Safety welfare ksrtc final (recovered)

A Study on EmployeeSafety Measures& Welfare Schemes
Government First Grade College, Chickballapur Page 1
CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
Introduction to management:-
One of the most important human resource activities is managing ever since people forming
groups to accomplish aims they not achieve as individual managing has been essential to
ensure the co-ordination of individual efforts as society come to rely increasing on group
effort, and as many organized groups have become large, the task of managers has been rising
in importance. The purpose of management is to promote excellence among all persons is
organizations. Especially among mangers, hence aspiring managers, hence according to
Louis, “management is what a manager does”.
Definition:-
According to George terry “management is a distant process consisting of planning,
organizing, activating, and controlling, performance to determine and accomplish the
objectives by the use of human beings and other resources”
MEANING OF HRM
Human resource management means employing people developing their resources
utilizing maintaining and compensating their services in tune with the job and
organization requirements with a view to contribute to the goals of the organization
individual and the society.
DEFINITION
According to a “pulp subarea ” defines hrm is managing (planning ,organizing , directing
and controlling ) the functions of employing developing compensating and utilizing
human resources. resulting in the creation and development of human and industrial
relation which would shape future policies and practice of hrm with view to contribute
proportionately to the organizational individual and social goals.

IMPORTANCE OF HRM
1) SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE
2) PROFESSIONAL SIGNIFICANCE
3) SIGNIFICANCE FOR INDIVIDUAL ENTERPRICES
1} SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE :-
Proper management of personal enhance their dignity by satisfying their social needs they
are;-
*maintaining a balance between the job available and the job seekers According to the
qualification and needs.
*providing suitable and most productive employment which might bring then
psychological satisfaction
*eliminating waste (or) improper use of human resources through continuous of their
normal energy and health.
2} PROFESSIONAL SIGNIFICANCE ;-
Professional significance by providing a healthy working environment it promotes team
work in the employees
*maintaining the dignity of the employee as a human beings .
*providing maximum opportunities for personal development .
*improving the employees working skill and capacity .
*correcting the errors of working posting and proper re –allocation work.

3}SIGNIFICANCE OF INDIVIDUALS ENTREPRISES
It can help the organizational in accomplishing its goals
.*creating right attitude among the employees though effective motivation .
*utilizing effectively the available human resources .
OBJECTIVES OF HRM
Objectives are pre-determined goals to which individual (or) group activity in an
organization is directed the objectives of hrm are influenced by social objectives
organizational functional and personal objectives.
1} societal objectives
2} organizational objectives
3} functional objectives
4} personal objectives
MANAGERIAL FUNCTION OPERATIONAL FUNCTON
PLANNINING EMPLOYMENT
ORGANISING HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT
DIRRECTING COMPENSATION
CONTROLLING HUMAN RALATION
INDUSTRIAL RELATION
RECENT TRENDS IN HRM
FUNCTIONS OF HRM

1st MANAGIREAL FUNCTION
PLANNING:- it is predetermined course of action. It preparing forecasting of future hr
needs in the light of an organization environment, mission And objectives strategies and
internal strength and weakness it involves planning of hr requirement, recruitment,
selecting , training.
ORGANISING:- organization is a structure and a process by which a co-operative
groups of human beings allocates it task among its members identities relationships and
integrates it activities towards a common objective
DIRECTING:- The basic functions of personal management at any level is motivating
commanding lending and activating people
CONTROLING:- controlling also involves checking verifying and comparing of the
actual with the plans identification of deviations if any and correcting of identified
deviations
2nd OPARETIVE FUNCTION
EMPLOMENT:- employment is concerned with securing and employing the people
possessing the required kind and level of human resources necessary to achieve the
organizational objectives. it covers function such as job analysis, human resources
planning, recruitment, selection placement, induction and internal mobility etc
HUMAN REASOURCE DEVELOPMENT:- It is the process of improving molding
and changing the skills, knowledge, creative ability, aptitudes, valves, commitment etc.
based on present and future job and organization organizational requirement. This
function includes performance appraisal , training, management development, planning
and development, internal mobility, retrenchment management, change and organization
development.

COMPENSATION:-
It is the process of providing adequate, equitable and fair remuneration to the
employees. It includes job evaluation wage and salary administration, incentives,
bonus, fringe benefits, social security measures etc.
EMPLOYEE SAFETY
Since the begging of the present century, employee safety and health problems at
work have been engaged attention of the psychologists, sociologists and the industrial
engineers. Psychologists are concerned with the theoretical considerations of accident
causation and the research into accident control, through proper selection, training and
the education of the employee; and the social and psychological factors that influence the
individual’s behavior in general. Engineers and safety officers usually render necessary
practical advice on certain aspects of safety in industry. They look upon prevention of
accidents basically as an engineering problem to be tackled through proper designing of
mechanical safety devices. In fact, accident prevention and safety are inter related and,
therefore require a multi-dimensional approach. Its importance has increased because of
large-scale industrialization in which human beings are subjected to mechanical,
chemical, electrical and radiation hazards. Besides, modern industry is characterized by
complicated mechanisms, intricate job requirements, and fast moving production lines.
One of the important consequences of all this is increased dangers of human life, through
accidents.
INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENT AND INDUSTRIAL INJURY
The life of the industrial workers is full of risk and hazards. The injuries may be
caused as a result of any unsafe activities, or act of
their part or chance occurrence or as a result of some unsafe work condition or unsafe
act of employees themselves, or defective plant or shop layout, inadequate ventilation ,
unsafe and insufficient space for movement inside the plant or shop, etc.

An industrial accident may be defined as,” an occurrence which interferes with
the orderly progress of work in an industrial establishment”. According to Factories Act
of 1948, it is “an occurrence in an industrial establishment causing bodily injury to a
person for which him unfit to resume his duties in the next 48 hours.” In other words it is
an unexpected event which is neither expected nor designed to occur. It is always sudden
for a gradual process does not constitute an accident. Moreover, the event or occurrence
should be something to which a definite time, data and place can be assigned.
An industrial injury has been defined as “ a personal injury to an employee which
has been caused by an accident or an occupational disease, and which arise out of ,or in
the course of, employment , and which would entitle such employee to compensation
under the Workmen’s Compensation Act , 1923”.
NATURE OF ACCIDENT
The nature of an accident may vary from industry to industry. The employee may
fall from a height while engaged on a particular assignment; or he may be caught in a
machine while working on it; or he may fall against a machine; or parts of a machine
having a horizontal protruding motion may cause strike against him; or an explosives
used carelessly may explode, and injure an employee. Such accidents may result in
disablement or death.
Disablement¬- whether partial or total – may take a form of a loss of ability to
work or to move. Such incapacity may be partial or total. Both types of disablement may
be temporary or permanent.
 A temporary partial disablement reduces the earning capacity of an individual in
the employment in which he was engaged when he sustained an injury at the time
of accident.
 Permanent partial disablement reduces his ability to earn an income from any

employment which he was capable of undertaking at the time of the accident
occurred.
Total disablement, on the other hand, is a disablement, whether temporary or
permanent, which incapacitates a workman and makes it impossible for him to engage in
any work.
INDUSTRIAL SAFETY
Psychologists are concerned with the theoretical considerations of accident
causation and the research into the accident control, through proper selection, training
and education of the employee; and the social and psychological factors that influence the
individual’s behavior in general. Engineers and safety officers usually renders necessary
practical advice on certain aspects of safety in the industry. They look upon prevention of
accidents basically as an engineering problem to be tackled through proper designing of
mechanical safety devices. In fact accident prevention and safety are inter-related and,
therefore, require a multi-dimensional approach Its importance has increased because of
large–scale industrialization in which human beings are subject to mechanical, chemical,
electrical and radiation hazards.
Unsafe Conditions (work-related causes):
These, of sort or another, are the biggest cause of accidents. Such causes are associated
with defective plants, equipment, tools, materials., buildings etc. these can be termed
‘technical causes’. They arise when there are improper or inadequate safety guards on
machines; when machines break doen; when improper personal protection equipment is
instated; when mechanical or construction designs are defective. And unsafe; and when
control devices, which have been installed to make the operation of machines safe and
accident free are lacking or defective; or when there is an absence of proper maintenance
and supervision of these devices.

Thus, unsafe conditions include:
 Improperly guarded equipment.
 Defective equipment.
 Hazardous arrangement or procedure in and or around, machines or
equipment
 Unsafe storage; congestion, overloading.
 Inadequate safety devices.
 Wrong and faulty lay-out and bad location
 Improper illumination – glare, insufficient light.
 Improper ventilation – insufficient are charge, impure air source.
 Poor house – keeping
The other work related causes of accidents are;
a) The job itself: Some jobs are inherently more dangerous than others, such as
the job of crane man in comparison to that of the foreman. Similarly, work in
some departments (like personnel) is inherently safer than the work in others
(like production department.)
b) Work schedules, accidents increase late in the day. They do not usually occur
during the early hours of the work day. They are more frequent during the
night shift. This is due partly to fatigue and partly to the tact that night is the
period when one requires rest.
c) Psychological climate of the work place also affects the accident rate.
Psychological, mental and emotional imbalances are at the root of several
accidents.

2. Unsafe Acts: These acts may be the result of lack of knowledge or Skill on
the part of the employee, certain physical defects and wrong attitudes. These
acts include acts like:
 Operating without authority
 Failing to secure equipment or wringing other employees of possible
danger.
 Failing to use safe attire or personal protective equipment.
 Throwing materials on the floor carelessly.
 Operating or working at unsafe levels of speed, either too fast or too fast
or too slow.
 Making safety devices inoperative by removing, adjusting, disconnecting
them.
 Using unsafe equipment or using equipment unsafely.
 Using unsafe procedures in loading, placing, mixing, and combining.
 Taking unsafe position, under suspended loads, lifting improperly.
 Cleaning, adjusting, oiling, repairing, etc., or moving dangerous
equipment.
 Distracting, teasing, abusing, startling, quarreling, day-dreaming,
horseplay.
Personal characteristics also influence accident behaviours of individuals. For example,
characteristics like personality and motivation serve as a basis for certain behavior
tendencies – such as tendencies to take risks and undesirable attitudes.
3. Other Causes:
These causes arise out of unsafe situational and climate conditions and variations floors,
excessive glare, hear, humidity, dust and fume – laden atmosphere; very long hours of

work; unsatisfactory behaviour of domineering supervisors; excessive noise and
carelessness in the handling of such inflammable materials such as gasoline, solvents, oil
and grease, explosives etc.
Certain broad conclusions can be drawn on the basis of experience and studies
undertaken by psychologists such as:
 Young untrained and new workers generally sustain injuries more frequently than
older, trained and experienced employees.
 Those addicted to alcoholism and drugs, and those who suffer from boredom and
fatigue or indulge in exhibitions, generally account for a higher rate of accidents.
 The way the management motivates employees affects the rate and frequency of
accidents. The tensions which aggressive and negative supervisors generate
among the employees also tend to increase this rate and frequency.
 Unmarried employees generally have more accidents than married employees.
 Accidents are more frequent during the night shift.
 Woman employees have a better safety record than their male counterparts.
 Workers who work under Stressor who feel their jobs are threatened or insecure
seem to have more accidents than those who do not.
(B) EMPLOYEE SAFETY
Need for safety: Every organization should formulate and implement a safety policy.
The procedure to be adapted naturally depends upon the size of a company, the number
of plants it operates, the nature of the industry in which it is engaged, the production
technology it uses, and the attitude of the top management .After has spelt Old us safety
policy, a company should established a safety programme, the primary goals should be
reduce the number of hazardous factors, which likely to cause accidents, and (o develop
safe working habits among its employees. Companies should take concrete efforts to
provide safety measures. These safety measures will reduce the accidents The safety
organization plans and implements the safety procedures.

Safety Organization and Committee: In some organization, safety work is primarily
carried out by safety committee. Its function is to ensure the establishment of safe
working condition in an organization. The size of the committee depends on the size of
an organization, and generally includes one or more persons from among the employees.
The idea is that the workers themselves should be interested in the safety programme
which arc designed and developed for their good and offer their own suggestions for the
procedures to be adopted for their safety.
Measure to Ensure Safety in Organizations
Appraisal of Employee Attitude to Safety Programmes: A knowledge of the attitude
of the employee to the safety programmes developed for them and specific measures
adopted for that purpose – such as the setting up of bulletin boards, displays of safety
measures, pamphlets, booklets, posters, magazines and motion picture which highlight
them – would help the safety director in presenting safety information to the employees
of an organization.
Safety Engineering: The adoption of proper engineering procedures to minimize and, if
possible, eliminate work hazards is fundamental to any organized safety programme. The
machinery, which poses danger to the employee working on it, is generally covered or
fenced carefully when it is operation. Safety glasses or plastic eye-shields to protect the
eyes from the hazards of fire, glare, dust and fumes; hard protective caps to prevent head
injuries; gas masks to prevent the inhalation of poisonous fumes; gloves to protect the
hands against acids and explosive materials; safety shoes, overall, skin guards and safety
apparels for the protection of the body- all these are provided for the use of workers.
Materials handing is the most prolific source of accidents. Hence the (low of materials
during all the stages of the manufacture of a product should be properly planned to
eliminate hazards. The flow of work between machines and department should be

facilitated by provision of proper equipment, and there should be will-designed and all
well-marked storage spaces, aisles and roadways to ensure risk free performance of work.
Safety Education and Training: Safety education for all levels of management
personnel and for employees is vital for any successful safety programme. The goal of
safety education is two-fold: to develop safety consciousness among employees and build
up a favorable attitude on their part towards safety measures and precautions; and
secondly, to ensure safe work performance on the part of each employee by developing
his skill in the use and operation of safety equipment.
Supervisor’s Role in Safety: Supervisor is key person in implementing the safety rules,
providing necessary safety equipment and checking and maintains the safety equipment
in good condition. In addition the supervisor has to monitor the employee activities with
regard to following the safety provisions meticulously. Super should also conduct safety
training from time to time to make the employee aware of the latest safety development
and provisions.
 Safety
Safety, in simple terms, means freedom from the occurrence or risk of injury or
loss. Industrial safety or Employee safety refers to the protection of workers from the
danger of industrial accidents.
 Accidents
An Accident, is an unplanned and uncontrolled event in which an action or
reaction of an object, a substance, a person, or a radiation results in personal injury.
 Causes of Accidents
The industrial safety experts have classified the various causes of accidents into
three broad categories:
1. Unsafe Conditions

2. Unsafe Acts
3. Other Causes
Workplace Safety: Continuous Improvement
Our Golden Rules are mandatory for all employees, as well as external contractors.
The Golden Rules of Occupational Safety: Thoroughness and Vigilance
Everyone must understand the basic rules of prevention and comply with them. These
golden rules reinforce and complete our procedures for identifying dangers and
controlling risks.
These essential rules were established using records of accidents observed in our different
businesses. They must be followed to the letter. Everyone should intervene as soon as a
deviation is observed and stop work if the risk is not controlled. The twelve themes
covered by these rules are summarized below and a detailed brochure can be downloaded
by clicking on the link.
1. High-risk situations
Do not start up or shut down equipment or installations without using the
appropriate written operating procedure.

Any situation where the risk level is temporarily increased is reported. Induced risks are
identified and analyzed and compensatory measures are implemented.
2. Traffic: Machine/vehicle/cyclist/pedestrians
Do not exceed the speed limits.
Traffic rules apply inside and outside sites.
3. Body mechanics and tools
Do not carry out work if you do not have the right tools for the job and the
environment.
Adopting an inappropriate posture when handling objects or using tools can cause
physical harm.
4. Protective equipment
Do not access installations and perform work without wearing general or task-
specific personal protective equipment (PPE).
Collective protection is preferred. Individual protection completes preventive measures
already taken.
5. Work permits
Do not perform work without a valid work permit.
Any work performed on site requires a permit.
6. Lifting
Do not walk under a load while lifting is taking place.
For any work involving a crane, hoist or other mechanical system, a preliminary risk
analysis is required. Equipment must be in good condition. Personnel must be qualified
and access to the area must be restricted.
7. Work on powered systems
Do not perform work without checking that the power and product source supply
has been rendered inoperative.

Some works require the energy to be safely discharge or the equipment to be purged and
vented. In such cases a lockout system is set up to isolate the energy or product according
to a specific method.
8. Confined spaces
Do not enter a confined space until isolation has been verified and the atmosphere
checked.
Do not enter a confined space (container, tank, well, etc…) without supervision and only
after the atmosphere and isolation have been checked.
9. Excavation work
Do not perform excavation work without a valid work permit comprising a map of
all underground hazards.
Manual or mechanical excavation work, including dragging rivers and seabed’s, can only
start after a risk analysis has been performed to identify all hazards in the zone and
related precautions have been taken.
10. Working at heights
Do not work at heights without a safety harness when there is no collective
protective equipment.
Work at heights is performed on fixed or mobile platforms with a guardrail designed for
the task at hand.
Work on rooftops (buildings, reservoirs) is performed only after the roof's solidity has
been checked and appropriate protection has been set up.
Ladders are a means of access only; their use must remain exceptional.
11. Change management
Do not make any technical or organizational changes without prior authorization.
Any changes in technique or organization must be the subject of a risk analysis.
12. Simultaneous operations or co-activities

Do not perform simultaneous operations or co-activities without a prior visit. All
work or operations inside a unit in operation can increase risk levels. Interferences due to
simultaneous operations or joint-activities must be identified and controlled.
EMPLOYEE WELFARE
Employee Welfare is an important facet of industrial relations, the extra dimension,
giving satisfaction to the worker in a way which evens a good wage cannot. With the
growth of industrialization and mechanization, it has acquired added importance. The
workers in industry cannot cope with the pace of modern life with minimum sustenance
amenities. He needs an added stimulus to keep body and soul together. Employers have
also realized the importance of their role in providing these extra amenities. And yet, they
are not always able to fulfill workers demands however reasonable they might be. They
are primarily concerned with the viability of the enterprise. Employee welfare, though it
has been proved to contribute to efficiency in production, is expensive. Each employer
depending on his priorities gives varying degrees of importance to labour welfare.
It is because the government is not sure that all employers are progressive minded
and will provide basic welfare measures that it introduces statutory legislation from time
to time to bring about some measures of uniformity in the basic amenities available to
industrial workers.
After employees have been hired, trained and remunerated, they need to be
retained and maintained to serve the organisation better. Welfare facilities are designed to
take care of the well-being of the employees, they do not generally result in any monetary
benefit to the employees. Nor are these facilities provided by employers alone.
Governmental and non-governmental agencies and trade unions too, contribute towards
employee welfare.
Employee welfare is a comprehensive term including various services, benefits
and facilities offered to employees by the employer. Through such generous fringe
benefits the employer makes the life worth living for employees. The welfare amenities
are extended in addition to normal wages and other economic rewards available to
employees as per the legal provisions. Welfare measures may also be provided by the

government, trade unions and non-government agencies in addition to the employer. The
basic purpose of employee welfare is to enrich the life of the employees and keep them
happy and contended.
MEANING AND DEFINITION
Employee welfare, also referred to as betterment work for employees, relates to
taking care of the well-being of workers by employers, trade unions and government and
non-governmental agencies. It is rather difficult to define the term labour welfare
precisely because of the relatively of the concept.
The Oxford dictionary defines employee welfare as “efforts to make life worth
living for workmen”. It is however, difficult to precisely define the scope of these efforts.
Different writers have defined it in different ways. Some writers say that only voluntary
efforts on the part of employers to improve the conditions of employment in their
factories from the scope of employee welfare efforts. Some others say that it includes not
only voluntary efforts of the employer but also the minimum standards of hygiene and
safely laid down in general legislation. Here are some of the definitions given by some of
the experts.
“Employee welfare is a term which must necessarily be elastic, bearing a
somewhat different interpretation in one country from another, according to the different
social customs, the degree of industrialization and educational level of the workers”.
According to Dr Parandikar, “Employee welfare work is work for improving the
health, safety and general well being and the industrial efficiency of the workers beyond
the minimum standard lay down by labour organisation”.
Employee welfare refers to all those efforts of employers, trade unions, voluntary
organizations and governmental agencies which help employees feel better and perform
better.
Employee welfare has 2 aspects—negative and positive.
On the negative side, employee welfare is concerned with counteracting the
baneful effects of the large-scale industrial system of production especially capitalistic, so
far as India is concerned on the personal/family, and social life of the worker. On its

positive side, it deals with the provision of opportunities for the worker and his/her
family for a good life as understood in its most comprehensive sense.
Employee welfare operates to neutralize the harmful effects of large scale
industrialization and urbanization. Provision of welfare amenities enables the workers to
live a richer and more satisfactory life and contributes to their efficiency and
productivity. It helps in maintaining industrial peace.
Some important objectives which actuate an employer to take up voluntary employee
welfare services are as follows:
 To win over employees loyalty and increase their morale.
 To build up stable labour force, to reduce labour turnover and absentesum
 To develop efficiency and productivity among workers.
 To save oneself from heavy taxes on surplus profits.
 To earn goodwill and enhance public image.
 To reduce the threat of further government intervention.
 To make recruitment more effective (because these benefits add to job appeal).
EMPLOYEE PROTECTION AND WELFARE
STATUTORY WELFARE MEASURES:
The preamble to our Indian Constitution promises justice - social, economic and political.
It also stresses Equality of status and of opportunity. Article 23 of the Constitution
prohibits traffic in human beings and forced labour. Article 24 prohibits employment of
children in factories. The article 38 and 39 spelt under Directive Principles of State
Policy are now enforceable as per the dictums laid by our Supreme Court.
Constitution of India, Article 38: State to secure a social order for the promotion of
welfare of the people:
 The State shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and
protecting as effectively as it may a social order in which justice, social, economic
and political, shall inform all the institutions of the national life.
 The State shall, in particular, strive to minimize the inequalities in income, and
endeavor to eliminate inequalities in status, facilities and opportunities, not only
amongst individuals but also amongst groups of people residing in different areas
or engaged in different vocations.

Constitution of India, Article 39: Certain principles of policy to be followed by the
State. -
The State shall, in particular, direct its policy towards securing -
 That the citizens, men and women equally, have the right to an adequate means to
livelihood;
 That the ownership and control of the material resources of the community are so
distributed as best to sub serve the common good;
 That the operation of the economic system does not result in the concentration of
wealth and means of production to the common detriment ;
 That there is equal pay for equal work for both men and women;
 That the health and strength of workers, men and women, and the tender age of
children are not abused and that citizens are not forced by economic necessity to
enter avocations unsuited to their age or strength
 That children are given opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy manner
and in conditions of freedom and dignity and that childhood and youth are protected
against exploitation and against moral and material abandonment.
Through social security and social justice are spelt in our Constitution, they are never put
into practice thanks to our Executives who only pretend to implement the programmes of
the State. Some of the important Statutory Welfare measures given by the government are
as follows:
(i) The Factories Act of 1948
(ii) The Employees State Insurance Act 1948
(iii) The payment of Wages Act 1936
(iv) The Workmen's Compensation Act 1923
(v) The Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act 1952.
(vi) The Payment of Gratuity Act, 1962
(vii) The Maternity Benefit Act, 1961
Employee Welfare is an important aspect of industrial relations, the extra dimension,
giving satisfaction to the worker in a way which evens a good wage cannot. With the
growth of industrialization and mechanization, it has acquired added importance. The
workers in industry cannot cope with the pace of modern life with minimum sustenance
amenities. He needs an added stimulus to keep body and soul together. Employers have

also realized the importance of their role in providing these extra amenities. And yet, they
are not always able to fulfill workers demands however reasonable they might be. They
are primarily concerned with the viability of the enterprise. Employee welfare, though it
has been proved to contribute to efficiency in production, is expensive. Each employer
depending on his priorities gives varying degrees of importance to labour welfare.
It is because the government is not sure that all employers are progressive minded
and will provide basic welfare measures that it introduces statutory legislation from time
to time to bring about some measures of uniformity in the basic amenities available to
industrial workers.
After employees have been hired, trained and remunerated, they need to be
retained and maintained to serve the organisation better. Welfare facilities are designed to
take care of the well-being of the employees, they do not generally result in any monetary
benefit to the employees. Nor are these facilities provided by employers alone.
Governmental and non-governmental agencies and trade unions too, contribute towards
employee welfare.
Employee welfare is a comprehensive term including various services, benefits
and facilities offered to employees by the employer. Through such generous fringe
benefits the employer makes the life worth living for employees. The welfare amenities
are extended in addition to normal wages and other economic rewards available to
employees as per the legal provisions. Welfare measures may also be provided by the
government, trade unions and non-government agencies in addition to the employer. The
basic purpose of employee welfare is to enrich the life of the employees and keep them
happy and contended.

ABOUT THE INDUSTRY
INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORT COMPANY
Transport or Transportation is the movement of people and goods from one place
to another. The term is derived from the Latin trans ("across") and portare ("to carry").
Industries which have the business of providing equipment, actual transport, transport of
people or goods and services used in transport of goods or people make up a large broad
and important sector of most national economies, and are collectively referred to as
transport industries
A Large motor vehicle design to carry passengers usually along a fixed route according to a
schedule.
Historically, the term bus or omni bus transportation has been used to carry
number of people in one vehicle without regard to type of power used to motivate the
vehicle or whether a fare was paid. Therefore, historically speaking, bus transportation
probably had its beginning in the era of the Romans. Still speaking historically, most
authorities agree that the first example of a fare been charged for ‘bus’ service occurred
in France in 1662, when coaches called, “Carrosses a Cinq Sols” commenced operating
in Paris. A decade later-on march 18, 1672 seven vehicles that may fairly be called omni
buses, built to carry 8 passengers, all inside, began to operate between the various
quarters of the city. However, as soon as the upper class ceased to patronize these new
coaches, revenue fell of and in less than a year, the service was discontinued.
One or two futile attempts to initiate omni bus route were made in England in
1800, it was not until 1820 did the first successful operation in England commence the
London general omni Bus Company eventually bought out and merged the companies
operating these services within the capital of England.
Bus or stage service was instituted in the United States of America in the latter
part of the 17th centuries. The first four open stage coach routes were opened in 1683
between Boston, MA and Portsmouth, NH. Until 1832, practically no changes were made
in transportation vehicles. In that year, the horse-drawn passenger vehicle on wheels was
introduced to city service and put into operation on Fourth Avenue, New York city.

MODERN MOTOR BUS BEGINNINGS:
England generally is recognized as the birth place of the modern commercial
motor bus industry. As early as 1904, the London general omni bus corporation received
a license from Scotland Yard to operate the first gasoline motor bus on the streets of the
city of London.
The first records of motor bus operation in the United States from 1905.In that
year, the Fifth avenue coach company, New York City, imported one of the London
buses for trail on Fifth Avenue, with a view to replacing the horse drawn vehicles then in
operation. This was also the first use of the double-deck bus in the United States. First
bus built in the United States was constructed in 1894 by the Mack brothers
In 1914 and 1915, Stone and Webster established 3 bus lines to feed their Inter-Urban
electric railways.
1914, the transit company operating in St.Louis. Early in 1914, two busses were put into
operation.
GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT
As humanity embraced the 1940’s, few foreign countries had kept pace with the
bus industry in the United States; with the exception of England and Switzerland. The
majority of busses were municipally operated in England, and the London transport
system was then the largest single bus company in the world. During 2nd World War the
buses in England, as elsewhere in the world, did yeomen service.
INDIANS ROAD
Almost two million kilometers, 960000 kilometers surfaced roads, and more than I
million kilometers constructed of gravel, crushed stone, or earth. Fifty-three highways,
almost 20000 kilometers in total length, rated as national highways; carry about 40% of
road traffic. Around 60% of all passenger traffic travels by road. Urban transit dominated
by motor vehicles; increasing use of two and three- wheel vehicles, automobiles,
minibuses, buses, trucks. Large cities have major urban bus systems. Bullocks, camels,
elephants and other beasts of burden seen throughout India.

BRIEF HISTORY OF TRANSPORT INDUSTRY
Transportation in India is a large and varied sector of the economy. Modes of conveyance
for transport of goods in India range from people’s heads and rickshaws to truck and
railroads cars. The national railroad was the major freight hauler independence, but road
transport in India grew rapidly after 1947 both rail and road transport important.
The share of India transportation investments in total public investment declined during
the period from the early 1950’s to the early 1980’s, real public transportation investment
also declined during much of that period because of the need for funds in the rest of the
economy. As a consequence, by the early 1980’s the system in India was barely meeting
the needs of the nation or preparing for future Economic growth.
Many roads, for example, were breaking up because of overuse and lack of maintenance,
rail roads required new track and rolling stock. Ports needed equipment and facilities,
particularly for bulk and container cargo, and at many airports national civil airlines
needed supporting equipment, including provision for instruments landings. The
government planned to devote 19% of the eight five year plan (1992 to 1996) budget to
transportation and communication, up fro5 devoted to the sector during the 7th plan.
Although there is a large private sector involvement in transportation in India, the
government plays a large regulatory and developmental role,. The central government has
ministries to handle civil aviation, Railroads and surface counterpart agencies are found
at the state and union territory level. Improving the entire transportation sector in the late
1990s in the ability of the sector to adjust to the central government’s national reform
initiatives, including privatization, deregulation, and reduced subsidies.
The sector must also adjust to foreign trend expansion, demographic pressures increasing
urbanization, technological change and obsolescence, energy availability, and
environmental and public safety concerns.
India has a major railroad, equipment production industry. Although some state of the art
electrical capacity to meet most of its standard locomotive and passengers, car and
ancillary equipment needs and has made plans to export locomotives. The research

design and standards organization of Indian railways engages in research and simulations
aimed at further improving the quality of domestic achievements. This has included high
speed passengers train (up to 140 kms per hrs) and freight trains (up to 80 kms per hr)
and solid state signaling equipment. Because some 2/3 of the nations fright is carried by
train, there is a serious freight car shortage. To overcome this and other industry related
transportation problems, Indian railways envision having to import up to 5000 freight
cars a year.
GROWTH OF TRANSPORT INDUSTRY
Mass rapid transit systems are operational in Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai and Delhi. The
first rapid transit system in India, Mumbai railway, was established in Mumbai in 1867.
The Mumbai suburban railway commutes 6.1 million passengers everyday and boats to
have the highest passenger density in the world. Rapid transit systems are under
construction in Hyderabad and Bangalore. To decongest Mumbai Growing traffic,
another metro system is construction. Presently three metro lines are operational in Delhi
and more are under construction. Rapid transit systems are proposed in NOIDA, GAO,
THANE, PUNE, AHAMADABAD and KOCHI. Next only to railways the most
preferred long distance transport option for the public are the buses. Most of the state
Road transport co operations have buses which contact major cities and towns.
There are private bus operators who run regular schedule of buses for connection
between major cities and towns. Most long distance buses are scheduled during the night.
Long distance travel in buses is quite common for distance up to 500 km. In some cases
there are connections for distance like 1000km with a travel of 24hrs. With an advent of
better buses (e.g., Volvos) and better highways, road transport has become a fast and
comfortable option for travelers.
PROSPECTS OF TRANSPORT INDUSTRY
Most transport media in use today are generally fossil fuel powered. The reason for this is
the ease of use and he existence of mature technologies harnessing this fuel source. Fossil
fuels represent a concentrated, relatively compact source of energy. The drawback of

such transportation media are that they are heavily polluting, and rely on limited energy
source. Many ideas exist which try either harness Renewable forms of energy, more
efficiently use fossil fuel, or use human power, or some hybrid of these, to move people
and things.
The list given contains some forms of transport not in general not in general use, but
considered as possibilities in the future:-
 Air propelled train (proposed by Ray Bradbury in 1953).
 Bounce tube pneumatic travel (proposed by Robert A. Heinlein in 1956).
 Copter harness (proposed by Robert A. Heinlein in 1954).
 Flying car.
 Gravity repulsion elevator (proposed by Isaac Asimov in 1951).
 Light sail (proposed by jack Vance in 1962).
 Magnetic levitation train (maglev).
 Rolling road (proposed by Robert A. Heinlein in 1940).
 Personal rapid transit.
 Projectile vehicle (proposed by Jules Verne in 1867).
 Side walk (proposed by Robert A. Heinlein in 1948).
 Space craft propulsion or space transport.
 Tact or beam (proposed by E.E Doc Smith in 1942).
 Wormhole.
 Teleportation, such as the transporter from star trek.
 The motorized bicycle.

CHAPTER-2
REVIEW LITERATURE & RESEARCH DESIGN
Review of Literature
 Mr. Robert [2006] According his study Employee Welfare means this are the
benefits that an employee must receive from his/ her company. Like allowances,
housing for those companies who provides transportation, medical insurance,
food and some other facilities where the employee has right to demand.
 S.KUMAR (1993), “A study on the Labour welfare measures in AFT Ltd
Pondy”. The author concluded the objective of the study is to find out the welfare
facilities provided on the AFT and the employee’s suggestion and opinion about
welfare measures by using structure questionnaire and by concluding personal
simple random sample for a sample of 100. The study revealed the welfare
measure provided by the company was adequate except for a few systems like
housing scheme and pension scheme.
 JOHRIC.K AND SHARMA D.I, “Financing and administration of labour
welfare” Sri Ram centres for industrial relation 1968, New Delhi. Analysis on the
lines of important aspect to be much more deficient is considered as a favor by the
employer to employee in terms of providing facilities like having education and
recreation.
 K.Srikanth – July 2004. “The productivity of an organization is dependent on
occupational health and employee well-being”. He concluded the research
addressing occupational health and employee well-being concentrates on 4 major
areas in organizational psychology, job insecurity, work hours, control at work
and managerial style. The heightened pressure can impact their behavior towards
employees.

 S.K.SRIVASTRA (2004) in a study on “Impact of labour welfare on employee
attitudes and job satisfaction”, found that, if the management goes on working for
welfare of labourers, the labourers feel satisfied with their job and the get the
motivation towards their work. For the study two hundred workers were selected
from private and public sector with the help of incidental sampling method and
both the sectors have been taken from Kanpur city. Further the result of the study
indicated that welfare activities/facilities affect the workers attitude towards
management and job satisfaction in both sectors.
According to Pedalina and Gamboa (1987)
A study on the effectiveness of the safety and welfare measures in BHEL in the analysis
the author traces that, providing proper safety and welfare measures to the employees will
increase the efficiency in their working environment and also helps in betterment of the
organizations in terms of Profit gain and increase in Productivity.
According to Ritiesh (1995)
The safety and welfare measures in a large manufacturing plant in India form the leading
college in Coimbatore city. Organization provides various safety and welfare measures to
the employees. Studies were conducted to identify the satisfaction level of the employees
were not fully satisfied with the facilities provided.
According to Singh and Singh (1998)
A study on the satisfaction of the employees towards the safety and welfare measures in
correlation with absenteeism of the employees and they conducted that there is a less
frequency of absenteeism with the employees who feel satisfied with the facilities
provided and vice versa.
According to Prathik (2001)
A survey on the expectations of the employees towards the welfare facilities provided to
them with reference to PKM constructions. From the research it is defined that the

welfare facilities provided has a high impact on the productivity of the organization.
University of Nebraska Medical Center (2002).
According to Prathik (2001)
A survey on the expectations of the employees towards the welfare facilities provided to
them with reference to PKM constructions. From the research it is defined that the
welfare facilities provided has a high impact on the productivity of the organization.
University of Nebraska
Medical Center (2002).
Alison Earle and Jody Heymann (2006) in their study entitled “A Comparative
Analysis of Paid Leave for the Health Needs of Workers and their Families around the
World” state that the ability of workers to take time off work when they are ill, and
when their children or adult family members are ill, is critical to the health of workers
and their families. They have examined labour codes and labour related legislation for
178 countries available from the International Labour Organization, and 160
individual country reports in Social Security Programs throughout the world to
determine the availability of paid sick leave globally and explore whether there is a
correlation with four measures of macro-economic status. They find that 145 nations
from around the globe provide paid sick leave for working adults, 33 for care of
children and 16 for care of adult family members’ needs, and find no evidence of a
negative relationship between paid leave for personal or family health needs and
macro-economic status.
Venugopal, Bhaskar and Usha (2011) explain that human resources play a
very important role in the development of the business. They constitute the
organization at all levels and are regarded as a dynamic factor of production. The
study was conducted with the main objective of evaluating the effectiveness of
welfare measures in industrial sector and to suggest measures to make existing
welfare measures much more effective and comprehensive so that the benefits of the
employees will be increased. In order to get best results from the employees,

management must be aware of what employees expect from their employees. It is for
the management to see that whether the workers get economic, social and individual
satisfaction and employee welfare activities.
Swapna (2011) addresses social responsibility of the business in light of labour
welfare with special reference to Singareni Collieries Company Limited. The linkages
and the ethical considerations involved in employee welfare have been addressed with
implications for labour welfare. The concept of social responsibility in its narrow
contours has been equated with economic welfare. Conceptually as well as
operationally, labour welfare can achieve through social responsibility, which in turn
is closely linked to the concept of social welfare and the role of the state. Hence in
this way, it is understood the importance of social responsibility towards labour
welfare.
Vijaya Banu and Ashifa (2011) throws light on welfare measures followed in
public sector transport corporation. This study analyses the various dimensions of
labour welfare measures that are perceived to the labours. It highlights the perception
and levels of satisfaction of the labours regarding the various welfare measures and
the methods to improve the welfare schemes in public sector transport corporation.
Poongavanam (2011) explains that India’s labour force exhibits extremes ranging
from large numbers of illiterate workers unaccustomed to machinery or routine, to a
sizable pool of highly educated scientists, technicians and engineers, capable of
working anywhere in the world. He studied the labour welfare measures in Anglo
French Textiles. He concluded that welfare work in any industry aims, or should aim,
at improving the working and living conditions of workers and their families. The
concept of labour welfare varies from time to time, region to region, industry to
industry and country to country, depending upon various factors such as educational
level, social customs, degree of industrialization and the general standard of socio-
economic development.
Rama Satyanarayana and Jayaprakash Reddy (2012) carried out a research
to know the satisfaction levels of employees about labour welfare measures in KCP

Limited (Cement Division). For the purpose of the study, convenience random
sampling method was adopted. Out of 925 employees, 90 were selected covering
almost all the departments. A questionnaire was used to collect primary data. The
results of the research reveal that majority of the employees are satisfied with all the
welfare measures provided by the organization. The overall satisfaction level of
employees about welfare measures cover under study is satisfactory. However, a few
are not satisfied with welfare measures provided by the organization. Therefore it is
suggested that the existing welfare measures may be improved further. Such welfare
measures enrich the employees’ standard of living and their satisfaction levels.The
above reviews show that most of the studies on welfare measures have been carried
out in public and private enterprises. These studies have not covered the entire
measures of labour welfare measures. Selection of limited samples and lack of
studying the relationship between demographic variables
RESEARCH DESIGN
Introduction
To get a better knowledge about any subject/topic, one must have theoretical
knowledge and also practical knowledge. Theoretical knowledge can be gained through
books but practical knowledge should be gained only through projects, attending
workshops. While I was studying about the subject theoretically, I got interested in this
particular topic “Employee safety and welfare measures”. The reason for choosing this
topic is,
Generally, accidents results in the loss of number of man-hours and this loss
affects the productivity. Satisfying or fulfilling the safety and security needs of the
workers, would give them a better opportunity and more time to concentrate on job
performance. So Safety and Welfare are the two areas that play a vital role in achieving
productivity and job satisfaction in any organization. Hence I choose this project.

Development of industry depends largely on the strength of the staff. The importance of
employee welfare measures, as early as 1931, accepted, when an employee of the Royal
Commission. When "a good place, he / she is unable where by his own fixed / herself.
Employee benefits programs may be seen as a wise investment it should and usually does
not lead to greater efficiency in the form of profit in return. " Employee benefits, known
as the employees to improve the work, and then perch employers, trade unions,
government and non-governmental bodies to consider workers' health care.
Title of the study:
A STUDY ON EMPLOYEE SAFETY MEASURES & WELFARE SCHEMES AT
KSRTC CHICKBALLAPUR
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Safe working methods & accident prevention methods have to be followed, it not,
this could result in human suffering, loss of property. Loss of production & demoralizing
co-workers, hence safety has to be given due importance. Safety doesn’t mean only life
but also the environment in working area because if the environment is not property
maintained than it may affect the health of the worker because of which the work may be
distributed so the organization must take utmost care in the safety of their workers who
are the assets of the organization. No doubt employee welfare measures, no influence the
productivity job satisfaction. It is clear that the employee welfare is identified as key
aspect which helps to increase or improve the efficiency and quality of employee
Hence a detailed study is done at KSRTC to know the safety measures that have to be
considered by an individual worker to do his job in the organization.
NEED OF THE STUDY:
To understanding the extent which the welfare activities provided by the KSRTC towards
about the various welfare measures provided to employees. To study how the welfare

facilities provided and how it help in increasing the productivity and job satisfaction to
learn how welfare services provided to employees and it may helps organization to build
up a stable work force by reducing absenteeism and labour turnover.
1. To educate the employees about the safety and welfare measures.
2. To motivate the employees to improve their work.
3. To see the safety of employees.
4. To provide better life and health to the workers.
5. Hence a detailed study is done at KSRTC to know the safety measures that have
to be considered by an individual worker to do his job in the organization.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
The objective of the study was:
 To study about the safety and welfare measures provided to employees working
in the company.
 To analyze the accidents occurring in the factory
 To study the employees opinion regarding all safety equipment’s provided by the
management.
 Employee’s opinion regarding all welfare facilities provided by the company.
 To suggest the remedial measures to the company regarding safety and welfare
measures.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY:
The Scope of the study is very useful and this study has covered employee safety and
welfare measures existing in the company.
 This project study covers the theoretical & practical factors of Employee Welfare
with Special Reference to Safety Programmes & practices of KSRTC,
Chickballapur. The study helps employees to express their problems clearly
management can have idea about the employee’s opinion and it helps
management to analyze the employee safety requirements
 The study is conducted at KSRTC. It is conducted to find out the Employee
Safety and impact of wages and salary an organization and their work.
 The study covers the employee’s safety measures at KSRTC.
 The study is conducted to know the various welfare schemes provided by the
METHODOLOGY OF DATA COLLECTION:

STUDY DESIGN:
“A study design is the arrangement of the condition for the collection for the
collection and analysis of data in a manner which helps the purpose of study”.
The study was made on the safety and welfare measures. Such documents being
considered confidential the questionnaire method of interviewing the HR manager was
adopted and a separate questionnaire was prepared for the employees to know their
opinion. Each question has 2-6 options giving sufficient options to the respondents on the
bases of the answers these questions the findings are analyzed.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
Method of research – A questionnaire was structured to gather the primary information
and description research was used.
SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTION:
The data has been collected from two sources:
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data collection is one of the key tools used by the researcher for data
collection. It is the first hand information collected by the researcher from respondents
directly. Primary data is collected through observation and communication. Primary data
was collected through discussion with the manager, questionnaire and by interaction with
the employees of the organization.
I have collected the primary data by the administering the structured questionnaires
to the selected 50 employees of the company.
SECONDARY DATA
The secondary data is another form of data collection, where the data is collected
from the existing records, company manual and from previously carried out research
work and also through internet. The annual reports, financial reports of the company etc.
secondary data will be collected to pool the ideas and framework the study and to
examine the relationship of various factors that influences employee’s performance

Secondary data for my study has been drawn from the relationship of various
sources like, company website, journals, magazines, company brochures etc.
TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:
The first hand information was collected by interviewing the HR manager regarding
the measures followed by the company in safety and welfare measures.
A questionnaire was formulated and circulated to the employees of the company.
Hence the survey method is the tool used here for data collection
SAMPLE SIZE
The sample size of the study is 100 employees, which includes workers, supervisors
and executives.
PLAN OF ANALYSIS:
The questionnaires were tabulated using tally method. The tabulated data was
analyzed and inferences were drawn. The tabulated data has been depicted in the form of
a graph.
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY:
 Some of the information given by the respondents may not be accurate.
 The study is limited to the safety and welfare measures provided by KSRTC at
Chickballapur.
 The study purely based on the information provided by the respondents and they
may be biased.
 It is assured that the data provided by some of the respondents may by bias due to
unqualified employees
 The study was limited to Chickballapur plant only due to time constraint
 Confidentiality matter restricted for an in depth study
 The study was conducted in a short period of time and a detailed study was not
possible.
 Due to confidential constraint of certain information, not all details could be
obtained.
CHAPTER SCHEME:

CHAPTER- NO. 1:INTRODUCTION
This chapter gives the introduction to the topic selected, it is related to the study on
Transport Industry Profile and theoretical information about HR & Safety and welfare.
CHAPTER -NO.2:REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND RESEARCH DESIGN
It shows the design of the study, title of the project, review of literature, statement of the
problem, objectives and scope of the study, data collection methods and limitations of the
study and chapter scheme.
CHAPTER- NO.3:COMPANY PROFILE
This chapter gives a brief detail about the company in which study is made. It deals with the
company background and details of the company.
CHAPTER- NO.4:ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
This chapter is based on the data collected and analyzed through financial
statements with tables and graphical representations.
CHAPTER- NO.5:SUMMARY OF FINDINGS,CONCLUSION AND
SUGGESTIONS
It represents the summary of all the findings, suggestion and conclusions based on the
study conducted in the company.
Bibliography
Annexures

CHAPTER: 3
COMPANY PROFILE
In the long, the earth has been ample smaller. The transportation trade, transport freights
via trains, boats, hydroplanes, and Lorries, is victimization state-the-art
telecommunication-from global-system mobile communications (GSM) satellites to radio
tags- to trace freight and guarantee fast and secure delivery of wares. But in addition to
advanced enhancements, a simple mental box has been polar in unifying the earth of
freight shipping.
Transport and arrangement organizations extending from Taiwan shipping monster
evergreen marine to Europe's arrangement, Airfreight, and transportation group emerge
have at least 1 think about normal; the ever blessing instrumentation. The transportation
business has more than eight million institutionalized. Instrumentation overall
exploitation basic dealing with methodology and instrumentation in current expansion
allow multi-purpose clumps of cargo, as aftereffects of consistent unit are normally
staked on railcars, towed by trucks, or set in ships holds. The 1966 concurrence on the
association for institutionalization (ISO) is only one in each of the numerous ISO-
masterminded universal assertions that have prompted additional sparing cargo transport.
The sea shipping business decisions such crucial weights as which work U.S. based
shipper. Developing at in regards to 4 wheel drives a year, the business has looked for
after to strengthen efficiencies finished up containerization, also as through programmed
taking care of, satellite trailing, and totally extraordinary propelled measures. It's all
things considered hoped to low-tech arrangements. Some hour of the world's middle class
naval force is enrolled beneath open registries, among that ship-proprietors unit subjects
to bring down wages, less duties, and less-prohibitive tenets, giving arrangement offices
unit an obtrusive business area, as fabricates look for to supply arrangement instead of
keep up transportation inventories.
The transportation exchange is colossal, encompassing all from metropolitan transport,
tram, and voyager prepare frameworks that get individuals to and personnel to the

instrumentation sends that vehicle item from port all around the worldwide; from the rail
and truck age arranges that move those holders through states, countries, and landmasses
to the aircrafts we have a tendency to tend to use to travel to terminuses close and far for
work and joy, to the exact delivery firms " For once it totally, completely should be there
overnight"
MEANING OF TRANSPORT:
Transport means conveyance or movement of goods and persons from one place to
another.
INDIAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM:
In India street transport administrations are worked both by open and private areas
however quick increment of traveller activity has prompted sharp rivalry among the
private organizations and individuals were not able duplicate up with the costs changed
by them.
Another purpose behind the foundation of open transportation framework was developing
populace, which was outside the ability to control of private organizations and therefore
Karnataka state undertaking rose and K.S.R.T.C is one of them
Sr. No. State Bus Armada of all STU's
1 Karnataka 23138
2 Tamil Nadu 23078
3 Maharashtra 16050
4 Uttar pradesh 12194
5 Andhra pradesh 11785
6 Gujarat 10850
7 Telangana 10476
8 Kerala 6240
9 Delhi 5578
10 Rajasthan 4500
COMPANY PROFILE

The Karnataka state road transport corporation (KSRTC) may be a state preserved road
company among the state of Asian nation. KSRTC has the foremost vital fleet of Volvo
buses among state owned transport corporations.
COMPANY LOGO:
Karnataka state road Transport Corporation
Type : Public Transport Corporation
Industry : Public transport bus service
Founded : 1961
Headquarters: Bangalore, India
Area served : Karnataka and adjacent areas
Key people : K. Gopala Poojary (chairman) Basawaraj Bull (MD)
Services : Public Transport
Revenue : 16.3585 billion (us$ million) (2008-09)
Subsidiaries : Bangalore metropolitan transport corporation (BMTC),
North eastern Karnataka state road Transport Corporation (NEKSRTC)
North western Karnataka state road Transport Corporation (NWEKSRTC)
Website : KSRTC
HISTORY OF KSRTC
KSRTC was built up in 1961 under the prerequisites of street transport company
Act1950. it's worn out hand by the govt of region. In august 1997 another new street
transport enterprise called North western region Road Transport Corporation (NWKRTC)
was framed to oblige the transportation wants of north western parts of territory.

Afterward, the North Japanese Province Road Transport Corporation (NEKRTC) was
mutually shaped with its organization work in Gulbarga.
To oblige the vehicle needs of the voyaging open of the then province of Mysore, Mysore
Government Road Transport Department (MGRTD) was introduced with 120 transports
on twelfth September 1948.
The State Transport, which was being controlled as a Department of the Govt. of Mysore
was hence changed over into a free Corporation under Section 3 of the Road Transport
Corporation Act, 1950 on first of August 1961. The advantages and liabilities of MGRTD
aside from those of BTS unit as on 01-08-1961 were passed on to the new Corporation,
which was named as MSRTC. The benefits and liabilities of the lingering MGRTD i.e. of
BTS Unit were in this way passed on to the Corporation on first of October 1961. Along
these lines, Corporation was eventually settled for the whole State of Mysore
Restructured STU Operations
INCEPTION:
Karnataka state road transport corporation (KSRTC) is the biggest publicity
transport corporation in India. It is the renowned public sector transport undertaking kept
by the state of Karnataka, and governed by a board of directors, appointed by the state.
KSRTC is given the most moderate and tried and true transport benefit from decades to
the general population in and around Bangalore city. With its successful plans and
productive collaboration, it can meet the developing needs of the expanding number of

workers and growing state limit limits. Transportation is the vital factor in the headway
of progress and is the backbone of business.
It was at one time a period a misfortune making open segment association. Today it is the
main open division transport company making benefit. It is flourishing by perceiving and
embracing itself to the adjustments in advancements, needs, tastes, and inclinations and
serving to the best.
The prime goal of KSRTC is to give reasonable, effective and eco and worker well
disposed transport framework to the nationals of Bangalore. It has started numerous
formative developers for the welfare of workers and the general public.
KSRTC SERVICES
 KSRTC works 6463 projects amid a day covering a productive separation of
hundred thousand kilometres with an entire armada of 7599 transports.
 KSRTC transports on a customary of 24.57 need travellers for each day.
 KSRTC covers 92% towns in Karnataka.
 KSRTC is that the state transport enterprise to exhibit B & RLE low body
town transports in Republic of India.
 It also works to the adjacent conditions of geographic district, Andhra Pradesh,
Tamilnadu, Kerala, Goa and Pondicherry.
VISION OF KSRTC
 To fulfil customer’s expectation in providing in providing environment friendly
and value based servicer.
 To have constant development through use of advanced technology and strain on
creative thinking.
 To move the spirit of duty and candour of correspondence among our staff
towards setting issues.
 To meet the security, condition and contamination control norms the state
government to have finish nationalization of traveller’s vehicle in the state. With
the execution of these plans, the armada quality was 4494 out of 1978-79. A
critical improvement was the nationalization of the private contract auto.
MISSION OF KSRTC

 To provide economic reliable environment friendly courteous safe transport
service to commuters.
 KSRTC in the matter of diesel motors, genets and water driven drivers and
frameworks.
 To satisfy client's desire in giving air inviting and esteem based offices.
 To lay weight on labourer’s welfare and human asset improvement and to impart
quality awareness in our worker in any regard levels.
 Customer fulfilment and accomplish noteworthy upgrades in returns on support
utilized
QUALITY POLICY
KSRTC shall adopt ISO 9001:2000 quality management system and strive continually to
improve the system with continual training. KSRTC is committed to continually improve
service to achieve consistent quality satisfaction, in order to become a global leader.
The Board of Directors of KSRTC as on 01-03-2019.
Sl.No. Names Official/ Non-Official
1
SRI. B. SATHYANARAYANA,
Hon’ble MLA., and,
Chairman, KSRTC,
Central Offices, Bangalore 560027.
CHAIRMAN
2
SRI. I.S.N. PRASAD, IAS
Additional Chief Secretary to Government,
Finance Dept., Government of Karnataka,
Vidhana Soudha, Bangalore-560 001
DIRECTOR
(Official)
3
DR: B. BASAVARAJU, IAS
Principal Secretary to Government,
Transport Dept., Government of Karnataka,
M.S. Buildings, Bangalore-560 001
DIRECTOR
(Official)
4
SRI. SHIVAYOGI C KALASAD, IAS
Managing Director,
KSRTC, Central Office,
Bangalore- 560 027
DIRECTOR
(Official)
5
DR: N.V. PRASAD, IAS
Managing Director,
BMTC, Central Office,
Bangalore -560 027
DIRECTOR
(Official)

Sl.No. Names Official/ Non-Official
6
SRI. PARESH KUMAR GOEL
Director(Transport),
Ministry of Road Transport & Highways,
Transport Bhavan,
No.1, Parliament Street,
Government of India,
New Delhi 110 001.
DIRECTOR
(Official)
(Central Govt.
Representative)
1
Metropolitan Commissioner
BMRDA,
Govt.of Karnataka,
No.1, Ali Asker Road,
Bangalore-560001.
INVITEE
kSRTC Key Statistics (as on 28-02-2019)
1 Depots 84
2 Divisions 17
3 Bus stations 165
4 Vehicles 8670
5 Schedules 8204
6 Effective Kms per day 29.01 lakh
7 Average traffic revenue per day Rs. 857.23 lakh
8 Average passengers travelled per day 29.57 lakh
9 Staff 38668
10 Staff ratio per schedule 4.71
PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
 FLY BUS
Fully air conditioned continuous luxury, Volvo multi shaft facility among metropolis
world field and Mysore with room, chemical bogs, and live show of flight timings, GPS,
wireless local area network services and in-bus live diversion.
 AIRAVAT

Fully air conditioned luxury Volvo multi shaft bus services with chemical loos,
Wi-Fi, stowage and individual TV screens.
 AIRAVAT DIAMOND
Fully air conditioned luxury provision worked apply Shania multi-axle buses with hi-
definition vision cameras for recording at intervals the bus and fleet organization
structure for performance observing intervals the bus..
 RAJAHAMSA
Non air conditioned deluxe public-service corporation with lounger seats in 2/2
configuration designed on Tata and Ashok Leyland chassis.
 CORONA AMBAARI
Completely air suspension non AC reclaimable seat transport, beside raajahamsa that
unremarkably employ over North Japanese Mysore areas
 CORONA
Fully air conditioned and air suspension bus with 2+2 reclaimable seats. can suppose it to
be Associate in Nursing alternate alternative for Airavata.
 SHEETHAL
Fully air conditioned and air interruption bus with 3+2 non-reclaimable seats designed on
Ashok Leyland chassis. primarily operates between Mysore and Bengaluru, however
presently replaced with Volvo Airavata.
 VAIBHAVA
Non air conditioned deluxe company with lounger seats in 2+2 arrangement engineered
on Tata and Ashok Leyland chassis.
 GRAAMAANTRA SARIGE
Buses that links rural community with traditional fare (slightly costs lesser than suvarna
sarige).
 NAGARA SARIGE
These units of mensuration intra city/town buses plying in Tier-2 cities and cities across
Mysore engineered on Ashok Leyland, Tata and Etcher chassis. On air conditioned
sleeper utility designed on Tata chassis.
BIFURCATION OF KSRTC
To rise operational productivity, to offer uniformity transport administration to the
venturing out open and to have a not too bad administration on the activities of the

partnership, the govt. of Mysore has arrange NO.HTD 127 TRA ninety-six dated 22-02-
1997.
Along these lines, KSRTC was a solid states Road Transport attempt till 1996-97. During
the time 1997-98, the govt isolated KSRTC and wanted out 2 new companies, viz, the
city Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC), with its organization topographical
point at city and also the North West State Road Transport Corporation; with its
organization land point Hubli. The city metropolitan Transport Corporation that appeared
with affect from 01-11-1997 takes into account the north western areas of state.
NWKRTC turned out to be monetarily independent i.e. 01-04-1998 underneath RTC Act
1982.One all the more new Corporation was assembled built up with result from 15-08-
2000 along the edge of his home office at Gulbarga to take into account the north
Japanese regions of territory, that turned out to be financially independent 1-10-2000.
Rebuilt STU Operation
COMPETITORS OF KSRTC
1. These are the buses playing from neighbouring state like Kerala, Andhra Pradesh,
Tamilnadu, and Telangana.
2. KERALA ROAD TRANSPORT CORPORATION.
3. INDIAN RAIL WAYS.
4. ANDHRA PRADESH STATE ROAD TRANSPORT CORPORATION.
5. TAMILNADU STATE ROAD TRANSPORT CORPORATION.
6. TELNANGANA STATE ROAD TRANSPORT CORPORATION.
7. GUJARAT STATE ROAD TRANSPORT CORPORATION.
8. There are many private competitors who give very good and better service and
facilities namely.
9. NATIONAL TRAVELS
10. BLUE LINES
11. SHARMA TRAVELS
12. VRL TRAVELS
13. SRS TRAVELS
KSRTC INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES

KSRTC infrastructure embody corporation work, divisional offices, depots, bus stations,
Divisional work look, machine, regional workshops, Hospitals, employment institutes,
officers/Workers Quarters one sports sophisticated.
Commercial institution and offices
Tourist data system
Crew rest rooms
Modern lighting facilities
FACILITIES AT BUS STATIONS
 Modern sophisticated bus stations
 Drinking water
 Arrangements of seating’s
 Modern bogs
 Canteen facilities
 Reservation counters
 Pre-paid automobile cart
 Pre-paid taxi
 ATM facilities
 Dust-proof of lot
 Two wheelers and 4 wheelers parking facility
 Digital show and Intelligent transport system
 Public addressing system
 Commercial institution and offices
 Tourist data system
 Crew bathroom
 Cloak rooms
AWARDS
1. Golden peacock environment management award-2003.
2. Rajiv Gandhi national quality award-2009 best large scale trade among the
country.
3. Best Employer Award -2010 Award for modernism in Recruitment.
4. IIMM company excellence-2010 in global climate change mitigation &
Adaption.
5. SKOCH the planet is open Award- 2010.
6. E-India Award - 2010.

7. Union transport minister’s trophy for the nethermost accident record-1998-
2001.
8. Parisara award by govt. of Karnataka-2001
9. Asia’s Best Employer award-2011.
10. Volvo sustainable mobility award-2011.
11. UITP-First Px2 political commitment award-2011.
12. ASRTU award - 2011.
13. National Genentech HR GOLD AWARD-2016.
Present Status (as on 2019)
KSRTC has its Corporation point at city. By and by, it covers seventeen Districts
(Bangalore Urban, city Rural, Ramanagar, Kolar, Chickaballapur, Tumkur, Chitradurga,
Davanagere, Shivamogga, Mangalore, Udapi, Chickmagaluru, Hassan, Mysore, Mandya,
Chamarajnagar, Coorg at interims the State to a lower put its operational jurisdiction. It’s
entire fifteen Divisions - 14 operational Divisions viz. city Central, Ramanagar, Tumkur,
Kolar, Chikkaballapur, Mysore city, Mysore Rural, Mandya, Chamarajnagar, Hassan,
Chickmagalur, Mangalore, puttur, Davanagere and one terminal division viz., KBS. 79
Depots, it is a hands of with respect to 36875 staff. It works twenty six.43 number km
day by day holding an armada of 8348 vehicles (Volvo 198, Volvo Multi shaft 141,
Volvo town fifty, Mercedes Benz ten, Mercedes Benz Multi Axle20, Corona Sleeper
seventy four, Corona Seater about six, Scania 35, Tata 4711, Leyland 2864, either 236
and Swaraj Mazad 3), procures activity income of Rs. 754.57 number every day line of
work to twenty five.57 whole number travellers on a middle. It stands fifth among STUs
at interims the state by estimate
KSRTC Key Statistics [As on 31-12-2016]
Depots 83
Divisions 16
Bus stations 155
Vehicles 8680
Schedules 8106
Effective Km per day 28.52 lakh
Average traffic revenue per day Rs. 809.43 lakh

Average passengers travelled per day 28.80 lakh
Staff 38189
Staff ration per schedule 4.71
KSRTC PASSENGERS ACCIDENT RELIEF FUND TRUST
 KSRTC traveller’s mishap alleviation subsidize has been composed w.e.f.01-06-
2002 along these lines on turn out quick money help to the legitimate
beneficiaries of the perished traveller’s reality association organization pass on in
street mischances with movement in KSRTC transports.
 The alleviation paid by the ARF trust is to boot to the MACT claims settled the
KSRTC.
 The alleviation sum has been collected to rs.2.50. Lakhs per mortal w.e.f.01-09-
2008.
 Trust possesses and keeps up eight wreckers to carryout alleviation task all
through street mishaps.
SWOT ANALYSIS OF KSRTC
The SWOT examination might be a key thinking of hardware that stands for: qualities,
shortcoming, openings, and dangers. The SWOT examination is critical to
comprehension the different very surprising danger and prizes of any speculation.
Examiner, speculators, understudies and talented for organizations qualities,
shortcomings, openings, and dangers.
STRENGTHS:
 Customer centric:
 Ability to blend the operations and performance of KSRTC to meet the need and
demand of commuters are the source of earnings.
 In order to provide comfortable travelling, it has introduced never models of
various buses with more luxuries seating, air conditioned like Volvo.
 Special& passes-daily, weekly, monthly introduced for various sections of society
according to their needs and also concessional passes to blind passengers, etc.
 Monopoly over market of public transportation:
 Sound government support:

 Distributed networks:
 Charted contract services:
WEAKNESS:
 Ineffective marketing of various services provided by KSRTC to customers.
 In spite of conducting programmers for improvement of soft skills, mannerisms,
and behavioural aspect of the workers.
 The accident rate (even if decreasing) results in damaging the goodwill of the
company as it is concerned with life and death matters.
 Slow adopting process of various technological introductions.
 In efficient management in the morning office hours.
OPPORTUNITY:
 The wide spread opportunity to cover rural market.
 The expending to expand its operations, increase responsibility and revenue.
 Great opportunity to dominate entire urban rural market by utilizing modern
technologies.
 Can attract more customers by providing special services to tourist places in and
around Bangalore.
THREATS:
 Increasing traffic congestion is increasing a barrier in achieving punctuality.
 Private transportation is acting as a favourable mode of transport in rural areas by
providing services at challenging fares and schedules.
 METRO RAIL is rising as the competitor.
 The drivers and conductors working on routes for 8 to 10 hours daily severally
exposed to the environmental pollution, which increases the risk of health.

 Belief of customer towards the mannerism of drivers and conductors might reduce
the goodwill of the company.
GROWTH AND PROSPECTIVE OF KSRTC
Alongside the quick advance of Karnataka in all circles of action, KSRTC has risen as the
best association in meeting goals of Kannadigas and the general population of
neighboring conditions of Karnataka. As toward the finish of 31-03-1997, the
Corporation worked its administrations in 19 Divisions - 18 Divisions working mofussil
administrations and 1 Division working city administrations of Bangalore. It had 108
Depots, 2 Regional Work Shops and a Central Office at Bangalore. There were 281
lasting and 11 brief transport stations with 337 wayside covers and 1009 get covers. The
aggregate number of workers conveyed was 59033 and the staff proportion per plan was
6.22. The aggregate number of courses worked was 13273 with 9493 calendars, course
length of 9.49 lakh klm. What’s more, normal day by day booked km of 27.95 lakh km.
The aggregate number of between state courses worked by the Corporation on an equal
premise with the neighboring states was 602

CHAPTER-4
DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION
TABLE 4.1
The age of the employees
AGE
NO OF
respondents
PERCENTAGE
25-35 14 14%
35-45 43 43%
45-55 9 9%
55& Above 6 6%
TOTAL 100 100%
ANALYSIS:
The above table clearly shows that majority of the work force is between age group of
35-45.9% of the workers age below 45-55.14% age between the age group of 25-35& 6%
is the age group of 55& above.

GRAPH 4.1
The age of workers
INFERENCE:
From the above analysis we can infer that majority of the workers age is 35-45yrs. This is
the age group where we can find lot skilled & experienced group of employees about this
work to go smoothly without any problems in the organization
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
25-35 35-45 45-55 55& Above
14%
43%
9%
6%
14
43
9
6

TABLE 4.2
The experience of the employees,
EXPERIENCE
NO OF
respondents
PERCENTAGE
10-May 17 17%
15-Oct 29 29%
15-20 14 14%
20 & ABOVE 40 40%
TOTAL 100 100%
ANALYSIS:
From the above table it can be analyzed that 40% of the employees have experience of
about 20yrs while 29% of them have 10-15yrs of experience. 14% of the employees have
15-20yrs of experience & 17% of them have 5-10yrs of experience.

GRAPH 4.2
The experience of the workers,
INFERENCE:
The above analyzed information informs that majority of the employees have about 20yrs
of experience. This realizes that these are experienced employees and the organization
that has play main role for the employees and the organization that play main role for the
employee’s image.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
10-May 15-Oct 15-20 20 & ABOVE
17%
29%
14%
40%

TABLE 4.3
Whether there is a need for safety measures.
Need for safety
measures
No of respondents Percentage
Yes 100 100%
No 0 0%
ANALYSIS:
The above table infers that all the 100%employees have given their opinion that there is a
need for safety measures in the organization.

GRAPH 4.3
Whether there is a need for safety measure
INFERENCE:
From the above analysis it is clear that all the employees agree that there is a necessity of
safety measures. this specifies that the employees have agreed for the need of safety
measures & it should be made compulsorily to use each and every in organization
without fail.
100%
0%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Yes No

TABLE 4.4
Whether the organization is providing all the safety measures.
Providing all safety
measures
No of
respondents
Percentage
Yes 100 100%
No 0 0%
ANALYSIS:
The above table depicts all the 100% employees have given their opinion that the
organization is providing with all safety measures.

GRAPH 4.4
Whether the organization providing all safety measures.
INFERENCE:
From the above analysis it is clear that all the employees agree that the organization is
providing all the safety measures. This shows that the organization must provide safety
measures continuously to ensure safety.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Yes No
100%
0%

Table 4.5
Whether there is a need for safety committee.
Need for safety
committee
Yes 97 97%
No 3 3%
Total 100 100%
ANALYSIS:
From the above table it can be seen that 97% of employees feel that there is a need for
safety committee where as 3% of employees feels that there is no need for safety
committee.

GRAPH 4.5
Whether there is a need for safety committee.
INFERENCE:
The above analysis results that maximum employees says that there is a need for safety
committee this depicts that majority of workers have realized and insisted that there is a
need for safety committee which may be useful for them by providing quality safety
commands.
97%
3%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Yes No

TABLE 4.6
Whether the organization is providing with ventilation and illumination in working area.
Ventilation and
illumination
Yes 97 97%
No 3 3%
ANALYSIS:
The above table reviles that 97% of employees agree that the organization is providing
ventilation and illumination in working area. 3% of employees refuse to agree that the
organization is not providing. Ventilation and illumination in working area

GRAPH 4.6
Whether the organization provided with ventilation & illumination in working area.
INFERENCE:
From the above analysis it is clear that majority of employees agree that the organization
is providing ventilation and illumination in working area. This shows that the
organization has realized that the sufficient and efficient ventilation and illumination is a
must to protect the health of the workers.
97%
3%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Yes No

TABLE 4.7
The extent of maintenance of working environment
Extent of
maintenance
Great extent 6 6%
Good extent 57 57%
Fair extent 37 37%
Not at all 0 0%
Total 100 100%
ANALYSIS:
The above shows that 57% of employees feel that the working environment is maintained
to a good extent. While 37% of them feel that the working environment is maintained to

fair extent & 6% of employees feel that the working environment is maintained to a great
extent.
GRAPH 4.7
The next maintenance of working environment.
INFERENCE:
From the above analysis we can reveal that majority of employees feel good about the
working environment. This depicts that the KSRTC working environment is in good
condition for reaching targets.
6%
57%
37%
0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Great extent Good extent Fair extent Not at all

Table 4.8
Whether the organization provides waste containers to dispose waste.
Providing waste
containers
Yes 100 100%
No 0 0%
ANALYSIS:
From the above table it is clear that all the employees have agreed that the organization is
taking much care for disposal of waste which could harm the employee’s health to great
extent. All the employees have agreed that the organization is taking much care for
disposal of waste which could harm the employee’s health to great extent.

GRAPH 4.8
Whether the organization provides waste containers to dispose waste.
INFERENCE:
The above analysis can be inferred that all the employees have agreed that the
organization is taking much care for disposal of waste which could harm the employee’s
health to great extent. All employees have agreed that the organization is providing waste
containers to dispose waste 100% employees have agreed the same.
100%
0%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Yes No

Table 4.9
The opinion about working condition
Opinion about
working condition
No of
Respondents
Percentage
Very Good 51 51%
Good 43 43%
Average 6 6%
Total 100 100%
ANALYSES:
The above table shows that 51% of employees feel that the working condition is very
good. 43% of them feel that the working condition is good & 6% of employees feel that
the working condition is average.

GRAPH 4.10
The opinion about working condition
INFERENCE:
From the above analyzed information we can say that the majority of employees are
satisfied with the working condition this results that the KSRTC is providing very good
working condition for its employees mainly for accomplished goals.
51%
43%
6%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Very Good Good Average

TABLE 4.11
15) Table showing employee satisfaction towards medical facility provided by the
KSRTC
Sl. No Options No of respondents Percentage
1 Highly satisfied 02 02%
2 Satisfied 74 74%
3 Not satisfied 24 24%
TOTAL 100 100%
ANALYSIS:
The above table explains employee satisfaction about medical facility provided by the
KSRTC. 74% respondents are satisfied. 2% respondents highly satisfied and 24% of
respondents are not satisfied with medical facility provide by the KSRTC.

TABLE 4.11
The graph showing employee satisfaction towards medical facility provided by the
KSRTC
INFERENCE:
The above graph shows 74 respondents are satisfied, 2 respondents are highly
satisfied and 24 respondents are not satisfied with medical benefit provided by the
KSRTC.
2
74
24
2%
74%
24%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Highly satisfied Satisfied Not satisfied
No of respondents
Percentage

TABLE 4.12
The organization provides regular health checkup for employees.
Health checkup
for Employees
Yes 97 97%
No 3 3%
Total 100 100%
ANALYSIS:
The above table depicts that 97% of employees agreed that the health checkup is regular.
While 3% are refusing to agree that the health checkup is regular for employees.

GRAPH 4.12
The organization provides regular health checkup for employees.
INFERENCE:
From the above analysis it can be seen that majority of the employees have agreed that
the organization is providing regular health checkup. This reveals that the KSRTC is
much interested in taking care of their employee’s health.
97%
3%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Yes No

TABLE 4.13
Whether machines are checked before starting the work.
Machines are checked No of respondents Percentage
Yes 97 97%
No 3 3%
Total 100 100%
ANALYSIS:
From the above table it can be seen that all employees agree that the machines are
checked before starting up the work.

GRAPH 4.13
Weather machines are checked before starting the work.
INFERENCE:
The above analysis infers that the employees agree that the machines are checked before
starting up the work. The shows that all employees have agreed that machine must be
checked before starting up the work. This could avoid machine accidents.
97%
3%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Yes No

TABLE 4.14
The rating and working in shifts.
ANALYSIS :
The above table shows that 54% of employees feel that working in shifts is satisfactory,
43% of them feel that working in shifts is good and 3% of employees feel that working in
shifts is excellent.
Particulars No .of Respondents Percentage
EXCELLENT 3 3%
GOOD 43 43%
SATISFACTORY 54 54%
UNSATISFACTORY 0 0%
TOTAL 100 100%

GRAPH 4.14
The rating and working in shifts:
INFERENCE:
From the above graph it can be seen that the maximum number of employees are feeling
satisfactory while working in shifts, this could be mainly where the shifts can make the
workers relief from stress, boredom, monotony stain etc.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
3
43
54
0

TABLE 4.15
That uniform protection for employees:
ANALYSIS:
The above tables we can find that 74% employees feel that the uniform is maximum
protected for them. While 26% of employees feel that the protection of the uniform is
maximum which is provided by the organization.
Particulars No. Of Respondents Percentage
MAXIMUM 74 74%
MINIMUM 26 26%
TOTAL 100 100%

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