This document discusses the concept of oushadha or medicinal substances in Ayurveda. It begins with an introduction to panchamahabhutas and how they are present in all substances including the human body. It then defines oushadha as any substance prescribed by a physician for treatment. All substances can potentially be considered oushadha as they are composed of panchamahabhutas. It outlines the ideal characteristics of substances used as medicines and discusses the concept of oushadhatwa, where a substance only becomes a medicine when prepared and used properly according to the disease and patient. The principle of samana vridhi sidhanta is described where substances can increase or
5. pÉÔiÉåprÉÉåÌWûmÉUÇrÉxqÉÉiÉçlÉÉÎxiÉÍcÉliÉÉÍcÉÌMüÎixÉiÉå| xÉÑ zÉÉ 1.13
Because human body and dravya has got
panchabhoota composition,no other substance
without Panchbhootas can be used in treatments.
aÉÑhÉÉrÉE£üÉSìèurÉåwÉÑzÉUÏUåwuÉÌmÉiÉåiÉjÉÉ|
xjÉÉlÉuÉ×ή¤ÉrÉiÉxqÉÉSèSåÌWlÉÉåSìèurÉWåûiÉÑMüÉ:||xÉÑ xÉÔ 2
SìèurÉUxÉaÉÑhÉuÉÏrÉïÌuÉmÉÉMüÌlÉÍqɨÉåcɤÉrÉuÉ×ήSÉåwÉÉhÉÉÇ
xÉÉqrÉqÉçcÉ|
xÉÑ.xÉÔ 46
Vridhi, kshaya and samavastha of doshas are under the
control of dravyas , ie, their properties..
www.ayurvedappt.blogspot.com
6. AlÉålÉ ÌlÉSzÉïlÉålÉ lÉÉlÉÉæwÉÍkÉpÉÑiÉqÉç eÉaÉÌiÉ ÌMÇüÍcÉiÉç SìèurÉqÉÎxiÉ |
xÉÑ xÉÔ 41.5
Being panchabhoutika all dravyas in the universe
can be considered as oushadha.
www.ayurvedappt.blogspot.com
7. OUSHADHA
In Amarakosa oushadha is a synonym of chikitsa
AÉæwÉkÉqÉçUÉåaÉÌlÉuÉÉUMüqÉçSìurÉqÉç | cÉ.xÉÔ 1.32
uÉæ±ÉåurÉÉÍkÉqÉçWûUåiÉçrÉålÉiÉiÉçSìurÉqÉç
mÉëÉå£üqÉÉæwÉkÉqÉç| pÉÉ.mÉë
Dravya prescribed by Physician for the treatment
of disease is oushadha.
www.ayurvedappt.blogspot.com
8. Dravya is one among the chikitsa chatushpadas .
An ideal dravya must possess the following
charecteristics:
oÉWÒûiÉÉiɧÉrÉÉåarÉiuÉqÉlÉåMüÌuÉkÉMüsmÉlÉÉ|
xÉÇmÉccÉåÌiÉcÉiÉÑwMüÉårÉÇSìèurÉÉhÉÉÇaÉÑhÉEcrÉiÉå|| A xÉÇ xÉÔ. 1
Bahuta- should be abundantly available.
Yogyatwa- should be of maximum utility.
Anekavidha kalpana- should be made into different
formulations.
Sampath- should possess best qualities.
www.ayurvedappt.blogspot.com
9. OUSHADHATWA OF DRAVYA
UxÉMüsMüÉÌSMüsmÉlÉÉÍxÉ®qÉÉæwÉkÉqÉç
For treatment Dravya must be Kalpana Sidha ,ie,
undergone samskaras like Swarasa , Kalka etc.
But sometimes we use dravya itself without any
kalpana
eg – Eranda thaila for virechana.
In that case physician may prescribe oushadha
according to rogi and rogaavastha in correct dose.
www.ayurvedappt.blogspot.com
10. In all cases dravya may not be considered as
oushadha eventhough kalpana sidha.It will
change according to rogavastha.
eg- Khadira in Kushta & Nisa in Prameha.
* Also a dravya which is to be used externally
may not be oushadha if used internally.
* Oushadatwa of dravya also change according to
bheshaja kaalas.
www.ayurvedappt.blogspot.com
11. So dravya is called as oushadha when it is
used or given to maintain normal health and
relief from disease.
To pacify disease it is used in
* proper union- Yukti
* after proper kalpana - swarasa etc
* in proper time - kaala
* in proper combination – samyoga
* in proper dosage - maatra.
www.ayurvedappt.blogspot.com
12. All these depends on decision of Vaidya.
He will prescribe a dravya as oushadha after roga
and rogi pariksha.
This is termed as Yuktipurvaka chikitsa.
www.ayurvedappt.blogspot.com
13. PRINCIPLE BEHIND THE USE OF DRAVYA
AS OUSHADHA
SAMANA VRIDHI SIDHANTA
xÉuÉïSÉ xÉuÉïpÉÉuÉÉlÉÉqÉç xÉÉqÉÉlrqÉç uÉ×ήMüÉUhÉÇ |
¾ûÉxÉWåûiÉÑ ÌuÉzÉåwÉ¶É ...........|| cÉxÉÔ 1.44
The same qualities of a dravya will increase that
particular property while opposite qualities will decrease
the property.
This principle is applied in treatment to keep human body
in normal state.
Therefore even simple plants , mutra, mala etc to precious
gems or stones can be used to treat diseases.
www.ayurvedappt.blogspot.com
15. INTRODUCTION
7 padarthas in dravya guna sastra
ie dravya ,rasa, guna, virya, vipaka, prabhava and
karma.
Among them dravya is considered pradhana.
Susrutha &Nagarjuna explains the importance
of each padartha.
www.ayurvedappt.blogspot.com
16. Susrutha in Sutrasthana 40 th chapter enumerates following
yuktis to establish dravya pradhanya.
1. Vyavasthitatwa
2. Nityatwa
3. Swajatyavasthana.
4.Panchendriyagrahana
5.Asrayatwa
6.Aramba samarthya
7.Sastra pramanya
8.Kramapekshitatwa.
9.Ekadesasadhyatwa.
Apart from these,Acharya Nagarjuna has given below concepts
also –
1.Taratama yoganupalabdi
2.Vikalpa samarthya
3.Pratighata samarthya.
www.ayurvedappt.blogspot.com
17. VYAVASTHITATWA
Means sthiratwa - stability
(Vachaspatya&Sabdakalpadruma)
urÉuÉÎxjÉiÉiuÉÉiÉç CWû ZÉsÉÑ SìèurÉÇ urÉuÉÎxjÉiÉÇ lÉ UxÉÉSrÉ:|
xÉÑxÉÔ 40.3
Dravya will always be stable but guna and karma are
unstable.
Jambu phala - colour
Bala - durva angura
Purna - mechaka varna
Pakwa – anjana sannibha
www.ayurvedappt.blogspot.com
18. NITYATWA
Means Saswatatwam
ÌlÉirÉiuÉÉŠ,ÌlÉirÉÇ ÌWû SìurÉÇ AÌlÉirÉÉ aÉÑhÉÉ:xÉÑ xÉÔ 40.3
ÌlÉirÉiuÉÇcÉ SìurÉÉhÉÉÇMüÉsÉmÉËUhÉÉqÉålÉÉlrÉjÉÉpÉÉuÉåÌmÉ
iÉSåuÉåSÍqÉÌiÉmÉëirÉÍpÉerÉÉrÉqÉÉlÉiuÉÉSuÉaÉliÉurÉqÉç|WûÉ
Dravya is permanent but due to the effect of
kala, jala, vata etc, rasadi guna will become less
or changed.
www.ayurvedappt.blogspot.com
22. ARAMBASAMARTHYA
Aramba means upakarma - a synonym of chikitsa
AÉUqpÉxÉÉqÉjrÉÉïŠ, SìurÉÉÍ´ÉiÉ AÉUqpÉ:| xÉÑ xÉÔ 40.3
When we need a dravya for treatment the vaidya will
ask to bring that dravya only ,not a dravya with particular
rasa or guna.
AÉUqpÉ¶É ÍcÉÌMüixÉÉrÉÉÇ Ì¢ürÉÉUqpÉ:| . . . . . . .AÌuÉMüsÉåÎlSìrÉ: mÉÑÂwÉ:
mÉëkÉÉlÉÉå SìwÉçOû mÉlMüÉåËUÌiÉ |
U uÉæ pÉ1.104
A person with disability is inferior to a normal healthy
person.
www.ayurvedappt.blogspot.com
24. KRAMAPEKSHITATWA
¢üqÉÉmÉåͤÉiÉiuÉÉŠ UxÉÉSÏlÉÉÇ,UxÉÉSrÉÉå ÌWû SìèurÉ¢üqÉqÉmÉå¤ÉliÉå|
S.Su40.3
Rasadi of a dravya always depends upon present state of
dravya.
When dravya is immature rasadi guna will also be
immature and when fully matured , rasadis also fully
matured.
eg- Amra
Bala- Increases vata & pitha
Purna - Increases pitha
Pakwa _ Decreases vata
CiÉUåwÉÉÇ SìurÉxrÉ AlÉÑÌuÉkÉÉlÉÉiÉç,SìurÉqÉlÉÑuÉiÉïiÉå ÌWû UxÉÉSrÉ:,aÉÑUÉå
ÍzÉwrÉÉ CÌiÉ
U uÉæ
Anuvidhana- rasadis follows dravya like students andwww.ayurvedappt.blogspot.com
25. EKADESASADHYATWA
Ekadesa means avayava, bhaga etc
LMüSåzÉxÉÉkrÉiuÉÉŠ,SìurÉÉhÉÉqÉåMüSåzÉålÉÉÌmÉurÉÉkÉrÉ:xÉɱliÉå....
xÉÑ xÉÔ 40.3
Different parts of dravya are used separately for
their therapeutic action.
Eg- Snuhi kshira , Twak of aswatha etc
Also different parts of dravya sometimes possess
variation in rasadis.
www.ayurvedappt.blogspot.com
26. TARATAMAYOGANUPALABDI
iÉUiÉqÉrÉÉåaÉÉåUxÉÉÌSwÉÑ Sعè :| . . . . . .SìèurÉåwÉÑ lÉÉÎxiÉ. . .
.iÉxqÉÉiÉçiÉUiÉqÉrÉÉåaÉÉpÉÉuÉÉiÉçUxÉÉÌSprÉÉåSèurÉqÉç
mÉëkÉÉlÉÍqÉÌiÉ| U uÉæ1.100
As dravya is vyavasthita ,no grades of intensity
But rasadis can exist in different grades of
intensity to exhibit different actions.
Eg- Madhura – M tara & M tama
Mridu – samyak – Ativirechana.www.ayurvedappt.blogspot.com
27. VIKALPA SAMARTHYA
ÌuÉÌuÉkÉ: MüsmÉÉåÌuÉMüsmÉ: MüsMüMüwÉÉrÉÉÌS pÉåSålÉ,. . . . . . .
iÉiÉçxÉuÉïqÉçSìèurÉxrÉåuÉlÉAlrÉxrÉåÌiÉ| UuÉæ1. 105
The different kalpanas are made only with dravya
but not with rasadi guna.
www.ayurvedappt.blogspot.com
29. Among the above yuktis asrayatwa is important.
SìèurÉqÉåuÉ UxÉÉSÏlÉÉÇ´Éå¹qÉç,iÉåÌWûiÉSÉ´ÉrÉÉ:| A.WØû xÉÔ 1.1
mÉÉMüÉålÉÉÎxiÉÌuÉlÉÉuÉÏrÉÉïiÉçuÉÏrÉïÇ lÉÉÎxiÉÌuÉlÉÉUxÉÉiÉç|
UxÉÉålÉÉÎxiÉÌuÉlÉÉSìurÉÉiÉçSìèurÉÇ ´Éå¹iÉqÉqÉçxqÉ×iÉqÉç| | xÉÑ xÉÔ 40.15
Without virya no vipaka,without rasa no virya,
without dravya no rasa,so dravya is most
important. www.ayurvedappt.blogspot.com
30. CONCLUSION
Among the 7 padarthas of dravyaguna sastra
dravya is relatively more important as all other
properties depends on dravya for their existence.
eÉlqÉiÉÑSìèurÉUxÉrÉÉåUlrÉÉåmÉåͤÉMÇüxqÉ×iÉÇ|
AlrÉÉålrÉÉmÉåͤÉMÇüeÉlqÉrÉjÉÉxrÉɬåWûSåÌWûlÉÉå|| xÉÑ xÉÔ40 16
Rasa,guna etc will have their genesis simultaneously with
dravya but not separately.Their relation is compared with
Deha & Dehi ie body and soul.
www.ayurvedappt.blogspot.com