A simple explanation on biomedical waste management for PCl nursing student.

5. WASTE MANAGEMENT
SUBMITTED TO:
 Madam Sirjana khatiwada
 Madam Sudha Bhandari
 Madam Nirupa Rimal
Nursing Instructor
PCL Nursing 3rd year
SUBMITTED BY:
 Ashu Shrestha-10
 Geeta Ghale-16
 Prabina Lama-20
 Sapana Bastola-32
 Susmita Gurung-39
 Anjali Bal-4
 Anushila Regmi-8
 Dipana Amatya-15
 Preeti Amgai-22
 Roshani Tamang-27
 Samina Malla-30
 Sumitra Shrestha-38
 Arpana Wagle-9
 Shristi Kunwar-33

6. Content:
 Definition of Waste management
 Definition of Hospital waste
 Purposes of waste management
 Types of biomedical waste
 Benefits from waste management
 Color coding of containers
 Approach of hospital waste management
 Medical waste treatment and disposal
 Roles and responsibilities
 Summarization
 References

7. DEFINITION
• The generation , prevention, characterization,
monitoring, treatment, handling, reuse and
residual disposition of solid waste.

8. HOSPITAL WASTE
• According to WHO, Medical waste is the waste
generated by health care activities that includes a broad
range of materials , from used needles and syringes to
soiled dressings, body parts , diagnostic samples , blood
, chemicals , pharmaceuticals , medical devices and
radioactive materials.
• 75 to 90% are non infectious
• 10 to 20% are infectious
• In 2000, WHO estimated contaminated injection with
contaminated syringe caused 21million Hep.B infection,2
million Hep. C infection and 260,000 HIV infection.

9. Purposes of waste
management

10. Purpose of waste management
• To prevent of waste material being created.
• To prevent the injuries from sharps that may lead to infection to all
categories of hospital personnel and waste handler.
• To prevent the nosocomial infection.
• To prevent cross infection.
• To avoid the risk associated with hazards chemicals, drugs to
personnel handling waste at all level.
• To minimize the risk of air, water and soil pollution directly due to
waste or due to defective incineration emission and ash.
• To reduce waste.
• To encourage consumers to avoid using disposable product.

11. Types of hospital waste

12. TYPES OF MEDICAL WASTE
General
• Domestic and
household types
waste
• Non hazardous waste
Infectious waste
• Biological waste
• Sharp waste
• Discarded biological
• Pharmaceutical
• Chemical waste
• Genotoxic waste
• Radioactive waste

14. Benefits from waste
management

15. Benefits
Economic
Social
Environmen
tal

16. Color coding of container as per types of hospital waste
According to WHO guidelines

17. RISKS WASTE
Infectious waste
Pathological waste
Sharps
Pharmaceutical & genotoxic
Heavy metal, pressurized ,
radioactive waste

18. NON RISK WASTE
paper
plastic
bottle , can and rubber
unbroken glass
metal
biodegradable waste

19. Approach

20. Waste
management
approach
Minimization
Segregation
Storage and
transportation
Treatment
and
disposal
Training
to staff

22. Waste minimization

23. Waste segregation and
collection

24. Waste storage and
transportation

25. Waste treatment and disposal

26. Training to health care worker

28. Medical waste treatment and
disposable methods

29. • General waste:
The safe disposal of this waste is
responsible of the local authority.
• Biomedical waste:

30. - Autoclaving:
Autoclaves are closed chambers that apply
both heat and pressure over a period of time
to sterilize medical equipment. It is typically
used sharps waste and certain other types
like waste from laboratory dishes and
devices.

31. - Deep burial :
Human anatomical waste like human
tissues, organs, body parts, placenta etc.
are deep buried in cities.

32. - Shredding:
The plastic waste, sharp waste should be
shredding but only after chemical treatment
/Autoclaving etc.

33. - Chemical treatment:
Chemical treatment is designed to
decontaminate or deactivate certain wastes
on site rather than packaging and sending
them to a separate facility.

34. - Incineration:
Incineration is method by which a high
temperature dry oxidation process that
reduces organic and combustible waste to
organic in combustible matter and results it
in a very significant reduction of waste
volume and weight.

35. - Land Disposal :
Land disposal is typically used for shredded,
treated and decontaminated waste.

36. - Inertization:
It means mixing water with cement and
other substances before disposal in order to
minimize the risk to toxic substance
contained
• In the waste such as 65% pharmaceutical
waste,15% lime, 15% cement and 5%
water .

37. Roles and responsibilities
 Administration
 Staff nurse and other health
workers

38. Roles and responsibilities
Head of hospital:
o Formalizes a waste management team and work with
them to formulate a plan and policy, allocate financial
budget and manpower.
o Training conducted to all staff.
o Vaccinate worker against tetanus and hepatitis B.
o Provide PPE and instruction regarding their use.
o Supervision , monitoring & implementation of action plan.
o Annual reports, accident reports , as required submitted
to concern authority.

39. Roles and responsibilities
Nurse and other staff:
o Monitoring and supervising new staff.
o Collect waste when bin id 3/4th full and untreated
biomedical waste shall not be kept beyond 48 hours.
o Transport waste when visitor flow is minimum.
o Written instruction should be provided regarding color
coding and procedure to be adopted in event of spillage
and accident.
o Proper use of mask and PPE.
o Display bio-hazardous symbol in containers.

40. Summarization

41. References
 Pathak.S, Devkota.R(2018)”Fundamental of Nursing”2nd
Edition , Vidyarthi pustak bhandar, Bhotahity ,
Kathmandu
 Dahal.K, (2016)”Community Health Nursing”6th Edition,
Makalu Publication House , Dillibazar , Kathmandu
 www.who.int
 www.nhrc.gov.np
 www.safetyculture.com