1. Hkkjr esa izeq[k Qlyksa dh dk'r
dh ykxr
Cost of Cultivation of Principal Crops
in India
2007
vFkZ ,oa lkaf[;dh funs'kky;
DIRECTORATE OF ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS
d`f"k ,oa lgdkfjrk foHkkx
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND CO-OPERATION
d` f"k ea=ky;
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE
Hkkjr ljdkj
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
ubZ fnYyh
NEW DELHI
2. vkeq[k FOREWORD
Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk vuqlj.k esa ykbZ tk jgh fHkUu&fHkUu d`f"k vkfFkZd Among the different Agricultural Economic Policies pursued by
uhfr;ksa esa d`f"k ewY; uhfr d`"kh; {ks= esa mRiknu rFkk mRikndrk esa mYys[kuh; the Government of India, the Agricultural Price Policy has been playing
a significant role in bringing about noticeable changes in the production
ifjorZu ykus ds ckjs esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk jgh g®A bldh ewY; uhfr ds
and productivity of the agricultural sector. Under its price policy, the
vUrxZr] la?k ljdkj egRoiw.kZ d`f"k; ftUlksa ds U;wure leFkZu ewY;ksa dh Union Government announces Minimum Support Prices (MSPs) of
?kks"k.kk vU; vk/kkj ds lkFk&lkFk d`f"k ykxr rFkk ewY; vk;ksx dh flQkfj'kksa important agricultural commodities based inter alia , on the
ds vk/kkj ij djrh gSA d`f"k; Qlyksa ds mRiknu dh ykxr vfr egRoiw.kZ recommendations of Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices
rRo gS] ftl ij d`f"k ykxr vkSj ewY; vk;ksx }kjk ljdkj dks U;wure (CACP). The cost of production of agricultural crops is the most
important factor that CACP considers while making its
leFkZu ewY;ksa ds ckjs esa viuh flQkfj'ksa ykxw djrs le; fopkj fd;k tkrk
recommendations on MSPs to the Government. The Directorate of
gSA vFkZ ,oa lkaf[;dh funs'kky;] d`f"k ea=ky; }kjk Hkkjr esa 1970&71 ls Economics & Statistics (DES), Ministry of Agriculture, has been
iSnkokj dh ykxr ds visf{kr vkadM+ksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, izeq[k Qlyksa implementing a Comprehensive Scheme for Studying the Cost of
dh iSnkokj@mRiknu dh ykxr ds vuqekuksa dks rS;kj djus gsrq izeq[k Qlyksa Cultivation of Principal Crops in order in India since 1970-71 to generate
dh iSnkokj dh ykxr dk v/;;u djus ds fy, ,d O;kid ;kstuk dk estimates of cost of cultivation/production of the principal crops in
order to meet cost of cultivation data requirement. The field data are
dk;kZUo;u fd;k tk jgk gSA {ks=h; vkadM+ksa dks d`f"k;@lkekU; fo'ofo|ky;ksa
collected through the agricultural/general universities and a college.
rFkk dkyst }kjk ,d= fd;k tkrk gSA ,sls fo'ofo|ky;ksa@dkyst rFkk A list of such universities/college with the name of crops and sample
Qlyksa ds uke rFkk izfrn'kZ lewg dh lwph ifjf'k"V&II esa nh xbZ gSA clusters is given in Appendix-II.
bu ykxr vuqekuksa dks vU; ljdkjh ,tsfUl;ksa vuqla/kkudrkZvksa rFkk In order that these cost estimates are available to other official
vke turk dks miyC/k djkus ds mís'; ls] vFkZ ,oa lkaf[;dh funs'kky; us agencies, researchers and the public in general, the Directorate of
Economics and Statistics brought out a publication on the subject in
bl fo"k; ij 1991 esa ,d izdk'ku fudkyk gSA izdk'ku dk nwljk vad
1991. A second issue of the publication giving the estimates prepared
ftlesa 1991 ds ckn rS;kj vuqekuksa dks fn;k x;k gS] dks 1996 esa izdkf'kr after 1991 was brought out in 1996 and was well received in different
fd;k x;k FkkA bls fHkUu&fHkUu lfdZy esa dkQh la[;k esa izkIr fd;k x;kA circles. The third issue published in February, 2000 included the
Qjojh] 2000 esa izdkf'kr rhljs vad esa o"kZ 1996&97 rd ds vuqekuksa dks estimates up to the year 1996-97. This is the fourth issue of the
'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA ;g izdk'ku dk pkSFkk vad gS ftlesa Qly publication containing the cost estimates pertaining to the crop years
1996-97 to 2003-04. Not to mention, the time lag involved in getting
o"kZ 1996&97 ls 2003&04 ls lacaf/kr ykxr vuqeku fn, x, gSaA ;g information from all over the country is responsible for the delay in
mYys[kuh; ugha gS fd iwjs ns'k ls lwpuk izkIr djus esa yxs le; ds dkj.k release of the publication. Efforts have been made to minimise the
izdk'ku ds tkjh gksus esa nsjh gqbZ gSA bls de djus ds fy, iz;kl fd, x, gSaA same.
dqNsd izns'kksa }kjk vkadM+ksa dh xq.koÙkk rFkk dqNsd ykxr la?kVdksa esa Regarding concerns expressed by some quarters about quality
dfri; vizR;kf'kr mrkj&p<+ko ds ckjs esa O;Dr dh xbZ fpUrk ds laca/k esa] of data and on certain unexpected fluctuations in some of the cost
components, a meeting with the implementing agencies of the Scheme
;kstuk dks ykxw djus okyh ,tsfUl;ksa ds lkFk] bl izdk'ku ds tkjh gksus ls was held in order to identify and undertaking of an in-depth analysis
igys lkaof/k J`a[kyk vkadM+ksa dk irk yxkus rFkk xgjkbZ ls fo'ys"k.k djus of time series data before this issue of publication. Some of the
ds fy, cSBd dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA ykxr enksa esa dfri; vlkèkj.k@ factors leading to certain unusual/unexpected changes in the cost
vizR;kf'kr ifjorZu ls lacf/kr dqNd rF;ksa dh lwph ifjf'k"V&III esa nh xbZ gSA
a s items are listed in Appendix-III.
eSa] Jherh e/kqckyk] lykgdkj] Jh ,ñdsñ feJk] voj lkaf[;dh; I appreciate the efforts made by Smt. Madhu Bala, Adviser;
lykgdkj Jh chñdsñ csgjk] lgk;d vkfFkZd lykgdkj rFkk vU; LVkWQ ds Shri A.K. Mishra, Additional Statistical Adviser; and Shri B.K. Behera,
Assistant Economic Adviser and other staff members who have
lnL;ksa ds iz;klksa dh ljkguk djrk gw¡ ftUgksaus bl izdk'ku dks izdkf'kr
contributed in bringing out this publication.
djokuss esa viuk ;ksxnku fn;k gSA
ubZ fnYyh( Mkñ ,ñdsñ fu;ksx New Delhi; Dr. A.K. NEOG
Qjojh] 2007 vkfFkZd ,oa lkaf[;dh; lykgdkj February, 2007 Economic & Statistical Adviser
(i)
3. vFkZ ,oa lkaf[;dh funs'kky; ds fuEufyf[kr deZpkfj;ksa us fuos'k rS;kj The following Staff members of Directorate of Economics &
Statistics were associated with Input Preparation, Computerization
djus] dEI;wVjhdj.k rFkk ykxr vkadM+ksa dks vfUre :i nsus esa lg;ksx fn;k% and Finalization of Cost Data:
fuos'k rS;kjh rFkk dEI;wVjhdj.k Input Preparation & Computerization
1- Jherh ,pñdsñ iwjck MkVk izfo"VhdrkZ xzsM ^bZ* 1. Smt. H.K. Purba D.E.O. Gr. 'E'
2- Jherh dqedqe HkkfV;k MkVk izfo"VhdrkZ xzsM ^lh* 2. Smt. Kumkum Bhatia D.E.O. Gr. 'C'
3- Jherh fdj.k paMksd MkVk izfo"VhdrkZ xzsM ^bZ* 3. Smt. Kiran Chandok D.E.O. Gr. 'E'
4- Jherh uhye ok/koku MkVk izfo"VhdrkZ xzsM ^ch* 4. Smt. Neelam Wadhawan D.E.O. Gr. 'B'
5- Jherh jkt u:yk MkVk izfo"VhdrkZ xzsM ^ch* 5. Smt. Raj Narula D.E.O. Gr. 'B'
6- Jherh deys'k /kkjhoky MkVk izfo"VhdrkZ xzsM ^ch* 6. Smt. Kamlesh Dhariwal D.E.O. Gr. 'B'
7- Jherh dkark nsoh feÙky MkVk izfo"VhdrkZ xzsM ^ch* 7. Smt. Kanta Devi Mittal D.E.O. Gr. 'B'
8- Jherh ohuk vk;kZ MkVk izfo"VhdrkZ xzsM ^ch* 8. Smt. Veena Arya D.E.O. Gr. 'B'
9- Jh Mhñlhñ tks'kh MkVk izfo"VhdrkZ xzsM ^ch* 9. Shri. D.C. Joshi D.E.O. Gr. 'B'
10- Jherh lfjrk 'kekZ MkVk izfo"VhdrkZ xzsM ^ch* 10. Smt. Sarita Sharma D.E.O. Gr. 'B'
11- Jh ;wñ,lñ fc"V MkVk izfo"VhdrkZ xzsM ^ch* 11. Shri U.S. Bist D.E.O. Gr. 'B'
12- Jh lrh'k dqekj MkVk izfo"VhdrkZ xzsM ^ch* 12. Shri Satish Kumar D.E.O. Gr. 'B'
13- Jh pUnjiky dqrkj MkVk izfo"VhdrkZ xzsM ^,* 13. Shri Chander Pal Kutar D.E.O. Gr. 'A'
MkVk fo'ys"k.k@vfUre :i fn;k Data Analysis/Finalization
1. Shri. Har Sharan Singh D.E.O. Gr. 'E'
1- Jh gj 'kj.k flag MkVk izfo"VhdrkZ xzsM ^bZ*
2- Jh fot; dqekj rduhdh lgk;d 2. Shri Vijay Kumar T.A.
3- Jh ,eñchñ [kaMkjs rduhdh lgk;d 3. Shri M.B. Khandare T.A.
4- Jherh yyhrk oekZ MkVk izfo"VhdrkZ xzsM ^Mh* 4. Smt. Lalita Verma D.E.O. Gr. 'D'
5- Jh 'kadj yky izfo"VhdrkZ 5. Shri Shankar Lal E.O.
bl izdk'ku dk fgUnh vuqokn rFkk eqnz.k laca/kh dk;Z izdk'ku foHkkx ds The following officials of the Publication Division were associated
with Hindi translation and printing works of this publication:
fuEu vfèdkfj;ksa }kjk fd;k x;k%
izdk'ku foHkkx Publication Division
Jh MhñMhñ vrqydj mi&vkfFkZd lykgdkj Shri D.D. Atulkar Dy. Economic Adviser
Jh ghjk yky mi&lEiknd ¼fgUnh½ Shri Hira Lal Sub-Editior (Hindi)
Jherh mek xks;y rduhdh lgk;d ¼eqnz.k½ Smt. Uma Goel Tech. Assistant (Ptg.)
Jh lquhy dqekj dkS'ky rduhdh lgk;d ¼eqnz.k½ Shri S.K. Kaushal Tech. Assistant (Ptg.)
Jh /kesZUnz dqekj xkSM+ izwQ la'kks/kd Shri D.K. Gaur Proof Reader
Jherh lfork vk'kqfyfid ¼fgUnh½ Smt. Savita Stenographer (Hindi)
(ii)
5. (iv)
lwph—tkjh
Index—Contd.
Øñlañ Qly jkT; i`"B lañ Øñlañ Qly jkT; i`"B lañ
Sl.No. Crop State Page No. Sl.No. Crop State Page No.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (1) (2) (3) (4)
13. lwkteq[kh@SUNFLOER- egkjk"Vª@Maharashtra 191 19. jkefry@NIGERSEED mM+hlk@Orissa 247
Contd. NÙkhlx<+@Chhattisgarh 249
20. dikl@COTTON (KAPAS) vkU/kz izns'k@Andhra Pradesh 251
14. ewxQyh@GROUNDNUT
a vkU/kz izns'k@Andhra Pradesh 193
xqtjkr@Gujarat 195
xqtjkr@Gujarat 253
gfj;k.kk@Haryana 255
dukZVd@Karnataka 197
e/; izns'k@Madhya Pradesh 257
egkjk"Vª@Maharashtra 199
dukZVd@Karnataka 259
mM+hlk@Orissa 201 egkjk"Vª@Maharashtra 261
rfeyukMq@Tamil Nadu 203 iatkc@Punjab 263
15. fry@SESAMUM (TIL) xqtjkr@Gujarat 205 jktLFkku@Rajasthan 265
e/; izns'k@Madhya Pradesh 207 rfeyukMq@Tamil Nadu 267
mM+hlk@Orissa 209 21. iVlu@JUTE vle@Assam 269
jktLFkku@Rajasthan 211 fcgkj@Bihar 271
rfeyukMq@Tamil Nadu 213
mM+hlk@Orissa 273
iñ caxky@West Bengal 275
mÙkj izns'k@Uttar Pradesh 215
22. I;kt@ONION dukZVd@Karnataka 277
16. rksfj;k ,oa ljlksa@ vle@Assam 217
egkjk"Vª@Maharashtra 279
RAPESEED & MUSTARD gfj;k.kk@Haryana 219 23. xUuk@SUGARCANE vkU/kz izns'k@Andhra Pradesh 281
xqtjkr@Gujarat 221 gfj;k.kk@Haryana 283
e/; izns'k@Madhya Pradesh 223 dukZVd@Karnataka 285
iatkc@Punjab 225 egkjk"Vª@Maharashtra 287
jktLFkku@Rajasthan 227 rfeyukMq@Tamil Nadu 289
mÙkj izns'k@Uttar Pradesh 291
mÙkj izns'k@Uttar Pradesh 229
mÙkjk[k.M@Uttarakhand 293
iñ caxky@West Bengal 231
24. vkyw@POTATO fcgkj@Bihar 295
mÙkjk[k.M@Uttarakhand 233 fgekpy izns'k@Himachal Pradesh 297
17. dqle@SAFFLOWER
q dukZVd@Karnataka 235 mÙkj izns'k@Uttar Pradesh 299
egkjk"Vª@Maharashtra 237 iñ caxky@West Bengal 301
18. lks;kchu@SOYABEAN e/; izns'k@Madhya Pradesh 239 >kj[k.M@Jharkhand 303
egkjk"Vª@Maharashtra 241
25. Vsfivksdk@TAPIOCA dsjy@Kerala 305
jktLFkku@Rajasthan 243
26. othZfu;k QY;qD;ksMZ rEckdw@ vkU/kz izns'k@Andhra Pradesh 307
NÙkhlx<+@Chhattisgarh 245 V.F.C. TOBACCO
ifjf'k"V %
Appendices :
I. 1996&97 ls fofHkUu CykWd o"kks± ds nkSjku Qlyksa ij v/;;u fd;k x;kA
Crops taken up for study during different block years since 1996-97.
II. dqN ykxr ?kVdksa esa vlkekU;@vizR;kf'kr ifjorZuksa ds dkj.kA
Reasons for Unusual/Unexpected Changes in some of the Cost Components.
6. (v)
izeq[k Qlyksa dh iSnkokj dh ykxr dk v/;;u djus ds fy, O;kid ;kstuk ds vUrxZr Methodology/Procedure Adopted for Computing Various
Costs Under the Comprehensive Scheme for Studying the
vusd ykxrksa dk ifjdyu djus gsrq viukbZ xbZ iz.kkyh foKkku@izfØ ;k Cost of Cultivation of Principal Crops
1-Hkkjr esa ize[k Qlyksa dh iSnkokj dh ykxr dk v/;;u djus ds fy, ,d O;kid
q 1. The Comprehensive Scheme for Studying the Cost of Cultivation
;kstuk dks Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk fu;qDr fuos'k ykxr dh lwph ij rduhdh lfefr dh of Principal Crops in India was initiated in 1970-71 on the
recommendations of a Technical Committee on Indices of Input Costs
flQkfj'k ij 'kq: fd;k x;kA
appointed by Government of India.
2- Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk 1979 esa xfBr mRiknu vuqekuksa dh ykxr ij fo'kss"k vuqHkoh 2. The Special Expert Committee on Cost of Production Estimates,
lfefr us ml le; rd viukbZ xbZ ,dd Qly vkxeu ds LFkku ij Qly lewg constituted by the Government of India in 1979, recommended the
vkxeu viukus dh flQkfj'k dh gSA la'kksf/kr ykxr oxhZdj.k dk Hkh lq>ko fn;k x;k adoption of a crop complex approach to replace the single crop
approach followed till that time. A modified cost classification was
gSA fo'ks"k vuqHkoh lfefr dh bu flQkfj'kksa dks 1981&82 ls ykxw fd;k tk jgk gSA also suggested. These recommendations of the Special Expert
3- Hkkjr ljdkj us iqu% 1990 esa ,d fo'ks"kK lfefr dh fu;qfDr Qlyksa ds mRiknu Committee were implemented from 1981-82.
dh ykxr ds ckjs esa iz.kkyh foKku dh leh{kk ds fy, dhA bl lfefr dh Jfed ewY; 3. The Government of India again appointed in 1990 an Expert
Committee for Review of Methodology of Cost of Production of Crops.
fu/kkZj.k ls lacaf/kr flQkfj'kksa esa vkaf'kd la'kks/ku djrs gq,] ljdkj us ;g fu.kZ; fy;k gS Partially modifying the recommendation of this Committee relating to
fd Jfed ewY; fu/kkZj.k dk vk/kkj lakfof/kd etnwjh nj vFkok okLrfod cktkj nj ij valuation of labour, the Government decided that the basis of valuation
tks Hkh vf/kd gks] fd;k tkuk pkfg, A ljdkj us fdlkuksa ds izca/kdh; fuos'k dh x.kuk of labour should be statutory wage rate or the actual market rate
whichever is higher. The Government also accepted the Committee's
gsrq i`Fkd ykxr ¼ykxr x3½ ds lax.ku ls lacaf/kr lfefr dh flQkfj'kksa dks Hkh Lohdkj
recommendation relating to computation of a separate Cost (Cost C3)
dj fy;k gSA in order to account for managerial input of the farmers.
;kstuk dh izfrn'kZ :ijs[kk Sampling Design of the Scheme
4- ;kstuk dh :ijs[kk rhu pj.k Lofjr ;kn`fPNd izfrn'kZ :ijs[kk ftlesa rglhy 4. The design of the Scheme continues to be a three-stage
stratified random sampling design with tehsils as the first stage unit,
izFke pj.k ;wfuV ds :i esa xkao@xkaoksa dk lewg f}rh; pj.k ;wfuV ds :i esa rFkk tksr {ks= village/cluster of villages as the second-stage unit and holding as
r`rh; rFkk vfUre pj.k ;wfuV ds :i esa tkjh jgh A izR;sd jkT; dks Qly dVkbZ iSVuZ] the third and ultimate stage unit. Each State is demarcated into
Hkwfe vkdkj] o"kkZ vkfn ds vk/kkj ij le:i d`f"k ekSle {ks=ksa esa fu/kkfjr fd;k x;k gSA homogeneous agro-climatic zones based on cropping pattern, soil
type, rainfall etc. The primary sampling units (tehsils) are allocated to
izkFkfed izfrn'kZ ;wfuV ¼rglhy½dk vkacVu fHkUu&fHkUu {ks=ksa esa v/;;u esa 'kkfey lHkh different zones in proportion to the total area of all crops covered in
Qlyksa ds dqy {ks= ds vuqikr ds vuqlkj fd;k x;k gS A izkFkfed izfrn'kZ ¼uewuk½ the study. The primary sampling units are selected in each zone
;wfuVksa dk p;u izR;sd {ks= esa ¼Lrj½pqfuUnk Qlyksa ds vUrxZr Fkk] izfrLFkkiu ls {ks= ds (stratum) with probability proportional to the area under the selected
crops, and with replacement. Within each tehsil, the village/cluster is
lEHkkO;rk lekuqikrh ds vuqlkj fd;k tkrk gSA izR;sd rglhy es] xzke@lewg dk p;u Hkh
z a
also selected following the same procedure. In each selected village/
leku izfØ;k ds vuqlkj fd;k tkrk gSA izR;sd p;u fd;s x, xzke@lewg esa] lHkh cluster, all the operational holdings are enumerated and classified
lapkyukRed tksr {ks=ksa dh ifjx.kuk rFkk oxhZdj.k vkdkj ds vuqlkj 5 vkdkj Js.kh esa according to size into 5 size classes, the class limits being fixed
fd;k x;k gS] oxZ lhek dk fu/kkZj.k lHkh xkaoksa@lewgksa ds fy, ,d leku fd;k tk jgk uniformly for all villages/clusters. In each size class, two holdings
are selected by simple random sampling without replacement.
gSA izR;sd vkdkj Js.kh esa] nks tksr {ks=ksa dk p;u izfrLFkkiu ds fcuk lkekU; ;kn`fPNd However, if in any village/cluster, a particular size class does not
izfrn'kZ }kjk fd;k x;k rFkkfi] ;fn fdlh xkao@lewg esa] fo'ks"k vkdkj Js.kh eas ;gka rd contain even two holdings, more holdings are selected from the
fd nks tksr {ks= Hkh 'kkfey ugha gSa] vkSj vf/kd tksr dk p;u blh deh dks iwjk djus ds adjacent size classes to make up the deficit.
fy, fudVorhZ vkdkj Js.kh esa ls fd;k x;kA
ykxr ensa Cost Items
5- iSnkokj dh ykxr enksa esa nksuksa Hkqxrku dh xbZ ykxrksa ¼ikdsV O;; ls½ rFkk 5. The items of cost of cultivation cover both paid out cost (out of
vkjksfir ykxr dks doj fd;k x;k gSA bu ykxrksa ds vUrxZr ykbZ xbZ ensa bl izdkj gSa%μ pocket expenses) and the imputed costs. The items covered under
these costs are:
Paid-out costs:
¼i½ HkkM+s ij fy;s x;s Je ¼ekuo] i'kq rFk e'khujh½ (i) Hired labour (human, animal and machinery).
¼ii½ LokfeRo okys i'kq rFkk e'khujh ds j[k&j[kko O;;A (ii) Maintenance expenses on owned animals and machinery.
¼iii½ lkexzh fuos'kksa tSls cht¼?kjsyw rS;kj fd;s x;s rFkk [kjhns x;s½ rFkk moZjd [kkn (iii) Expenses on material inputs such as seed (home grown and
purchased), fertiliser, Manure (owned & purchased),
¼LokfeRo rFkk [kjhnh xbZ½ dhVuk'kd rFkk flapkbZA Pesticides and Irrigation.
¼iv½ vkStkj rFkk QkeZ Hkouksa ¼tSls i'kq 'ksM] e'khu 'ksM@Hk.Mkj.k 'ksM ij ewY; (iv) Depreciation on implements and farm buildings (such as cattle
gzklA sheds, machine sheds, storage sheds).
¼ v ½ Hkw&jktLoA (v) Land revenue.
¼iv½ yht ij yh XkbZ Hkwfe ds fy, Hkqxrku fd;k x;k fdjk;kA (vi) Rent paid for leased-in-land.
vkjksfir ykxrsa% Imputed Costs:
ikfjokfjd Je ewY;@fdlku dh izca/kdh; fuos'k&LokfeRo Hkwfe fdjk;k rFkk Lo;a Value of family labour/managerial input of the farmer, rent of
owned land and interest on owned fixed capital for which the farmer
fu;r iwath ij C;kt ftlds fy, fdlku dks dksbZ udn O;; ugha djuk iM+rkA does not incur any cash expenses.
7. (vi)
vkjksi.k izfØ ;k % Imputation Procedures:
6. Some of the inputs used in production process come from
6- mRiknu izfØ;k esa mi;ksx esa yk, x, dqNsd fuos'k ikfjokfjd lzksrksa ls fy, tkrs family sources. The procedure adopted for deriving imputed values
gSA bu fuos'kksa ds fy, vkjksfir ewY; fudkyus ds fy, viukbZ xbZ izfØ;k fuEu izdkj gS%
a of these inputs is as under:
ensa izfØ;k Items Procedure
(i) Family labour On the basis of statutory wage rate
(i) ikfjokfjd etnwjh lkafof/kd etnwjh nj vFkok okLrfod foi.ku] or actual market rate whichever is
nj] tks Hkh vf/kd gks] ds vk/kkj ijA higher.
(ii) futh i'kqJfed j[k&j[kko dh ykxr ds vk/kkj ij ftlesa (ii) Owned animal On the basis of cost of maintenance
labour which includes the following:
fuEu 'kkfey gaS %
(a) Cost of green and fry fodder,
¼d½ gjs rFkk Hkqus gq, pkjs dh ykxr]
(b) Cost of concentrates,
¼[k½ ladsfUnzr ykxr ¼dUlsaVsªV~l ykxr½]
(c) Depreciation on animals & cattle
¼x½ i'kq rFkk eos'kh 'ksM ij ewY;âkl] (c) sheds,
¼?k½ Jfed izHkkj vuqj{k.k]
(d) Upkeep labour charges,
¼³½ vU; [kpsZ] ;fn dksbZ gksA
(e) Other expenses, if any.
(iii) LokfeRo e'khujh izHkkj QkeZ e'khujh ftlesa Mhty] fo|qr] Lusgd] (iii) Owned machinery On the basis of cost of maintenance
voewY;u ejEer rFkk vU; [kpsZ] ;fn dksbZ charges of farm machinery which includes
diesel, electricity, lubricants,
'kkfey gks] ds j[k&j[kko ds vk/kkj ijA depreciation, repairs and other
(iv) vkStkj y?kq ejEer ds dkj.k voewY;u rFkk izHkkj expenses, if any.
(iv) Implements Depreciation & charges on account
(v) QkeZ esa mRikfnr [kkn xkao esa izpfyr njksa dk ewY;kadu of minor repairs.
(vi) LokfeRo okyh Hkwfe dk xka o ks a ea s leku iz d kj dh Hkw f e vFkok (v) Farm Produced Evaluation at rates prevailing in the
fdjk;k tSlk fd uewuk fdlkuksa esa lwfpr fd;k gS] c'krsZ manure village.
fd ;g lacaf/kr jkT; ds Hkw&fo/kku esa fn;k x;k (vi) Rent of owned land Estimated on the basis of prevailing
rents in the village for identical type
mfpr fdjk, dh lhek ds vuqlkj] izpfyr of land or as reported by the sample
fdjk;s ds vk/kkj ij vkdyuA farmers, subject to the ceiling of fair
rents given in the land legislation of
(vii) LokfeRo fu;r iwath ij fu;r ifjlEifr ij 10% okf"kZd nj ls fy, the concerned State.
C;kt x, orZeku ewY; ij C;ktA (vii) Interest on owned Interest on present value of fixed
Fixed Capital assets charged at the rate of 10%
(viii) izpkyu iwath ij C;kt izpkyu iwath ij Qly dh vk/kh vof/k ds per annum.
fy, izfro"kZ 12-5 izfr'kr dh nj ls C;kt (viii) Interest on Working Interest is charged at the rate of
fy;k tkrk gSA Capital 12.5% per annum on the working
capital for half the period of crop.
(ix) Hkqxrku dk rjhdk #i;s ds cnys esa fdlh oLrq }kjk Hkqxrkuksa dk
(ix) Kind payments The kind payments are evaluated at
ewY;kadu] xkaoksa esa izpfyr ewY;ksa] ml le; prices prevalent in the village at the
tc ;g Hkqxrku fd, tkrs gSaA time such payments are made.
(x) Main product & by- Imputed on the basis of post-harvest
(x) eq[; mRiknu rFkk xkS.k mRiknu pqfuUnk xkaoksa esa iSnkokj ds ckn izpfyr ewY;ksa product prices prevailing in the slected
ds vk/kkj ij vkjksfir fd;k tkrk gSA villages.
ykxr ifjdYiuk % Cost Concepts:
7- ykxrksa dks dfri; ykxr ladYiuk dks viukdj fudkyk tkrk gSA izR;sd 7. Costs are generated following certain cost concepts. These
voèkj.kk esa 'kkfey bu ykxr ladYiuk rFkk ykxr dh enksa dks uhps fn;k x;k gS% cost concepts and the items of costs included under each concept
are given below:
(i) HkkM+s ij fy;s x;s ekuo Je dk ewY; (i) Value of hired human labour
(ii) HkkM+s ij fy;s x;s cSy Je dk ewY; (ii) Value of hired bullock labour
(iii) LokfeRo cSy Je dk ewY; (iii) Value of owned bullock labour
(iv) Value of owned machinery labour
(iv) LokfeRo e'khu Je dk ewY;
(v) Hired machinery charges :
(v) fdjk;s ij yh xbZ e'khujh dk izHkkj %
(i) Value of seed (both farm produced and purchases)
(i) chtksa dk ewY; ¼QkeZ esa rS;kj fd;s x;s rFkk [kjhns x;s½
(ii) dhVuk'kh rFkk dhVuk'kd dk ewY; (ii) Value of insecticides and pesticides
(iii) [kkn dk ewY; ¼rS;kj fd;k x;k rFkk [kjhnk x;k½ (iii) Value of manure (owned and purchased)
(iv) moZjd dk ewY; (iv) Value of fertilizer
(v) vkStkjksa rFkk QkeZ Hkouksa ij ewY;âkl (v) Depreciation on implements and farm buildings
8. (vii)
(vi) flapkbZ izHkkj (vi) Irrigation charges
(vii) Hkw&jktLo] midj rFkk vU; dj (vii) Land revenue, cesses and other taxes
(viii) izpkyu iwath ij C;kt (viii) Interest on working capital
(ix) fofo/k [kpsZ (ix) Miscellaneous expenses
ykxr d1 % ykxr d1 $ iês ij yh xbZ Hkwfe ds fy, Hkqxrku fd;k x;k fdjk;k Cost A1 : Cost A1+ rent paid for leased-in-land
ykxr [k1 % ykxr d1 $ LokfeRo okyh fu/kkZfjr iwath ifjlEifr ds ewY; ij C;kt Cost B1 : Cost A1 + interest on value of owned fixed capital
¼Hkwfe ds vykok½ assets (excluding land)
ykxr [k2 % ykxr [k1 $ LokfeRo okyh Hkwfe ds ckjs esa fdjk;k ewY; ¼fuoy Cost B2 : Cost B1 + rental value of owned land (net of land
revenue) and rent paid for leased-in land
Hkw&jktLo½ rFkk iês ij yh xbZ Hkwfe ds fy, Hkqxrku fd;k x;k fdjk;kA
ykxr x1 % ykxr [k1 $ ikfjokfjd Je dk vkjksfir ewY; Cost C1 : Cost B1+ imputed value of family labour
ykxr x2 % ykxr [k2 $ ikfjokfjd Je dk vkjksfir ewY; Cost C2 : Cost B2 + imputed value of family labour
ykxr x2 * % ykxr x2 $ vf/kd nj ds mi;ksx }kjk vk/kkfjr ekuo Je ds vfrfjDr Cost C2* : Cost C2 + Additional value of human labour based on
ewY; vFkkZr~ lkafof/kd etnwjh nj vFkok okLrfod foi.ku njA ;g use of higher rate. i.e. Statutory Wage rate or the
actual market rate. This is an intermediate Concept
e/;orhZ ladYiuk gSA
ykxr x3 % ykxr x2 $ fdlku ds ckjs esa izca/kdh; fuos'k fudkyus ds fy, Cost C3 : Cost C 2*+ 10 percent of cost C 2* to account for
managerial input of the farmer
ykxr x2 * dk 10 izfr'krA
la;qDr ykxrksa dk vkcaVu % Allocation of Joint Costs :
8- izkIr O;;] vFkok vkjksfir dqNsd ykxr ensa iw.kZ rkSj ij QkeZ ls lacaf/kr gSaA ,sls 8. The expenditure incurred on, or imputed for, some of the cost
items relate to the farm as a whole. Such joint costs are allocated to
la;Dr ykxrksa dk vkcaVu oS;fDrd m|eks] i'kq/ku rFkk blh izdkj dh fHkUu&fHkUu Jsf.k;ksa
q a individual enterprises, among different categories of livestock and
ij fd;k tkrk gS A QkeZ Hkouksa] midj.kksa ij voewY;u] Hkw&fdjk;k Hkw&jktLo] midjksa so on. Depreciation on farm buildings implements, land rents, land
rFkk djksa LokfeRo fu;e iwath ij C;kt] ,slh ykxrsa gSa ftudk vkcaVu oS;fDrd Qly revenue, cesses and taxes, interest on owned fixed capital are
such costs which are allocated to individual crop enterprises in
m|eksa dks muds {ks=ksa ds vuqikr ds vuqlkj fd;k tkrk gSA i'kq/ku ij ykxr dk vkcaVu proportion to their areas. The cost on livestock is allocated to each
tkuojksa dh izR;sd Js.kh dks fdlkuksa ds LokfeRo okys tkuojksa dh dqy la[;k ls bldh category of animals in proportion of its numbers to the total number
la[;k ds vuqikr ds vk/kkj ij fd;k tkrk gSA of animals owned by the farmer.
la;qDr ykxrksa dk vkcaVu % Apportionment of Joint Costsm :
9. The apportionment of total cost incurred jointly for different
9- fefJr Qly esa mxkbZ xbZ fHkUu&fHkUu Qlyksa ds fy, la;qDr :i ls izkIr dqy
crops grown in crop mixtures is done in proportion to the total value
ykxr dk vkcaVu fefJr Qly esa oS;fDrd Qlyksa }kjk fd;s x;s ;ksxnku dks iSnkokj of output contributed by individual crops in the crop mixtures. The
dh dqy ewY; ds vuqikr eas fd;k tkrk gSA eq[; mRiknu rFkk xkS.k mRiknu ds chp iSnkokj apportionment of total cost of cultivation between the main product
dh dqy ykxr dk vkcaVu iSnkokj ds dqy ewY; esa va'knku ds vuqikr ds vuqlkj fd;k and the by-product is done in the proportion to their contribution to
tkrk gSA the total value of output.
QkeZ ifjlEifr dk ewY;kadu % Evaluation of Farm Assets :
10- QkeZ ifjlEifr ds ewY;kadu ds fy, fuEufyf[kr izfØ;k viukbZ tkrh 10. The following procedure is adopted for the evaluation of farm
assets:—
gS%μ
ensa izfØ ;k Item Procedure
LokfeRo rFkk Lo;a tksrh Hkwfe ds izdkj esa vUrjksa] flapkbZ vkfn ds lzksr Owned & self-cultivated Evaluated at rates prevalent in
land the Village taking into account
xbZ Hkwfe ls nwjh dks /;ku esa j[krs gq,] xkao esa izpfyr the differences in type of
soil,distance from source of
njksa ij ewY;kadu fd;k tkrk gSA
irrigation, etc.
QkeZ Hkou ¼eos'kh 'ksM] xkao esa izpfyr njksa ij ewY;kadu fd;k x;k gSA Farm building (cattle sheds, Evaluated at rates prevailing in
Hk.Mkj.k 'ksM] vkfn½ Storage sheds, etc.) the village.
midj.k rFkk vU; foi.ku ewY;ksa ij Implements and other Farm Evaluated at market prices
QkeZ e'khujh ewY;kadu fd;k x;kA Machinery
Livestock Evaluated at market prices
i'kq/ku foi.ku ewY;ksa ij
ewY;kadu fd;k x;kA
9. (viii)
jkT;okj] Qlyokj ,oa o"kZokj vkadM+s izi=
izfr gsDVkj dk'r dh ykxr¼#ñ½@Cost of Cultivation per hect. (Rs.)
d1@A1
d2@A2
[k1@B1
[k2@B2
x1@C1
x2@C2
x2 ¼la'kksfèr½@C2 (Revised)
izfr fDoaVy mRiknu dh ykxr ¼#ñ½@Cost of Production per Qtl. (Rs.)
d1@A1
d2@A2
[k1@B1
[k2@B2
x1@C1
x2@C2
x2 ¼la'kksfèr½@C2 (Revised)
x3@C3
izfr gsDVkj eq[; mRikn dh ykxr ¼#ñ½@Value of Main Product/hect. (Rs.)
izfr gsDVkj mi&mRikn dh ykxr¼#ñ½@Value of By-Product/hect. (Rs.)
lkexzh ,oa Je fuos'k izfr gsDVkj@Meterial & Labour input /hect. of:
cht ¼fdñxzkñ½@Seed (Kg.)
moZjd ¼fdñxzkñ iks"kd½@Fertilizer (Kg. Nutrients)
[kkn ¼fDoaVy½@Manure (Qtl.)
ekuo Je ¼ekuo ?kaVs½@Human Labour (Man hrs.)
i'kq Je ¼tksM+h ?kaVs½@Animal Labour (Pair hrs.)
izfr bdkbZ nj ¼#ñ½@Rate per Unit (Rs.)
cht ¼fdñxzkñ½@Seed (Kg.)
moZjd ¼fdñxzkñ iks"kd½@Fertilizer (Kg. Nutrients)
[kkn ¼fDoaVy½@Manure (Qtl.)
ekud Je ¼ekuo ?kaVs½@Human Labour (Man hrs.)
i'kq Je ¼tksM+h ?kaVs½@Animal Labour (Pair hrs.)
vLi"V nj ¼#ñ@fDoaVy½@Implicit Rate (Rs./qtl.)
uewuk tksr ¼lañ½@Holdings in Sample (No.)
uewuk rglhy ¼lañ½@Tehsils in Sample (No.)
izfr gsDVkj mit ¼izkIr dh½ ¼fDoaVy½@Yield (Derived per hect. (Qtl.)
izfr gsDVkj mit ¼th lh bZ ,l½ ¼fDoaVy½@Yield (GCES) per hect. (Qtl.)
10. (ix)
ens a @ Items
dk;Z'khy ykxr@Operational Cost
ekuo Je@Human Labour
ikfjokfjd@Family
lfEefyr@Attached
vfu;fer@Casual
;ksx@Total
cSy Je@Bullock Labour
fdjk;s ij@Hired
LokfeRo@Owned
;ksx@Total
e'khu Je@Machine Labour
fdjk;s ij@Hired
LofeRo@Owned
;ksx@Total
cht@Seed
moZjd ,oa [kkn@Fertilizer & Manure
moZjd@Fertilizer
[kkn@Manure
;ksx@Total
uk'kdhV@Insecticides
flapkbZ izHkkj@Irrigation Charges
fofoè@Miscellaneous
dk;Z'khy iwath ij C;kt@Interest on Working Capital
fu;r ykxr@Fixed Costs
LokfeRo Hkwfe dk fdjk;k ewY;@Rental Value of Owned Land
yht ij yh xbZ Hkwfe dk Hkqxrku fd;k x;k fdjk;k@Rent Paid for Leased-in-Land
Hkwfe jktLo dj rFkk midj@Land Revenue Taxes & Cesses
vkStkj rFkk QkeZ Hkou ij voewY;u@Dep. on Implements & F. Bldg.
fu;r iwath ij C;kt@Interest on Fixed Capital
dqy ykxr@Total Cost
15. (xvi)
ifjf'k"V & II / Appendix - II
dqNsd ykxr la?kVdksa esa vlkekU;@vizR;kf'kr ifjorZu ds dkj.k % Reasons for Unusual/Unexpected Changes in Some of
the Cost Components
1- d`f"k mRiknu eq[;r% izd`fr rFkk LFkkuh; ekSle vlkekU;rk ¼'khr rkieku esa 1. Agricultural production is largely guided by nature and the local
vkdfLed o`f)] Hkkjh o"kkZ vkaèh vkfn½ ij fuHkZj gSA ;g rRo vusd d`f"k lacaèh dk;ksZ weather aberrations (frost, abrupt rise in temperature, heavy rainfall,
rFkk mRiknu dks izHkkfor djrs gSa] ftlesa fHkUu&fHkUu ykxr ?kVdksa esa vUrZ%vLFkk;h rFkk hailstorm etc.). These factors affect many agricultural operations
and production leading to inter-temporal and spatial variations in
LFkkfud ifjorZu gksrk gSA different cost elements.
2- ?kVd tSls okVj&Vscy esa ladqpu] b±èu ewY;ksa esa ifjorZu] Mhty iEi lSVksa dk 2. Factors like shrinking water table, changes in fuel prices, use
ugj ty vkfn dk Qly {ks=ksa esa iqu% tyekxZ gsrw mi;ksx djuk] o"kkZ dh ?kVuk,a of diesel pump-sets for re-channeling canal water etc. to the crop
egRoiw.kZ ?kVd gS ftlds QyLo:i flapkbZ ij O;; esa okf"kZd mrkj&p<+ko gksrk gSA fields, incidence of rainfall are the important factors that attribute
towards yearly fluctuations in expenses on account of irrigation.
3- [kkn dk mi;ksx fu;fer vkèkj ij ugha fd;k tkrk rFkk vfèdrj bldk mi;ksx 3. Manures are not used on a regular basis and mostly applied in
gj rhljs o"kZ fd;k tkrk gSA xk; ds xkscj ds oSdfYid mi;ksx ls Qly mRiknu lacaèh alterante years. Alternative use of cow dung affects the availability
dk;ks± ds fy, [kkn dh miyCèrk ij izHkko iM+rk gSA vU; ckrksa ds lkFk&lkFk moZjd dk of manure for crop production activities and affects its price. Use of
fertilisers depends, inter-alia, upon the prevailing prices and
mi;ksx fHkUu&fHkUu Qly vofè ds nkSjku] fdlkuksa ds ikl miyCè lalkèuksa rFkk resources available with the farmers during different crop periods.
izpfyr ewY;ksa ij fuHkZj djrk gSA
4- fHkUu&fHkUu izns'kksa rFkk fHkUu&fHkUu o"kksZ esa LFkkuh; rFkk ladj chtksa dk vuqikr] 4. The proportion of local and hybrid seeds in different regions
Qlyksa tSls èku] xUuk ds ekeys esa jksi.k fd;s x;s rFkk isM+h ¼Ratoon½ Qly dk and in different years, the combination of broadcasting and
lfEeJ.k rFkk izkd`frd rRoksa] vkfn }kjk {kfr igqapk, x, vFkok xSj&vadqj.k ds dkj.k transplantation method of sowing for the crops like paddy,
combination of planted and ratoon crop in the case of sugarcane
iqu% cqvkbZ ds mnkgj.kkFkZ cqvkbZ dk izlkj.k rFkk izfrjksi.k iz.kkyh ds la;kstu ls] vDlj and instances of resowing due to non germination or damage caused
mi;ksx esa yk, x, chtksa dh ek=k ¼cht nj½ izsfDVl rFkk blds ewY; esa fHkUurk vkrh by natural factors etc. often cause variation in quantity of seed used
gSA (seed rate) in practice and its value.
5- fuos'k dk dkjxj <ax ls mi;ksx] mfpr LFkkuh; ekSle n'kk] dhVuk'kd rFkk tUrq 5. Efficiency in use of inputs, favourable local weather condition,
dh de ?kVukvksa rFkk vU; ,sls izkd`frd rF;ksa] ls izk;% fuos'k ds mi;ksx esa fcuk vuq:i less incidence of insects and pests and such other natural factors
o`f) ls iSnkokj esa o`f) gksrh gSA often improve the yield without a corresponding increase in the use
of inputs.
6- pkjs dh miyCèrk] fo'ks"kdj lw[kk o"kksZ ds nkSjku bldh deh] ladsfUnzr ds ewY;ksa 6. Availability of fodder, particularly its scarcity in drought years,
es] pkjk vkfn esa ifjorZu ds dkj.k j[k&j[kko ykxr ds ifjorZu gksus ls i'kqJe dh ykxr
a changes in maintenance cost owing to changes in prices of
esa Hkh ifjorZu gks tkrk gSA mi;qZDr rF;ksa ds vykok dqNsd ekeyksa esa] i'kq Je ds de concentrates, fodders etc. lead to changes in the cost of animal
labour. Besides the above factors, full time maintenance cost of the
mi;ksx vFkok mi;ksx ugha djus ls i'kqvksa ds iw.kZdkfyd j[k&j[kko ykxr esa i'kqJe ds animals against less use or no use of animal labour in some cases
?kaVsokj nj esa ,dk,d o`f) gks tkrh gSA shoot up the hourly rate of animal labour.
7- mi;qZDr ds vfrfjDr] fHkUu&fHkUu fdlkuksa }kjk fofHkUu QkeZ iSzfDVl mlh izns'k esa] 7. Above all, different farm practices even in the same region by
lapkfyr {ks= dk vkdkj fdlh fo'ks"k Qly ds fy, fo'ks"k o"kZ esa izklkafxd de egRo different farmers, size of the operated area, assigning of relative
vFkok vfèd egRo fuèkZj.k djus ls izk;% fuos'k mi;ksx] mudh ykxr rFkk mRikndrk less importance or more importance to a particular crop in a particular
year often give rise to variation in input use, their costs and
ds ifjorZu esa o`f) gksrh gSA productivity.
![vkeq[k FOREWORD
Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk vuqlj.k esa ykbZ tk jgh fHkUu&fHkUu d`f"k vkfFkZd Among the different Agricultural Economic Policies pursued by
uhfr;ksa esa d`f"k ewY; uhfr d`"kh; {ks= esa mRiknu rFkk mRikndrk esa mYys[kuh; the Government of India, the Agricultural Price Policy has been playing
a significant role in bringing about noticeable changes in the production
ifjorZu ykus ds ckjs esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk jgh g®A bldh ewY; uhfr ds
and productivity of the agricultural sector. Under its price policy, the
vUrxZr] la?k ljdkj egRoiw.kZ d`f"k; ftUlksa ds U;wure leFkZu ewY;ksa dh Union Government announces Minimum Support Prices (MSPs) of
?kks"k.kk vU; vk/kkj ds lkFk&lkFk d`f"k ykxr rFkk ewY; vk;ksx dh flQkfj'kksa important agricultural commodities based inter alia , on the
ds vk/kkj ij djrh gSA d`f"k; Qlyksa ds mRiknu dh ykxr vfr egRoiw.kZ recommendations of Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices
rRo gS] ftl ij d`f"k ykxr vkSj ewY; vk;ksx }kjk ljdkj dks U;wure (CACP). The cost of production of agricultural crops is the most
important factor that CACP considers while making its
leFkZu ewY;ksa ds ckjs esa viuh flQkfj'ksa ykxw djrs le; fopkj fd;k tkrk
recommendations on MSPs to the Government. The Directorate of
gSA vFkZ ,oa lkaf[;dh funs'kky;] d`f"k ea=ky; }kjk Hkkjr esa 1970&71 ls Economics & Statistics (DES), Ministry of Agriculture, has been
iSnkokj dh ykxr ds visf{kr vkadM+ksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, izeq[k Qlyksa implementing a Comprehensive Scheme for Studying the Cost of
dh iSnkokj@mRiknu dh ykxr ds vuqekuksa dks rS;kj djus gsrq izeq[k Qlyksa Cultivation of Principal Crops in order in India since 1970-71 to generate
dh iSnkokj dh ykxr dk v/;;u djus ds fy, ,d O;kid ;kstuk dk estimates of cost of cultivation/production of the principal crops in
order to meet cost of cultivation data requirement. The field data are
dk;kZUo;u fd;k tk jgk gSA {ks=h; vkadM+ksa dks d`f"k;@lkekU; fo'ofo|ky;ksa
collected through the agricultural/general universities and a college.
rFkk dkyst }kjk ,d= fd;k tkrk gSA ,sls fo'ofo|ky;ksa@dkyst rFkk A list of such universities/college with the name of crops and sample
Qlyksa ds uke rFkk izfrn'kZ lewg dh lwph ifjf'k"V&II esa nh xbZ gSA clusters is given in Appendix-II.
bu ykxr vuqekuksa dks vU; ljdkjh ,tsfUl;ksa vuqla/kkudrkZvksa rFkk In order that these cost estimates are available to other official
vke turk dks miyC/k djkus ds mís'; ls] vFkZ ,oa lkaf[;dh funs'kky; us agencies, researchers and the public in general, the Directorate of
Economics and Statistics brought out a publication on the subject in
bl fo"k; ij 1991 esa ,d izdk'ku fudkyk gSA izdk'ku dk nwljk vad
1991. A second issue of the publication giving the estimates prepared
ftlesa 1991 ds ckn rS;kj vuqekuksa dks fn;k x;k gS] dks 1996 esa izdkf'kr after 1991 was brought out in 1996 and was well received in different
fd;k x;k FkkA bls fHkUu&fHkUu lfdZy esa dkQh la[;k esa izkIr fd;k x;kA circles. The third issue published in February, 2000 included the
Qjojh] 2000 esa izdkf'kr rhljs vad esa o"kZ 1996&97 rd ds vuqekuksa dks estimates up to the year 1996-97. This is the fourth issue of the
'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA ;g izdk'ku dk pkSFkk vad gS ftlesa Qly publication containing the cost estimates pertaining to the crop years
1996-97 to 2003-04. Not to mention, the time lag involved in getting
o"kZ 1996&97 ls 2003&04 ls lacaf/kr ykxr vuqeku fn, x, gSaA ;g information from all over the country is responsible for the delay in
mYys[kuh; ugha gS fd iwjs ns'k ls lwpuk izkIr djus esa yxs le; ds dkj.k release of the publication. Efforts have been made to minimise the
izdk'ku ds tkjh gksus esa nsjh gqbZ gSA bls de djus ds fy, iz;kl fd, x, gSaA same.
dqNsd izns'kksa }kjk vkadM+ksa dh xq.koÙkk rFkk dqNsd ykxr la?kVdksa esa Regarding concerns expressed by some quarters about quality
dfri; vizR;kf'kr mrkj&p<+ko ds ckjs esa O;Dr dh xbZ fpUrk ds laca/k esa] of data and on certain unexpected fluctuations in some of the cost
components, a meeting with the implementing agencies of the Scheme
;kstuk dks ykxw djus okyh ,tsfUl;ksa ds lkFk] bl izdk'ku ds tkjh gksus ls was held in order to identify and undertaking of an in-depth analysis
igys lkaof/k J`a[kyk vkadM+ksa dk irk yxkus rFkk xgjkbZ ls fo'ys"k.k djus of time series data before this issue of publication. Some of the
ds fy, cSBd dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA ykxr enksa esa dfri; vlkèkj.k@ factors leading to certain unusual/unexpected changes in the cost
vizR;kf'kr ifjorZu ls lacf/kr dqNd rF;ksa dh lwph ifjf'k"V&III esa nh xbZ gSA
a s items are listed in Appendix-III.
eSa] Jherh e/kqckyk] lykgdkj] Jh ,ñdsñ feJk] voj lkaf[;dh; I appreciate the efforts made by Smt. Madhu Bala, Adviser;
lykgdkj Jh chñdsñ csgjk] lgk;d vkfFkZd lykgdkj rFkk vU; LVkWQ ds Shri A.K. Mishra, Additional Statistical Adviser; and Shri B.K. Behera,
Assistant Economic Adviser and other staff members who have
lnL;ksa ds iz;klksa dh ljkguk djrk gw¡ ftUgksaus bl izdk'ku dks izdkf'kr
contributed in bringing out this publication.
djokuss esa viuk ;ksxnku fn;k gSA
ubZ fnYyh( Mkñ ,ñdsñ fu;ksx New Delhi; Dr. A.K. NEOG
Qjojh] 2007 vkfFkZd ,oa lkaf[;dh; lykgdkj February, 2007 Economic & Statistical Adviser
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