Acid rain is caused by sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides reacting with water and oxygen in the atmosphere to form acids. The main sources of these pollutants are burning fossil fuels like coal. Acid rain damages plants, soils, aquatic animals and buildings. To prevent acid rain and the greenhouse effect, efforts should be made to reduce coal usage and emissions, increase renewable energy sources, and conserve electricity. Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere, causing issues like melting polar ice caps and changes in weather patterns.

2. Acid Rain
• Acid rain refers to rain(or any precipitation i.e.
snow or fog) which is acidic in nature (has pH
less than 5.6)
• It is generally a complex mixture of-
sulphuric acid (H2SO4) along
with sulphurous acid (H2SO3)
and nitric acid(HNO3) along
with nitrous acid(HNO2)

3. Causes Of Acid Rain
• Acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction
that begins when compounds like sulfur
dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into
the air.
• These substances can rise very high into the
atmosphere, where they mix and react with
water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form
more acidic pollutants, known as acid rain.

4. Natural Causes Of Acid Rain

5. Natural Causes Of Acid Rain

6. Man-made Causes Of Acid Rain

7. Man-made Causes Of Acid Rain

8. Chemical Process
Formation of Sulphurous Acid
• S+O2=SO2
• SO2+H2O=H2SO3
Formation of Sulphuric Acid
• 2SO2+O2=2SO3
• SO3+H2O =H2SO4

9. Chemical Process
Formation of Nitrous Acid and Nitric Acid
• N2+O2=2NO
• H2O+2NO2=HNO2+HNO3

11. Effects Of Acid Rain
• Acid rain
damages the
leaves of
plants.
• It depletes the
fertility of the
soil.

12. Effects Of Acid Rain
• It causes respiratory
problems to humans
and animals.
• It destroys marine life.
• It damages buildings
and stone statues

13. Prevention
• Reduce coal use and
increase the use of natural
gas and renewable
resources.
• If the need to burn coal is
still necessary then the using a low-sulfur coal
would be an alternative.
• Use an alternative energy source such as
batteries, solar & wind power, electricity and
the like.

15. Greenhouse Effect
• The greenhouse effect is a process by which
thermal radiation from a planetary surface is
absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases,
and is radiated in all directions.
• The main greenhouse gases are:
1. Water vapour
2. Chlorofluorocarbons
3. Methane
4. Carbon dioxide

16. Methane
•Methane is a primary constituent of natural
gas .
•It absorbs outgoing heat radiation from the
earth , and thus combine to the green house
effect and so considered as a greenhouse gas .
•Methane remains in the atmosphere for
approximately 10 years.
•It is twenty times more effective in trapping
heat in comparison to carbon dioxide

17. Effects Of Greenhouse Effect
• Melting of polar caps,
which endangers the
animals like polar bears
• Change in weather
pattern
• Droughts

18. Prevention
•Reduce carbon dioxide
emissions.
•Conserve electricity by
switching off the TV,
computer, radio and lights
whenever possible.
• Use compact fluorescent light
(CFL) bulbs, which can reduce
energy consumption by
approximately 60 percent, in
place of incandescent light bulbs.

19. By :Ashrith N Shetty