Construction Futures to help inform
and educate youngsters about the career opportunities the

15. construction industry has to offer.
*
An Industry in Transition
The construction industry has changed its image around through
various construction associations:
National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) created a
public service campaign called Home Builders Care to
recognize contractors who have contributed millions of dollars
in cash, building materials, supplies, and countless volunteer
hours to community charities through local community service
projects.
*
An Industry in Transition
The construction industry has changed its image around through
various construction associations:
Associated Builders and Contractors (ABC) initiated the
ABCares to recognize chapters that contribute significantly to
their communities.
*
The Industry Image
Globalization
In the late 1970s, 80 percent of the world’s construction was
being built in the United States. In 1997, 80 percent of the
world’s construction was occurring on foreign soil.

16. Engineering News Record (ENR) is the only weekly
construction magazine that reaches a global audience.
*
The Industry Image
Sustainability
In recent years, a voluntary, market-driven building-ratings
system called the Leadership on Energy and Environmental
Design (LEED) program has been developed.
*
The Industry Image
Efficiency
In 1993, a group of contractors started to apply lean principles
to the construction industry.
Lean principles stemmed from the manufacturing industry with
principles focusing on creating more value for customers with
less work and the elimination of waste.
*
Career Opportunities
Employment Opportunities

17. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, excellent
employment opportunities are expected for construction
managers through 2016.
The number of construction management jobs is expected to
increase by about 16 percent compared to 11 percent for all
industries combined.
*
Career Opportunities
Education Offerings
The ideal construction management candidate is typically an
individual who has a bachelor’s degree or higher in construction
management, construction engineering, or construction science.
The Associated Schools of Construction (ASC) lists about 120
colleges and universities offering four-year accredited degree
programs.
*
Personal Affiliation and Certification
The American Institute of Constructors
The AIC helps individual contractors who meet the
requirements to achieve professional status through an
examination and certification program.
The AIC is the certifying body for the designation of Certified
Professional Constructor (CPC) and Associate Constructor
(AC).
*

18. Personal Affiliation and Certification
The Construction Management Association of America
The CMAA is dedicated to promoting the professional practice
of construction management.
The organization welcomes members from all construction and
design disciplines as well as owners and various service
providers to the industry.
The CMAA offers certification through its Certified
Construction Manager (CCM) program.
*
ExerciseGet with a partner or group Visit an industry
organization or personal certification website from the lecture
or other industry organizationIdentify the purpose of the
organizationIdentify the type of membersWhat organization are
you a member of or would like to become a member.
*