1. English writing
english multi-part question and need an explanation and answer to help me learn.
Your goal, as a peer reviewer, is to offer the author suggestions to improve the paper. Your
job is not to grade the paper. You should plan on reading the paper you are peer-reviewing
at least twice.
Do not discuss whether you do or do not agree with what the author is saying (so, do not
discuss your own opinion on their topic). Focus purely on their argument.
Also, please do not offer feedback on spelling, grammar, or writing style. You may offer your
paper to others on Yellowdig for this kind of feedback but this is not the goal of the
assignment. The only stylistic question here has to do with citations.
Your peer review must answer ALL of the following questions.
You may exchange kind hellos and encouragement here (please do-you all have done a lot of
work!), as well as ask additional questions/comments (please make it clear that these are
not part of the required questions).
1. Thesis:
1a) Quote what you understand the thesis to be.
1b) Assess the thesis both as you are reading the paper for the first time, and after you have
read the paper. Do you have any suggestions for how to improve the clarity of the thesis?
2. Scope/Completeness:
2a) If the author wants to make their paper shorter, what should they cut?
2b) If the author wants to make their paper longer without changing their thesis, what
should they add?
3. Ethical Approach
3a) What ethical approach(es) does the author use?
3b) Does the author fully, clearly, and correctly explain the ethical approach(es) as you
understand it?
3c) Is it clear how this ethical approach applies to the issue they are discussing?
4. Argumentation:
4a) Are there any areas of the paper that are confusing? What part of the paper was the
hardest for you to understand?
4b) How is the organization of the paper? Should any paragraphs or sentences be moved
around so that the paper is more clear?
2. 4c) If an objection is offered, can you see how someone would agree with the objection?
If an objection is not offered, offer an objection to the argument. This could be:
How could someone argue against what the author is saying?
How could someone disagree with the thesis?
How could someone come to a different conclusion about this issue?
5. Sources
5a) State what you understand the sources of the paper to be.
5b) Is it clear how the author is using their two sources in a substantive way? Do these
sources help convince you of the argument they are making?
5c) Are the sources cited correctly?
5d) Should other information in the paper that is not cited be cited? (That is, does your
author offer a fact or definition but not say where it is from?)
6. Clarity/Logic
6a) Does the author give us the background you need to understand the issue they are
discussing?
6b) Are any terms used that you think it would be helpful for the author to define?
7. Other feedback
7a) What do you think is the strongest section or argument of the paper?
I attactched the paper below!
Requirements: as much as needed answer all questions
Wallman1Chelsea WallmanProfessor Rachel Levitt AdesPHI 306: Applied Ethics10
February 2023"Is it ethical for a woman to have the right to choose whether or not to have
an abortion?"By accepting the idea that women have the right to choose whether or not to
have anabortion, it is likely that more women will have access to safe and legal abortion
services,reducing the number of dangerous and illegal abortions performed. This can lead
to improvedhealth outcomes for women and a reduction in maternal mortality rates. It is
also likely that, withthe acceptance of abortion rights, women will have greater control over
their own bodies andreproductive health, leading to improved equality and empowerment
for women. An unlikely butpossible outcome of accepting the right to choose is that some
women may use abortion as aform of contraception, leading to a reduction in overall
population growth. An unlikely butpossible outcome of accepting the right to choose is that
it could lead to a culture where life isnot valued, leading to an increase in other forms of
violence and disregard for human life.By rejecting the right to choose, it is likely that
women will not have access to safe andlegal abortion services, leading to an increase in
dangerous and illegal abortions, and potentiallyputting women's health and lives at risk. It
is also likely that, without the right to choose, womenwill have limited control over their
own bodies and reproductive health, leading to a reduction inequality and empowerment
for women. An unlikely but possible outcome of rejecting the right tochoose is that the
number of unwanted pregnancies and overpopulation could decrease, leadingto a reduction
in poverty and strain on resources. An unlikely but possible outcome of rejecting
Wallman2the right to choose is that some women may still seek illegal and dangerous
3. means of obtainingan abortion, leading to an increase in maternal mortality rates.Abortion
is one of the most controversial and divisive issues in society today, withpassionate
advocates on both sides of the debate. Despite this, however, the reality is thatabortion is a
medical procedure that has been performed for centuries, and continues to beperformed
even in countries where it is illegal. In this essay, we will argue that abortion shouldbe
legalized, and that doing so would have a number of important benefits for both women
andsociety as a whole.One of the most important reasons why abortion should be legalized
is that it is a matterof reproductive freedom. Women have the right to control their own
bodies and make decisionsabout their own health and well-being, and this includes the right
to have an abortion if they sochoose. This right to reproductive freedom is enshrined in a
number of international humanrights treaties, including the International Covenant on Civil
and Political Rights, which statesthat "the right of men and women of marriageable age to
marry and to found a family shall berecognized" (United Nations, 1966, para. 23). This
means that women have the right to decidewhen and if they want to become pregnant and
have a child, and that they should not be subjectto government restrictions or regulations
that would infringe on this right.Another important reason why abortion should be
legalized is that it is a matter of publichealth. Illegal abortion is a major cause of maternal
mortality and morbidity, and it is estimatedthat each year, tens of thousands of women die
as a result of unsafe abortion procedures (WorldHealth Organization, 2011). When abortion
is illegal, women are often forced to seek out unsafeand unregulated abortion services,
which can lead to serious health complications and even
Wallman3death. By legalizing abortion and regulating it as a medical procedure, it becomes
possible toreduce the number of unsafe abortions and improve women's health outcomes.In
addition to these important health and reproductive freedom considerations, there isalso a
strong economic case for legalizing abortion. A study by the Guttmacher Institute foundthat
in countries where abortion is illegal, women are more likely to have
unintendedpregnancies and are less likely to receive adequate prenatal care, which can lead
to increasedcosts for both the health care system and society as a whole (Guttmacher
Institute, 2018). Bylegalizing abortion and providing access to safe and affordable abortion
services, it is possible toreduce unintended pregnancy rates and improve health outcomes,
which in turn can result insignificant cost savings for both the health care system and
society as a whole.Despite these compelling arguments in favor of legalization, there are
also many whoremain opposed to abortion, often for religious or moral reasons. However,
the fact is that manywomen choose to have abortions for a variety of reasons, and it is not
the role of the governmentto dictate women's reproductive decisions. In this regard, it is
important to consider theperspectives of women who have had abortions, as well as the
experiences of women who havebeen affected by restrictive abortion laws.In a study
conducted by the National Abortion Federation, a professional organization ofabortion
providers, it was found that the majority of women who have had abortions do sobecause
they are not in a position to provide a child with the kind of life they would want
to(National Abortion Federation, 2018). This may be because they are not financially stable,
are inan abusive relationship, or are facing other personal challenges that make it difficult
for them toraise a child. For these women, having an abortion is not a decision that is taken
4. lightly, but is
Wallman4instead a difficult choice that they make in order to improve their own lives and
the lives of theirfamilies.Furthermore, there are also many women who have been affected
by restrictive abortionlaws and have had to face the consequences of not being able to
access safe and legal abortionservices. A study by the Center for Reproductive Rights found
that in countries where abortion isillegal, women are often forced to seek out unsafe and
unregulated abortion services, which canlead to serious health complications and even
death (Center for Reproductive Rights, 2020).Additionally, restrictive abortion laws often
result in women being subjected to discriminatoryand punitive treatment, including
imprisonment and other forms of punishment (Human RightsWatch, 2019). These realities
demonstrate the important need to legalize abortion in order toensure that women have
access to safe and legal abortion services, and are protected fromdiscrimination and other
harmful consequences of restrictive abortion laws.In conclusion, there are a number of
compelling reasons why abortion should belegalized. The legalization of abortion is
essential for protecting women's reproductive rights,improving public health outcomes,
and reducing costs to both the health care system and societyas a whole. It is also important
to consider the experiences and perspectives of women who havehad abortions, as well as
those who have been affected by restrictive abortion laws. The right tomake decisions about
one's own reproductive health and well-being is a fundamental humanright, and women
should not be subject to government restrictions or regulations that infringe onthis right. By
legalizing abortion, it is possible to ensure that women have access to safe andaffordable
abortion services, and are protected from the dangerous and unregulated
abortionprocedures that often result from restrictive laws. Ultimately, legalizing abortion is
an important
Wallman5step towards achieving greater equality and empowering women to control their
own lives andfutures.
Wallman6References(2023)“An Overview of Abortion Laws”Guttmacher
Institute.https://www.guttmacher.org/state-policy/explore/overview-abortion-
laws(2022)"Q&A: Access to Abortion is a Human Right"Human Rights
Watch.https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/06/24/qa-access-abortion-human-
right(1966)“International Covenant on Civil and PoliticalRights”United
Nations.https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-
covenant-civil-and-political-rights(2018)“2018 Annual Report”National Abortion
Federation.https://prochoice.org/about/annual-reports/2018-annual-report/(1992)
Center for Reproductive Rights.https://reproductiverights.org
"Is it ethical for a woman to have the right to choose whether or not to have anabortion?"By
accepting the idea that women have the right to choose whether or not to have anabortion,
it is likely that more women will have access to safe and legal abortionservices, reducing the
number of dangerous and illegal abortions performed. This canlead to improved health
outcomes for women and a reduction in maternal mortalityrates. It is also likely that, with
the acceptance of abortion rights, women will havegreater control over their own bodies
and reproductive health, leading to improvedequality and empowerment for women. An
unlikely but possible outcome of acceptingthe right to choose is that some women may use
5. abortion as a form of contraception,leading to a reduction in overall population growth. An
unlikely but possible outcome ofaccepting the right to choose is that it could lead to a
culture where life is not valued,leading to an increase in other forms of violence and
disregard for human life.By rejecting the right to choose, it is likely that women will not
have access to safe andlegal abortion services, leading to an increase in dangerous and
illegal abortions, andpotentially putting women's health and lives at risk. It is also likely
that, without the rightto choose, women will have limited control over their own bodies and
reproductivehealth, leading to a reduction in equality and empowerment for women. An
unlikely butpossible outcome of rejecting the right to choose is that the number of
unwantedpregnancies and overpopulation could decrease, leading to a reduction in poverty
andstrain on resources. An unlikely but possible outcome of rejectingWallman 1the right to
choose is that some women may still seek illegal and dangerous means ofobtaining an
abortion, leading to an increase in maternal mortality rates.Abortion is one of the most
controversial and divisive issues in society today, withpassionate advocates on both sides of
the debate. Despite this, however, the reality isthat abortion is a medical procedure that has
been performed for centuries, andcontinues to be performed even in countries where it is
illegal. In this essay, we willargue that abortion should be legalized, and that doing so would
have a number ofimportant benefits for both women and society as a whole.One of the most
important reasons why abortion should be legalized is that it is a matterof reproductive
freedom. Women have the right to control their own bodies and makedecisions about their
own health and well-being, and this includes the right to have anabortion if they so choose.
This right to reproductive freedom is enshrined in a numberof international human rights
treaties, including the International Covenant on Civil and
Political Rights, which states that "the right of men and women of marriageable age tomarry
and to found a family shall be recognized" (United Nations, 1966, para. 23). Thismeans that
women have the right to decide when and if they want to become pregnantand have a child,
and that they should not be subject to government restrictions orregulations that would
infringe on this right.Another important reason why abortion should be legalized is that it is
a matter of publichealth. Illegal abortion is a major cause of maternal mortality and
morbidity, and it isestimated that each year, tens of thousands of women die as a result of
unsafe abortionprocedures (World Health Organization, 2011). When abortion is illegal,
women areoften forced to seek out unsafe and unregulated abortion services, which can
lead toserious health complications and evenWallman 2death. By legalizing abortion and
regulating it as a medical procedure, it becomespossible to reduce the number of unsafe
abortions and improve women's healthoutcomes.In addition to these important health and
reproductive freedom considerations, there isalso a strong economic case for legalizing
abortion. A study by the Guttmacher Institutefound that in countries where abortion is
illegal, women are more likely to haveunintended pregnancies and are less likely to receive
adequate prenatal care, whichcan lead to increased costs for both the health care system
and society as a whole(Guttmacher Institute, 2018). By legalizing abortion and providing
access to safe andaffordable abortion services, it is possible to reduce unintended
pregnancy rates andimprove health outcomes, which in turn can result in significant cost
savings for both thehealth care system and society as a whole.Despite these compelling
6. arguments in favor of legalization, there are also many whoremain opposed to abortion,
often for religious or moral reasons. However, the fact isthat many women choose to have
abortions for a variety of reasons, and it is not therole of the government to dictate women's
reproductive decisions. In this regard, it isimportant to consider the perspectives of women
who have had abortions, as well asthe experiences of women who have been affected by
restrictive abortion laws.In a study conducted by the National Abortion Federation, a
professional organization ofabortion providers, it was found that the majority of women
who have had abortions doso because they are not in a position to provide a child with the
kind of life they wouldwant to (National Abortion Federation, 2018). This may be because
they are notfinancially stable, are in an abusive relationship, or are facing other personal
challenges
that make it difficult for them to raise a child. For these women, having an abortion is nota
decision that is taken lightly, but isWallman 3instead a difficult choice that they make in
order to improve their own lives and the livesof their families.Furthermore, there are also
many women who have been affected by restrictiveabortion laws and have had to face the
consequences of not being able to access safeand legal abortion services. A study by the
Center for Reproductive Rights found that incountries where abortion is illegal, women are
often forced to seek out unsafe andunregulated abortion services, which can lead to serious
health complications and evendeath (Center for Reproductive Rights, 2020). Additionally,
restrictive abortion lawsoften result in women being subjected to discriminatory and
punitive treatment,including imprisonment and other forms of punishment (Human Rights
Watch, 2019).These realities demonstrate the important need to legalize abortion in order
to ensurethat women have access to safe and legal abortion services, and are protected
fromdiscrimination and other harmful consequences of restrictive abortion laws.In
conclusion, there are a number of compelling reasons why abortion should belegalized. The
legalization of abortion is essential for protecting women's reproductiverights, improving
public health outcomes, and reducing costs to both the health caresystem and society as a
whole. It is also important to consider the experiences andperspectives of women who have
had abortions, as well as those who have beenaffected by restrictive abortion laws. The
right to make decisions about one's ownreproductive health and well-being is a
fundamental human right, and women shouldnot be subject to government restrictions or
regulations that infringe on this right. Bylegalizing abortion, it is possible to ensure that
women have access to safe andaffordable abortion services, and are protected from the
dangerous and unregulatedabortion procedures that often result from restrictive laws.
Ultimately, legalizing abortionis an importantWallman 4step towards achieving greater
equality and empowering women to control their ownlives and futures.Wallman
5References(2023)“An Overview of Abortion Laws”Guttmacher Institute.
https://www.guttmacher.org/state-policy/explore/overview-abortion-laws(2022)"Q&A:
Access to Abortion is a Human Right"Human Rights
Watch.https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/06/24/qa-access-abortion-human-
right(1966)“International Covenant on Civil and PoliticalRights”United
Nations.https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-
covenant-civil-and-political-rights(2018)“2018 Annual Report”National Abortion
