Dyslipidemia , high cholesterol, hyperlipidemia

1. DYSLIPIDEMIA
DR BIBEK RAJ PARAJULI

2.  High cholesterol occurs when there is too much or an
unhealthy balance of cholesterol in the blood.
 Body needs some cholesterol for healthy functioning but too
much is dangerous to your health.
 High cholesterol has no symptoms.
 The only way to find out if you have high cholesterol is to get
tested with a simple blood test known as lipid profile.
 High cholesterol is treated with lifestyle changes, dietary
changes, and medications.
 Untreated high cholesterol increases the risk for heart and
blood vessel disease, including heart attack and stroke.

3. Causes of High cholesterol:
 1 Eating high-fat or high-cholesterol foods
 2 Familial hypercholesterolemia: that is
inherited.
 3 Medical conditions: liver disease, diabetes,
Cushing’s syndrome, kidney disease, or an
underactive thyroid
 4 Medications: birth control pills, estrogen,
corticosteroids, some diuretics, and beta-
blockers
 5 Lifestyle factors: smoking, excessive
alcohol consumption, and lack of exercise
 6 Excess weight can increase your LDL
level.

4.  Both children and adults can have
high cholesterol.
 Cholesterol levels tend to increase
with age. For women, cholesterol
typically increases around
menopause.

5. Diagnosis:
 Our total cholesterol level can be identified with a
blood test called lipid profile. A total cholesterol of
200 mg/dl or lower is desirable and puts you at a
lower risk for heart disease. The higher your total
cholesterol, the greater your risk for heart
disease.
 Triglycerides are fats that are used to build
cholesterol. High levels of triglycerides can
contribute to heart disease. High Triglycerides is
also one of the cause of pancreatitis. Optimally,
you want your LDL results to be low, your HDL
rates to be high, and your triglyceride rates to be
low to reduce your risk for heart disease.

6. LIPID PROFILE
 A pattern of lipids in the blood. A lipid profile usually includes
the levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
cholesterol, triglycerides, and the calculated low-density
lipoprotein (LDL) 'cholesterol.
 Total cholesterol Normal less than 200
 Triglycerides less than 150
 LDL bad cholesterol less than 100
 HDL good cholesterol more than 40

7. Treatment:
 The goal of treatment for high
cholesterol is to lower cholesterol
levels into the healthy ranges to
reduce the risk of heart disease.
 High cholesterol is treated with
lifestyle changes, special diets, and
medications.

8. Lifestyle change:
 includes not smoking, losing weight,
maintaining a healthy weight, and
exercising regularly.

 Diet: eat a low fat, low cholesterol,
high fiber diet.

 Omega fish oil

9. Medication:
 If lifestyle and dietary changes alone do
not lower your cholesterol into healthy
ranges, your doctor will prescribe
cholesterol lowering medications.
 After being diagnosed with high
cholesterol, you will receive regular
monitoring by your doctor. Your doctor
will evaluate your cholesterol levels, the
effectiveness of your medications, and
check for any medication side effects.

10. THANK YOU