Climate change Climate change today can be termed to be an issue that affects most parts of the world. It is shifting the patterns of food production and it is increasing the related risks like the catastrophic floods. The impact of climate change is global in the scope and in the scale is unprecedented. When proper and mitigation actions are not taken as early as now, the impact that the issue revolving around climate change will have in the future will be more difficult to handle. Climate change poses an ethical issue to humanity and people have the moral right and obligation that helps them to respond to it [endnoteRef:1] [1: Thomas, Chris D., Alison Cameron, Rhys E. Green, Michel Bakkenes, Linda J. Beaumont, Yvonne C. Collingham, Barend FN Erasmus et al. "Extinction risk from climate change." Nature 427, no. 6970 (2004): 145.] There has been an increase in the cases of diseases according to WHO statistics that are caused by climate change as a result of high temperatures [endnoteRef:2]The areas that experience climate change experience high atmospheric temperature, they rise very high during the day and fall very low at night. On the other side, the unpredicted rainfall in the different areas that experience climate change makes the farmer's calendar to be disrupted. When the rainfall is not consistent and affects the farmer’s calendar then the food supply will reduce and hence affect the population that depends on the food from farms. [2: Patz, Jonathan A., Holly K. Gibbs, Jonathan A. Foley, Jamesine V. Rogers, and Kirk R. Smith. "Climate change and global health: quantifying a growing ethical crisis." EcoHealth4, no. 4 (2007): 397-405.] The effects that climate change poses on the globe are evident all over on the environment. The glacier has shrunk, the ice that is found on the river is breaking up very earlier, the plants and animals ranges have moved and shifted and the plants are flowering sooner than its normal. However, these effects have been predicted by the scientist and they have been looking at the effects like the loss of seas, the sea level are rising and are becoming longer and lastly, more intense heat waves have been experienced. The changes in climate call for an urgent task to make and develop proper predictions about the biological response to climate change [endnoteRef:3] [3: Urban, Mark C., Greta Bocedi, Andrew P. Hendry, J-B. Mihoub, Guy Pe’er, Alex Singer, J. R. Bridle et al. "Improving the forecast for biodiversity under climate change." Science353, no. 6304 (2016): aad8466.] The scientists have been developing new ways to help us to understand climate change then helps us to know the impact that climate change has today and, in the decades, to come. This understanding will help the decision makers to place climate change as one of the major challenges that are facing the world today. The impact that climate change has on crop production due to a doubling of the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosph.

1. Climate change
Climate change today can be termed to be an issue that affects
most parts of the world. It is shifting the patterns of food
production and it is increasing the related risks like the
catastrophic floods. The impact of climate change is global in
the scope and in the scale is unprecedented. When proper and
mitigation actions are not taken as early as now, the impact that
the issue revolving around climate change will have in the
future will be more difficult to handle. Climate change poses an
ethical issue to humanity and people have the moral right and

2. obligation that helps them to respond to it [endnoteRef:1] [1:
Thomas, Chris D., Alison Cameron, Rhys E. Green, Michel
Bakkenes, Linda J. Beaumont, Yvonne C. Collingham, Barend
FN Erasmus et al. "Extinction risk from climate
change." Nature 427, no. 6970 (2004): 145.]
There has been an increase in the cases of diseases
according to WHO statistics that are caused by climate change
as a result of high temperatures [endnoteRef:2]The areas that
experience climate change experience high atmospheric
temperature, they rise very high during the day and fall very
low at night. On the other side, the unpredicted rainfall in the
different areas that experience climate change makes the
farmer's calendar to be disrupted. When the rainfall is not
consistent and affects the farmer’s calendar then the food
supply will reduce and hence affect the population that depends
on the food from farms. [2: Patz, Jonathan A., Holly K. Gibbs,
Jonathan A. Foley, Jamesine V. Rogers, and Kirk R. Smith.
"Climate change and global health: quantifying a growing
ethical crisis." EcoHealth4, no. 4 (2007): 397-405.]
The effects that climate change poses on the globe are
evident all over on the environment. The glacier has shrunk, the
ice that is found on the river is breaking up very earlier, the
plants and animals ranges have moved and shifted and the plants
are flowering sooner than its normal. However, these effects
have been predicted by the scientist and they have been looking
at the effects like the loss of seas, the sea level are rising and
are becoming longer and lastly, more intense heat waves have
been experienced. The changes in climate call for an urgent task
to make and develop proper predictions about the biological
response to climate change [endnoteRef:3] [3: Urban, Mark C.,
Greta Bocedi, Andrew P. Hendry, J-B. Mihoub, Guy Pe’er, Alex
Singer, J. R. Bridle et al. "Improving the forecast for
biodiversity under climate change." Science353, no. 6304
(2016): aad8466.]

3. The scientists have been developing new ways to help us
to understand climate change then helps us to know the impact
that climate change has today and, in the decades, to come. This
understanding will help the decision makers to place climate
change as one of the major challenges that are facing the world
today. The impact that climate change has on crop production
due to a doubling of the levels of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere [endnoteRef:4], However, there are still many
uncertainties that need to be understood in the complex system
like the earth and its climate. [4: Rosenzweig, Cynthia, and
Martin L. Parry. "Potential impact of climate change on world
food supply." Nature 367, no. 6459 (1994): 133.]
More so, there is credible evidence body that is based on
the research that has been done and has been doing
documentation of the climate changes effects and how they
affect human activities. The main benefit of having an
integrated assessment model is to help see the relationship that
exist between different sectors which otherwise would have
been hard to discern [endnoteRef:5]While still such scientific
question sure being analyzed and their hypothesis being
examined, there are still scientific debates and seek of
alternative explanation about the cases in climate changes. What
the decision makers have been working on and wanted to
expand is the question is, “What is happening?”, More so, they
are debating on the question, “what can we do?”. [5: Clarke,
Leon, J. Lurz, M. Wise, J. Edmonds, S. Kim, S. Smith, and
Hugh Pitcher. "Model documentation for the minicam climate
change science program stabilization scenarios: Ccsp product
2.1 a." Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PNNL-
16735 (2007).]
To address these questions the body of a scientist can
be helping to respond to them. There are many prevalent human
diseases that result from changes in climate such as

4. cardiovascular diseases [endnoteRef:6]The research has
consequences on climate change, there is a body that deals with
technologies and policies that are helpful to limit the effects
and the magnitude of future climate change, but has been
helpful in helping to expand the knowledge to help to
understand climate change. There are ways that have been put
across and advice that are on prudent short term and the other
long-term action and strategies. [6: Patz, Jonathan A., Diarmid
Campbell-Lendrum, Tracey Holloway, and Jonathan A. Foley.
"Impact of regional climate change on human
health." Nature 438, no. 7066 (2005): 310.]
The most assessed factor that causes climate change have
been human factors and how they cause climate change, in the
past, in the present time and in the future [endnoteRef:7]Human
and their activities have been influenced by climate. This is
irrespective of the wealth and even the industrial society that
we have, climate change still affects human wellbeing in
different ways. It influences the ways human beings live, hat
they eat, how they even get their income and many more
factors. [7: Houghton, John T., L. G. Meiro Filho, Bruce A.
Callander, Neil Harris, Arie Kattenburg, and Kathy Maskell.
"Climate change 1995: the science of climate change." Climatic
Change (1996): 584.]
On the other side, human beings also affect climate in
different ways, the process of earth warming have multiple
evidence that it comes from warming that is primarily caused by
human activities. These activities are like burning fuels and
other many activities that release heat-trapping gases that are
termed as greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The future
prediction that is being put across is that the earth will continue
to effects the earth and human activities until sustainable action
are taken to mitigate it. These activities are the ones that are
mainly concerned with reducing the emission of greenhouse
gases. There are rapid implantation of activities and

5. technologies that are aimed at reducing the effects of emission
of greenhouse gases [endnoteRef:8] [8: Thomas, Chris D.,
Alison Cameron, Rhys E. Green, Michel Bakkenes, Linda J.
Beaumont, Yvonne C. Collingham, Barend FN Erasmus et al.
"Extinction risk from climate change." Nature 427, no. 6970
(2004): 145.]
Although the details of how the issue in climate change
will affect the future are still not very well understood, it is
evident that we should expect consequences in either way. Even
as the scientist do more and more research, they cannot
completely eliminate the uncertainties that we have about
climate change but can only provide the information that the
decision makers need in order to make choices that reduces the
impact of the risks. The united nation and the other stakeholders
are coming up with strategic steps that are supposed to be
implemented and to adopt the response. Since the impacts cuts
across different sectors. The advantage of the control policy
that can be used to control up to decades as the stabilization
actions will make them incur the cost [endnoteRef:9] [9:
Nordhaus, William D. Managing the global commons: the
economics of climate change. Vol. 31. Cambridge, MA: MIT
press, 1994.]
Like any other science climate change will be proceeded
by the accumulation of data and the formulation, testing, and
then the refinement of the hypothesis, the theories and then
produce new predictions which will be used to test the
hypothesis. This can be through models, observations and other
experiments that help to expand on scientific research and
become able to refute the prediction that has been made about
climate changes.
There is a need to integrate social and economic pillar without
affecting the livelihood of the generation to come in the
agricultural sector [endnoteRef:10]The data that I used for the
research was mainly from the research that has been collected

6. on the factors that influence climate change. These data came
from the changes in land usage and identifying the different
variabilities that shape the long-term warming effects on earth.
Observation and characterization of the uncertainties which is
very important in the scientific enterprise. Some of the
literature material that has been exploring the issue around
climate change are many and have covered the different side of
the issue: [10: Fischer, Günther, Mahendra M. Shah, and H. T.
Van Velthuizen. "Climate change and agricultural
vulnerability." (2002).]
Climate justice: hope, resilience, and the fight for a sustainable
future by Mary Robinson. It explains that climate change like
any other issue in society is a human right issue. It goes ahead
and explains that the most vulnerable community are the most
likely to be on the front line to advocate for climate change. In
the literature, mature brings out experiences that make us feel
the impact that we have to impact climate change and putting
them to action.
The impact of climate change has been seen in the
different ecological environment from tropical to terrestrial and
affects both flora and fauna [endnoteRef:11]Below freezing:
energy for the melting planet by Donald Anderson. He explains
more other than just the climate change and the debate in it. It
is a unique assemblage of all sort of scientific data that we need
to know in the era where the climate had been greatly altered by
human activities. The information in this work can be from,
newspaper reports, poetry, history, nonfiction, and creative
nonfiction. [11: Walther, Gian-Reto, Eric Post, Peter Convey,
Annette Menzel, Camille Parmesan, Trevor JC Beebee, Jean-
Marc Fromentin, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, and Franz Bairlein.
"Ecological responses to recent climate change." Nature 416,
no. 6879 (2002): 389.]
Tunefulness: how thinking like a geologist can help save the
world by Marcia Bjornerud. she tries to explain how the act of

7. determining the pace of the solid earth can be helpful and builds
up erosions and then relates them with the other unstable
rhythms of the ocean and the atmosphere. The rates at which the
earth system changes vary some are fast while others are slow.
In short, she helps to explain why tunefulness is vital in the
Anthropocene which the human act in facilitation planet change
then she goes ahead to explain solutions.
The method that I will use to collect data in the future will be
fully dependent on different factors. there are obviously
changes that are happening, the methods of generating data that
can be used for a global model which can as well be used
locally to analyze the relevant impacts and the vulnerabilities of
climate change. The areas around the coast are well suited to
help in the explanation of different climate changes
[endnoteRef:12]Since the coastal region is most vulnerable,
then I can analyze the strength and the challenges that I expect
and those that were experienced by climate change project
partners. This will open a room for me to be able to conduct
research on the area I have interest in. including the available
data limits. [12: Change, Avoiding Dangerous Climate, Tony
Blair, and Rajendra Pachauri. Avoiding dangerous climate
change. Cambridge University Press, 2006.]
As I seek to understand climate change, there are formidable
challenges that I will face but above that, I will need to build on
the strength that I will have in the scientific enterprise. And the
other many existing activities:
· Focus on understanding as well as help to form informed
solutions to local. Regional and national problems as well as
those that affect the entire globe
· Make use of different knowledge that entails the social,
physical, health and even ecological science.
· Make my work to be based on human society other than the
individual environment, the system that works in isolation.
· Make use of the opinion from decision makers that are from
different locations since different location have different

8. dynamics of human activities that influence climate change.
· Lastly, I can work in decision making and the risk
management to face the uncertainties that happen but remain
flexible and adaptive to new research option and priorities
There is an ethical issue that may arise in the course of the
project are may affect the outcome from the research: first
climate changes are caused by human activities and nation that
which puts other people and nation in a risk who have done
barely anything in causing climate change. The other-other
ethical issue is that the people who are at risk can do very little
to protect themselves from the risk caused by climate change.
The people who I may interact with may not be willing to
provide data since they may be the cause or the contributors of
the act. In business ethics, the industries that are involved and
the ethical dilemma comes in when we look at the relationship
between the emission of gas and profit industries earn
[endnoteRef:13] [13: Thomas, Chris D., Alison Cameron, Rhys
E. Green, Michel Bakkenes, Linda J. Beaumont, Yvonne C.
Collingham, Barend FN Erasmus et al. "Extinction risk from
climate change." Nature 427, no. 6970 (2004): 145.]
Bibliography