The document discusses three key takeaways from articles on family temperament and peer groups: 1. It defines self-regulation as the ability to control one's behavior and thoughts, which allows parents and children to problem solve and maintain positive relationships. 2. It notes differences between Finnish and American parenting goals and styles, with Finnish parents exerting more control over children's activities. 3. It discusses three aspects of personality development influenced by temperament, environment, and social factors: traits recognizable at birth, genetic influences on behavior, and maturation trends in agreeableness and conscientiousness during early adulthood.

1. Discussion Reply Responses to 2 Classmates
Reply responses to 2 classmates, a minimum of 200 words in length each, begin with the
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example, rather than saying, “I couldn’t disagree more…” or “I think you are off here…” you
might begin your differing perspective by saying, “In reading your point(s) an alternative
came to mind …”. The first two openers can foster defensiveness while the last one invites
your classmate to consider a related but different perspective on his/her ideas. No
quoting:No quoting of published information is permitted on the Forums. The purpose of
the discussions is to share insights and learning based on engagement with assignment
materials. I will grade your discussions based on your ability to demonstrate the meaning
made of those materials and meeting assignment requirements, not the ability to piece
together quotes of what published authors already wrote.Classmate 1 Tunisia
ManuelLearning what feelings to desireOne take away is the socialization of emotion in
young children. This is important because children learn to express and regulate their
emotions in socially desirable and valued ways. Emotional signs are seen in infancy, but
most children show significant signs by age 3. Children are able to develop their own
understanding of their own emotions and recognize standar4ds and norms. Parents and
other peers, as well as culture shape their children ideal affect. Parents may expose their
children to specific practices, products, and institutions that reflect culturally valued affect.
Children may also learn which affective states to value through exposure to storybooks that
is why reading to children is important.The second take away is study 1. Study 1 predicted
that European American children preferred excited vs. calm smiles and exciting vs. calm
activities more than Taiwanese Chinese children. European American children were also
more likely to recognize the excited vs. calm smile as happier than were TC children. Asian
American children who were exposed to both American and East Asian cultures, fell in

2. between the two groups. These findings show that between group differences in ideal affect
can be observed in adolescent years. These differences are culturally learned and it is
fascinating to show the similarities as well as differences in each child through their cultural
norm.The third take away is Study 3. Study 3 they read children stories about excitement or
calm characters. They also examined their affective preferences like smiles, excitement,
gestures. And it found that across cultures, exposure to exciting vs. calm storybooks altered
children’s preferences for excited vs. calm activities and their perceptions of happiness.
These findings show that cultural differences in ideal affect may be due to differential
exposure to calm and exciting storybooks. This is an interesting study and my assumptions
were off so that was an important take away for me.Values and Display Rules for Specific
EmotionsThe first take away was the emotional display rules. The Display Rule Assessment
Inventory was used to measure emotional display rules. The version of the DRAI used asked
respondents to report what they believe they should do when experiencing seven emotions:
anger, contempt, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise toward each of the
interaction partners in a private setting and in a public setting by picking one of six possible
behavioral responses. It wants you to show more than you feel it, express it as you feel it,
show less than you feel it, show nothing, show the emotion while smiling at the same time,
and hide your feelings by smiling. The participants were also given other as a response
where they were asked to specify if their choice was not among the options listed. Twenty
four situations resulted by coupling each interaction partner with a private and with a
public setting. Additionally, two situations of oneself being alone in a private and a public
setting were included, which yielded a total of 26 situations. This is needed to get more
accurate findings and it gives more insight about using this test method.The second take
away is the findings that indicated that Americans recognized greater importance to
Conservation and Self-Enhancement than Germans because they placed greater emphasis
on Openness to Change and Self-Transcendence than Americans. These results still show
after controlling for demographic variables whose sample differences were not contributed
to cultural features. The individual level differences found make sense based on previous
American-German comparisons on the cultural level. They are also in line with other
American-German individual level comparisons. The sizes for the American-German
differences in values ranged from 0.48 to 1.21 showing the differences within Western
culture are substantial from the perspective of a contrast with prototypical collectivist
cultures. This view explains the differences in the West are small. The findings will raise
awareness for the differences within Western cultures. I love reading and learning about
other people cultures that differ from mine. It give insight on Western cultures and more
about diversity.The third take away is about emotions of anger and sadness. This finding is
showing that anger and sadness are vulnerable emotions. When people show anger it shows
what bothers them. When people convey sadness it comes off as a weakness. Showing
vulnerability contradicts the values of Self-Enhancement that Americans show more than
Germans. Expression and perception of anger may be seen as threatening the social order
because Americans valued Conservation more than Germans and it makes sense that the
expression of anger is more restricted in the United States than in Germany. Contempt and
disgust are emotions that people use to place themselves above other people. This matches

3. with Self-Enhancement values that Americans recognized more than Germans did. It makes
sense that American display rules that allow the expressions of contempt and disgust more
than German display rules. This finding matches previous research on attitudes toward
different emotions. Germans show disgust and contempt as an emotion they understand
least and Americans show anger, rage, shame, and the least. People understand those
emotions that are allowed to express the least. This stood out to me to read about the
differences in findings on Germans and Americans so I had to include it. The Germans and
Americans cultures and emotions are different and the hypothesis leaned more toward
hypothesis 3 in this findings.Classmate 2 Larketya SloanThe first article would be Family
Temperament, I choose three takeaways that are highlights of family temperament. I pick
self-regulations it defined the ability to keep control of self-behaviour and thought. This way
parents and children can find solution and know how to handle involvement during talking,
having positive mood, and keeping a good relationship between each other. Another one
parental goal, coming up in the new generation parents are not trying to accomplish
grounds of goals with their love ones as it was always done back in the days. What is lacking
good parents is more than obedience, it’s more than being a child’s friend. It is raising
children to have an understanding of why they do what they do and how to act
appropriately in situations. It is this understanding that eventually allows children to get
along on their own. Finnish and American citizens curiously, gender difference in activity
level and aspects of effortful control were limited to childrenhood. These different countries
stands out because Finnish parents are more control of what their children are doing and
consistent when it comes to teaching and discipline. American family they include actions
that are harmful to the physical, emotional, or social well-being of the child, the family
members, and others. They may interfere with the child’s intellectual development. As the
article In sum, based on Hofstede’s differential ranking of Finnish and American cultures of
individualism, masculinity, and uncertainty avoidance, we expected Americans to score
higher on surgency, especially its behavioral components and finns to score higher on
negative affect and effortful control.Peers GroupsPersonality development Personality is
what makes a person a unique person, and it is recognizable soon after birth. A child’s
personality has several components: temperament, environment, and character.
Temperament is the set of genetically determined traits that determine the child’s approach
to the world and how the child learns about the world. There are no genes that specify
personality traits, but some genes do control the development of the nervous system, which
in turn controls behavior. Social environment and behaviours The critical thinking exercises
have as their purpose the development of awareness of one’s beliefs and attitudes toward
social oppression in the society, especially of people with backgrounds that are diverse from
those of the mainstream. Personality maturation During early adulthood, individuals from
different cultures across the world tend to become more agreeable, more conscientious, and
less neurotic. Two leading theories offer different explanations for these pervasive age
trends: Five-factor theory proposes that personality maturation is largely determined by
genetic factors, whereas social-investment theory proposes that personality maturation in
early adulthood is largely the result of normative life transitions to adult roles. All three of

4. these has some type of contact when it comes to peer groups of helping to control of
behaviour and self development.