Stem cell therapy may be the solution against most of ailments of multi cellular organism (MCO). It can be worked as a raw material for tissue engineering unit

1. Stem Cell: A Raw Material in Tissue Engineering
Dr. Balwant Meshram
Asso. Prof., Department of Anatomy
CVAS, Navania, Vallabhnagar
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A self assertive title of this article is not an attempt to provide one more
career option for the veterinarian, but also it will provide an access of thinking on
research stricture. Author would not hesitate to foresee altered look from his
colleague readers when they will find this publication. The scientific community
may say that, this article gives the initial impression of fiction. Factually, the
motto of this basket which is being served is to make available a thought among
intellectuals if the curative medicine requires for healing the ailment, why not the
replacement cell therapy be there to replace the so called curative medicine?
This paper finds the stem cell therapy as the solution against most of
ailments of multi cellular organism (MCO). Researchers are well versed with that
submission of microscopic anatomy where it is being learnt that, cell makes the
tissue, tissue makes the organ, organ makes the system and different system
works altogether for the every living entity called MCO. Certainly it is a matter of
convenience that, cell, nevertheless which known as building block of MCO would
be the raw material of that engineering unit where certain tissue may be
manufactured and for that units sophisticated name might be used as laboratory
or precisely the workshop.
In general, Stem cells are of two types. Embryonic Stem Cells (ESC) can be
collected from embryos, which may develop by way of in vitro fertilization or can
also be collected from aborted embryos. Another type is Adult Stem Cells (ASC)
which can be obtained from any limited tissues such as bone marrow, adipose
tissue, muscle, dental pulp, amnion, synovial membrane and placental cord etc.
If we think for potential uses of Stem Cells then its use in basic research
remains appropriate as in human development, molecular basis of cancer,
molecular mechanisms for gene control, role of signals in gene expression &
differentiation of the stem cell and signaling pathways. The stem cell therapy may
be much more useful in the complete stream of biotechnology while getting into
cell-based therapies and pharmaceutical development, which includes drug
testing and drug delivery. These are applications within regenerative medicine.
Stem cell have an ability to divide continuously and differentiate (develop)
into various other kind(s) of cells/tissues. It is Capable of dividing and renewing
themselves for long periods of time (proliferation and renewal). It has the
potential to give rise to specialized cell types (differentiation). Different types of
stem cells are named as Totipotent, Pluripotent and Multipotent. Totipotent stem
cell can develop into new individual. Pluripotent are those stem cells which can
form any type of cells and Multipotent stem cells differentiated and can form
other several tissues.

2. The researchers are trying to think in larger scenario for stem cell therapy
but it involves some sort of legal and basic right issues. Developed world
examining the issue with constraint as there is the probability of harvesting of
large numbers of embryos. Totipotent Stem Cells may cause the immune
rejection. In Pluripotent and Multipotent stem cell types the isolation of cells is
facing limited outcome but in this type patients own cells can be used which may
be resulted with less cause of immune rejection.
Stem cell theory may endow with wide spectrum of study, the true
emerging multidisciplinary in the name of Tissue engineering or regenerative
medicine. This arena, involving biology, medicine and engineering which is ready
to achieve revolution while improving health and quality of life for millions of
people worldwide by restoring, maintaining or enhancing tissue and organ
function. In addition to having a therapeutic application, where the tissue is
either grown in vivo or in vitro or even can be transplanted, tissue engineering
can have diagnostic applications where the tissue testing is possible against drug
metabolism and uptake, toxicity and pathogenicity. The foundation of tissue
engineering or regenerative medicine for either therapeutic or diagnostic
applications is the ability to make use of living cells in a variety of ways. Different
areas of tissue engineering research may be as follows.
1. Biomaterials that are designed to direct the organization, growth and
differentiation of cells in the process of forming functional tissue by providing
physical and chemical signal.
2. Cells methodologies for the proliferation and differentiation, acquiring
the appropriate source of cells such as autologous cells, allogeneic cells,
xenogeneic cells, stem cells, genetically engineered cells and immunological
manipulation.
3. Biomolecules as angiogenic factors, growth factors, differentiation factors
and bone morphogenic proteins.
4. Engineering design sspects may be the 2-d cell expansion, 3-d tissue
growth, bioreactors, vascularization, cell and tissue storage and shipping
(biological packaging).
5. Biomechanical design, the properties of native tissues, identification of
minimum properties required of engineered tissues, mechanical signals
regulating engineered tissues and efficacy and safety of engineered tissues.
6. Informatics to support tissue engineering as to gene and protein
sequencing, gene expression analysis, protein expression and interaction
analysis, quantitative cellular image analysis, quantitative tissue analysis and
cell modeling, digital tissue manufacturing, automated quality assurance
systems, data mining tools and clinical informatics interfaces.
Stem cell and thereby allied avenues are indispensable for any of the
intellect strength but it requires to be kept in mind that the avenues may be
shaped up at certain point of human requirement.