2. “Do
you
think
that
the
lifestyle
of
the
inhabitants
of
your
town
reflects
behaviour
that
is
in
line
with
the
concept
of
sustainable
development?
In
your
opinion
what
should
be
improved?”
3. InternaEonal
InsEtute
for
Sustainable
Development
(IISD).
Environment
Society
Economy
SUSTAINABILITY:
THE
CHALLENGE
“Sustainable
development
is
the
development
that
meets
the
needs
of
the
present
without
compromising
the
ability
of
future
generaEons
to
meet
their
own
needs”.
4. Madrid
Barajas
Airport
is
commiLed
to
a
sustainable
development
policy
which
has
achieved
a
80%
increase
in
the
recovery
of
hazardous
waste
in
2012
100%
recycling
of
waters
2012
industry
expenditure
on
environmental
protecEon
was
€2,348million
M-‐30
underground
has
achieved
the
reducEon
of
35.000
tons
of
CO2
Industry
environmental
expenditure
has
decreased
following
the
2008
recession
The
use
of
wind
power
in
Spain
has
significantly
increased
in
past
years
as
a
percentage
of
total
energy
use
91.7%
of
households
in
Madrid
recycle
hLp://www.aena.es/csee/ccurl/844/557/Madrid-‐GEST%20AMBIENTAL%202012_ingles_V4_OK.pdf
InsEtuto
Nacional
de
EstadísEca
Report
on
Sustainable
Development
2008.
hLp://www.connectedurbandevelopment.org/ciEes/madrid
hLp://elpais.com/elpais/2014/09/10/inenglish/1410347495_437248.html
ENVIRONMENT
-‐
FACTS
6. Metro
de
Madrid
• PromoEon
of
the
use
of
underground
by
improving
accessibility.
• ReducEon
of
road
congesEon.
• Rail
transport
has
low
C02
emissions
per
passenger
transported.
• Reform
of
faciliEes
underway
to
reduce
pollutant
atmospheric
emissions.
• More
than
3
million
people
travel
daily
on
the
metro
(almost
100%
of
the
city
populaEon).
HOV
Lanes
• More
passengers/vehicle.
• Increased
infrastructure
capacity.
• Reduced
congesEon
–
less
vehicles
on
the
road.
• Reduced
CO2
emissions
per
person.
• Reducing
travel
Eme
through
the
faster
HOV
lanes.
• Fuel
efficient
economy.
• The
HOV
lane
carries
59.3%
of
morning
peak
hour
travellers
vs.
40.7%
who
travel
on
the
main
roadway.
BiciMAD
• Network
of
electric
bikes
which
make
transportaEon
faster
and
safer,
aLracEng
users.
• Provides
and
encourages
an
environmentally
“clean”
method
of
transport.
• Outdoor
experience.
• Available
24
hours/day
at
a
small
cost.
• Usage
contributes
to
the
reducEon
of
CO2
emissions.
• Exercise
–
further
contribuEng
to
society’s
health.
hLp://www.metromadrid.es/es/conocenos/responsabilidad_corporaEva/Contribucion_Metro_a_la_Sostenibilidad/
hLp://www.dac.dk/en/dac-‐ciEes/sustainable-‐ciEes/all-‐cases/transport/madrid-‐changing-‐behaviour-‐towards-‐sustainable
-‐transportaEon/
hLp://www.bicimad.com
TRANSPORT
INITIATIVES
8. Households
• FacilitaEng
recycling
on
a
household
level
by
installing
several
recycling
barrels
per
neighbourhood.
• €250
fine
for
household
failure
to
recycle
or
incorrect
recycling
in
Madrid.
• 91.7%
of
households
in
2014
separated
waste
into
organic,
packaging
and
paper.
• Household
recycling
also
contributes
to
reducEons
in
air
polluEon.
AdverAsing
• Raising
awareness
about
the
benefits
of
recycling.
• Madrid’s
City
Hall’s
slogan
“do
not
hesitate
to
separate”.
• Community
of
Madrid’s
program
“Ecoescuelas”
aimed
at
promoEng
educaEon
on
ecologic
recycling.
• Large
Spanish
private
companies,
such
as
“Leche
Pascual”,
also
encourage
recycling
in
their
markeEng
strategies.
RECYCLING
INITIATIVES
hLp://www.lavanguardia.com/local/madrid/20140115/54398152084/madrid-‐multas-‐250-‐euros-‐no-‐reciclar-‐correctamente-‐basura.html
hLp://elpais.com/elpais/2014/09/10/inenglish/1410347495_437248.html
hLp://www.madrid.es/portales/munimadrid/es/Inicio/Ayuntamiento/Medio-‐Ambiente/Educacion-‐ambiental/Campaña-‐de-‐separacion-‐de-‐residuos-‐
hLp://www.madrid.org/cs/Satellite?pagename=ComunidadMadrid/Home
9. What
can
be
improved?
THE
ENVIRONMENT
Most
of
the
failure
to
separate
organic
and
non-‐organic
comes
from
improper
treatment
of
waste
once
collected.
Landfills
are
at
maximum
capacity
and
are
producing
huge
amounts
of
methane
which
contributes
to
the
greenhouse
gas
effect.
It
is
therefore
imperaEve
to
create
more
space
for
landfills
and
oversee
the
treatment
of
waste
for
its
correct
and
clean
processing.
Although
Madrid
has
an
efficient
metro
system,
which
itself
contributes
to
the
sustainability
of
the
city,
it
sEll
manages
to
be
flooded
with
people
at
peak
hours.
This
is
because
they
choose
the
metro
over
opEons
such
as
busses
or
carpools
on
congested
roads.
Consequently,
if
bus
transport
were
encouraged
more,
or
if
the
metro
system
capacity
were
to
be
expanded,
congesEon
might
be
reduced.
10. ECONOMY
-‐
FACTS
Tourism
plays
an
important
role
in
the
capital’s
economy.
In
fact,
the
World
Tourism
OrganisaEon’s
headquarters
are
located
in
Madrid
The
unemployment
rate
in
Madrid
is
around
20%
and
youth
unemployment
is
sEll
approximately
at
a
staggering
50%
hLp://www.tradingeconomics.com/spain/unemployment-‐rate
hLp://www.madrid.org/iestadis/
hLp://www.datosmacro.com/deuda/espana-‐comunidades-‐autonomas/madrid
hLp://www.muycomputerpro.com/2015/02/09/madrid-‐id
hLp://www.elconfidencial.com/empresas/2015-‐01-‐30/el-‐gobierno-‐da-‐hoy-‐luz-‐verde-‐a-‐la-‐operacion-‐chamarEn-‐que-‐creara-‐120-‐000-‐empleos_652176/
Debt
as
a
percentage
of
Madrid’s
GDP
reached
its
peak
in
June
2014
as
has
been
decreasing
since
€6
million
are
being
invested
in
the
largest-‐
scale
urban
development
project
in
Europe,
“OperaEon
Chamarvn”
in
Madrid.
The
rate
of
people
entering
the
workforce
in
2008
in
Madrid
was
0.8%
The
amount
of
investment
in
Research
and
Development
in
Madrid
has
increased
in
2015
to
over
€3
million,
which
will
bring
long-‐term
sustainable
benefits
to
the
city
11. PROBLEM:
Unemployment
• The
unemployment
rate
in
Madrid
is
around
20%.
While
one
of
the
lowest
in
Spain,
it
is
well
above
the
European
average
(11.4%).
• Youth
unemployment
is
sEll
approximately
at
a
staggering
50%,
giving
rise
to
a
“lost
generaEon”.
SOLUTION:
Tackling
Unemployment
at
its
Root
THE
ECONOMY
hLp://www.tradingeconomics.com/spain/unemployment-‐rate
12. SHORT-‐TERM
CHANGE
• Average
real
wages
decreased
for
the
first
Eme
since
the
2008
crisis
in
2012
given
lower
budgets.
A
higher
employability
effect
was
desired,
however
the
delay
in
response
to
higher
unemployment
has
miEgated
the
effect
of
the
change.
• Rise
in
the
expenditure
on
unemployment
benefits
given
rising
unemployment
following
the
crisis
in
order
to
be
able
to
provide
the
jobless
with
a
certain
level
of
income
to
live.
UNEMPLOYMENT
POLICY
UNIVERSITY
REFORMS
• Spain
has
suffered
from
40%+
youth
unemployment
three
Emes
in
the
past
30
years:
it
is
a
structural
issue.
• There
is
a
severe
mismatch
between
supplied
skills
and
demand
at
the
post-‐university
level.
• Policies
including
standardised
tests
aimed
at
reducing
Europe’s
highest
secondary
and
higher
educaEon
drop-‐out
rate.
• Reforms
including
the
internaEonalisaEon
of
educaEon
aimed
at
increasing
graduates’
presEge.
INDUCING
EMPLOYABILITY
• Severance
payments
were
reduced
from
45
to
33
days’
salary/year
of
service
in
order
to
give
employers
flexibility.
• Tax
breaks
for
employers
who
convert
fixed-‐term
contracts
into
permanent
arrangements.
• Employers
given
the
freedom
to
reduce
salaries
without
employee
consent
in
redundancy
situaEons.
• However,
the
effects
of
these
policies
have
not
been
enErely
successful
as
unemployment
remains
at
alarmingly
high
levels.
hLp://www.intereconomics.eu/archive/year/2013/4/865/
hLp://www.squiresanders.com/files/Event/bddeba0e-‐a202-‐49c4-‐9c58-‐d557e905893d/PresentaEon/
hLp://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2013/0517/Spain-‐s-‐controversial-‐educaEonal-‐reform-‐Will-‐the-‐Green-‐Tide-‐wash-‐it-‐away
hLp://www.obhe.ac.uk/newsleLers/borderless_report_june_2012/higher_educaEon_reforms_italy_spain
13. THE
ECONOMY
PROBLEM:
Lack
of
Investment
• The
2008
financial
crisis
has
crippled
domesEc
and
internaEonal
propensity
to
invest
in
Spain
and
Madrid,
in
turn.
• Low
investment
means
low
development
of
the
city.
SOLUTION:
Investment
Schemes
hLp://www.tradingeconomics.com/spain/unemployment-‐rate
14. INVESTMENT
SCHEMES
InternaAonal
Investment
• The
program
“Invest
in
Madrid”,
carried
out
by
the
Chamber
of
Commerce,
is
aimed
at
aLracEng
and
facilitaEng
internaEonal
investment
in
the
capital.
• The
campaign
managed
to
encompass
over
35
projects
in
its
initial
6
months.
• BeLer
economic
condiEons
have
led
foreign
investors
to
renew
their
investment
in
Madrid.
DomesAc
Investment
• Renewed
levels
of
investment.
• ParEcularly,
the
project
“Chamarvn
OperaEon”
has
been
categorised
as
the
largest
urban
development
scheme
in
Europe.
• It
will
renovate
the
Chamarvn
area,
currently
occupied
by
overground
train
faciliEes,
into
an
urban
area,
creaEng
parks
and
modern
infrastructure.
• The
“operaEon”
will
create
over
120,000
long-‐term
jobs.
hLp://www.invesEnmadrid.com
hLp://www.elconfidencial.com/empresas/2015-‐01-‐30/el-‐gobierno-‐da-‐hoy-‐luz-‐verde-‐a-‐la-‐operacion-‐chamarEn-‐que-‐creara-‐120-‐000-‐empleos_652176/#
15. What
can
be
improved?
THE
ECONOMY
Even
though
a
variety
of
measures
against
unemployment
have
been
carried
out,
the
amount
of
jobless
people
has
not
significantly
diminished.
Since
the
naturally
high
level
of
employment
in
Madrid,
and
in
Spain
as
a
whole,
is
a
structural
issue,
more
long-‐term
changes
need
to
be
made.
In
parEcular
it
is
fundamental
that
labour
flexibility
is
further
introduced,
for
example
by
reducing
severance
payments
further.
By
looking
at
labour
market
models,
such
as
the
American,
it
is
clear
that
more
dynamic
labour
law
leads
to
greater
employment
levels,
and,
ironically,
greater
sustainability
on
an
economic
level.
Another
criEcal
change
to
be
made
is
the
complete
reform
of
the
Spanish
educaEon
system.
A
wider
variety
of
subjects
to
study
at
university
need
to
be
introduced
in
order
to
reduce
supply-‐demand
mismatch.
Policies
to
reduce
dropouts
from
studies
are
also
necessary.
16. SOCIETAL
SUSTAINABILITY
Thousands
of
people
in
Madrid
are
forced
to
live
and
sleep
on
the
streets
Life
expectancy
for
the
ciEzens
of
Madrid
is
one
of
the
highest
in
the
world:
85
years
for
women
and
79
for
men
Primary
and
secondary
educaEon
up
to
the
age
of
16
in
Madrid
is
compulsory
and
free
3%
of
“Madrileños”
cannot
afford
to
eat
meat,
chicken
or
fish
every
two
days
26.8%
of
households
in
Madrid
suffered
from
vandalism
in
2013
Fundación
FOESSA:
VIII
report
on
exclusion
and
social
development
in
Spain.
hLp://www.madrid.org/cs/Satellite?pagename=ComunidadMadrid/Home
hLp://www.solidarios.org.es/que-‐hacemos/personas-‐sin-‐hogar/
17. PROBLEM:
Social
Exclusion
• 0.7%
of
the
Spanish
populaEon
is
homeless
or
lives
in
sub-‐standard
housing.
• For
a
growing
number
of
people,
the
food
in
garbage
bins
helps
make
ends
meet.
• Unequal
employment
and
educaEonal
opportuniEes
divided
by
neighbourhoods.
SOLUTION:
IniAaAves
pro-‐EducaAon,
and
Against
Homelessness
and
Hunger
SOCIETAL
SUSTAINABILITY
hLp://www.share-‐internaEonal.org/archives/homelessness/hl-‐cfSpain.htm
hLp://www.nyEmes.com/2012/09/25/world/europe/hunger-‐on-‐the-‐rise-‐in-‐spain.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0
18. EDUCATION
• Making
educaEon
more
accessible
for
opportunity
equality.
• Community
of
Madrid
iniEaEves:
by
taking
a
basic
course
in
“Formación
Profesional”,
ciEzens
of
all
backgrounds
can
be
re-‐
educated
for
employment
purposes.
• Primary
and
secondary
educaEon
is
mandatory
and
free
in
municipal
schools
across
the
capital.
HOMELESSNESS
• The
Community
of
Madrid
provides
shelter
homes
for
the
homeless.
• The
Community
of
Madrid
also
provides
shelter
for
those
in
a
situaEon
of
household
“urgency”
including
abuse.
• Volunteering
schemes
such
as
the
ONG
“Solidarios”
offer
the
homeless
company
and
someone
with
who
they
can
interact.
SOUP/FOOD
KITCHENS
• Abundant
free
food
services
are
available
in
Madrid,
both
provided
my
the
council
of
Madrid
and
by
non-‐for
profit
organisaEons.
• Some
organisaEons,
such
as
Caritas,
now
aLend
2.5
million
people
on
an
annual
basis.
• OrganisaEons
such
as
the
Order
of
Malta
serve
500
meals
daily
in
the
capital
alone.
• Numerous
voluntary
work
takes
place
in
these
kitchens.
hLp://www.madrid.org/cs/Satellite
hLp://www.solidarios.org.es/que-‐hacemos/personas-‐sin-‐hogar/
hLp://sociedad.elpais.com/sociedad/2014/09/29/actualidad/1411989045_795090.html
hLp://www.orderofmalta.int/latest-‐intervenEons/21323/the-‐order-‐of-‐malta-‐soup-‐kitchens-‐in-‐madrid-‐serve-‐500-‐meals-‐daily/?lang=en
SOCIAL
INCLUSION
19. SOCIETAL
SUSTAINABILITY
What
can
be
improved?
I
believe
that
in
respect
to
the
policies
in
place,
Madrid
works
hard
to
sustain
social
inclusion
and
enable
equity
between
its
peoples.
Apart
from
the
aforemenEoned
iniEaEves,
public
healthcare
is
provided
to
all
via
Social
Security.
However,
a
deeper
change
needs
to
occur
for
the
sustainability
and
PEACE
of
Madrid’s
society.
More
openness
must
be
achieved
for
there
to
be
greater
tolerance.
With
regards
to
innovaEon
and
change,
having
an
open
mind
will
enable
our
society
to
embrace
new
opportuniEes.
20. Sources
InternaEonal
InsEtute
for
Sustainable
Development
(IISD).
hLp://www.aena.es/csee/ccurl/844/557/Madrid-‐GEST%20AMBIENTAL%202012_ingles_V4_OK.pdf
InsEtuto
Nacional
de
EstadísEca
Report
on
Sustainable
Development
2008.
hLp://www.connectedurbandevelopment.org/ciEes/madrid
hLp://elpais.com/elpais/2014/09/10/inenglish/1410347495_437248.html
hLp://www.dw.de/madrid-‐air-‐polluEon-‐reaches-‐alarming-‐levels/a-‐16739363
hLp://www.metromadrid.es/es/conocenos/responsabilidad_corporaEva/Contribucion_Metro_a_la_Sostenibilidad/
hLp://www.dac.dk/en/dac-‐ciEes/sustainable-‐ciEes/all-‐cases/transport/madrid-‐changing-‐behaviour-‐towards-‐sustainable
-‐transportaEon/
hLp://www.bicimad.com
hLp://www.lavanguardia.com/local/madrid/20140115/54398152084/madrid-‐multas-‐250-‐euros-‐no-‐reciclar-‐correctamente-‐basura.html
hLp://www.madrid.org/cs/Satellite?pagename=ComunidadMadrid/Home
hLp://www.madrid.es/portales/munimadrid/es/Inicio/Ayuntamiento/Medio-‐Ambiente/Educacion-‐ambiental/Campaña-‐de-‐separacion-‐de-‐residuos
hLp://www.tradingeconomics.com/spain/unemployment-‐rate
hLp://www.datosmacro.com/deuda/espana-‐comunidades-‐autonomas/madrid
hLp://www.muycomputerpro.com/2015/02/09/madrid-‐id
hLp://www.elconfidencial.com/empresas/2015-‐01-‐30/el-‐gobierno-‐da-‐hoy-‐luz-‐verde-‐a-‐la-‐operacion-‐chamarEn-‐que-‐creara-‐120-‐000-‐empleos_652176/
hLp://www.intereconomics.eu/archive/year/2013/4/865/
hLp://www.squiresanders.com/files/Event/bddeba0e-‐a202-‐49c4-‐9c58-‐d557e905893d/PresentaEon/
hLp://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2013/0517/Spain-‐s-‐controversial-‐educaEonal-‐reform-‐Will-‐the-‐Green-‐Tide-‐wash-‐it-‐away
hLp://www.obhe.ac.uk/newsleLers/borderless_report_june_2012/higher_educaEon_reforms_italy_spain
hLp://www.invesEnmadrid.com
Fundación
FOESSA:
VIII
report
on
exclusion
and
social
development
in
Spain.
hLp://www.solidarios.org.es/que-‐hacemos/personas-‐sin-‐hogar/
hLp://www.share-‐internaEonal.org/archives/homelessness/hl-‐cfSpain.htm
hLp://www.nyEmes.com/2012/09/25/world/europe/hunger-‐on-‐the-‐rise-‐in-‐spain.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0
hLp://sociedad.elpais.com/sociedad/2014/09/29/actualidad/1411989045_795090.html
hLp://www.orderofmalta.int/latest-‐intervenEons/21323/the-‐order-‐of-‐malta-‐soup-‐kitchens-‐in-‐madrid-‐serve-‐500-‐meals-‐daily/?lang=en
