This paper is an extract from a project by Natural Environment Team in Joint Studio. The Joint Studio was held in Jakarta by Universitas Indonesia and Research Instutute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN) Tokyo, Japan. The Joint Studio's site is in Kampung Cikini, Jakarta Pusat.

1. Water System and Fire Protection in High Density Kampung
Case study in Kampung Cikini, Jakarta, Indonesia
1 2 2 3 4
Aryo H.W. Kuncoro , Anindya Fitriyanti , Azalia Maritza , Hiromasa Shima , Yuichi Koba
aryohwk@gmail.com & fitriyanti.anindya@gmail.com
Kampung kota (urban kampung), a high density informal settlement, is an integral part
of Jakarta’s urban life. The high rate of urbanization makes kampung developed as an
informal settlement for a big number of urban poor who have no choice and ability to
live in a better place in the city. What they can only do is trying to live there with all sort
of problem exist.
High fire vulnerability and water quality problems are just two examples of problems
faced by the kampung inhabitants. Dense housing and narrow streets make kampung
becomes very difficult to access. Fire truck cannot reach Kampung while fire can quickly
spread because of dense buildings with vulnerable materials. On the other hand the
limited space make them live in the banks of the river and do a wide range of activities
there, including service activity such as showering, washing, and throwing trash to the
river. Consequently, river water is heavily polluted and seep into groundwater and cause
the problem of clean water was inevitable.
Dealing with those issues, we use case study method to make in depth observation
about these issues. We take Kampung Cikini in Central Jakarta, Indonesia as object of
study. This paper is an extract of what we have done in Joint Design Studio between
Universitas Indonesia and Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN) Tokyo that
took place at Jakarta in mid-2011. The output of the joint workshop is a design proposal
about the idea to upgrade the quality of life of the people in kampung.
In the design process, we did a survey of the current condition and mapped some
parameters including the condition of public toilets and fire vulnerability in the Kampung
Cikini area. From the survey and mapping of the current condition, we found that water
quality from well is affected by the location and distance to the river and the depth of
the well. Some wells that are near the polluted river have bad quality, while others come
from wells far from the river have a better quality.
Besides problem on clean water, this kampung also has a bad infrastructure of
greywater and blackwater. From the site survey, we found that in this kampung, none of
house has septic tank and not all house have private bathroom and toilet. This condition
1
Graduated from Master in Urban Design, Dept. of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia
2
Graduated from Bachelor of Architecture Dept. of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia
3
Master student from Dept of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, the University of Tokyo
4
Master student from Architecture and Urban Science, School of Engineering, Chiba University, Japan

2. is the result of the very high density house so that if one house owns a septic tank it will
interfere with other house nearby. This lead to a consensus that none of the house
allowed to own a private toilet. From this finding, we know that public bath and toilet is
an important part of the kampung’s life. Moreover, it is not only used as a place to do
cleaning, but also as a social hub in Kampung Cikini’s social life.
Another surprising fact that arose from the survey is the settlement is highly vulnerable
to fire. This caused by the high density housing made from vulnerable material and lack
of fire truck access in case fire happen. This kampung also doesn’t have a self-fire-
protection, make it even harder if fire really happen.
Our idea that came as a response to these conditions stated in the form of design
intervention. The design has several programs those are: 1) Make a river water organic
filtering system in some river part as biomachines that clean the river and act as urban
farming medium, 2) Make a centralized septic tank and water treatment plant in the
scale of neighborhood unit, and 3) Make a rainwater harvesting device as alternate
water source for domestic use.
The processing plant can be formed into one integrated plant that can be act as a new
social hub for kampung people. Besides, the processing plant can be made as an
education in the form of interactive media to promote a sustainable way of life to the
kampung people. This education and clear process is very important to show to society
that such system is works. Finally, regarding the fire vulnerability issue, this plant which
has water stored in it, people gathered and socialize nearby, and also higher structure,
can act as a fire protecting center for certain area in kampung.
Keywords: kampung, fire protection, density, water treatment plant, education, filtering

3. Group Representatives Bio
Aryo H.W. Kuncoro, 24 years old, graduated from Bachelor of Engineering, Universitas
Trisakti in Jakarta in 2009. In 2010, he continues his education and gets his Master in
Architecture degree from Urban Design Programme, Department of Architecture,
Universitas Indonesia in 2012. He is actively involved in some international joint design
studios and researches between his university and other universities abroad. Aryo has a
passion and interest in sustainable urbanism and eco design. Now, he works as an
architect and assistant researcher in some researches in Universitas Indonesia.
Anindya Fitriyanti, 22 years old, graduated from Bachelor of Architecture, Universitas
Indonesia in 2011. Now she is studying architecture professional programme also in
Universitas Indonesia and be a lecturer assistant of Introduction to Architecture study.
She is active in some student organization and joins some design competitions. She also
actively involved in some international joint design studio as participant and as
organizing committee. Anindya has a strong passion about experience design and it’s
application in architecture.