2. WHAT IS DEFORESTATION
โข Deforestation is the conversion of forested areas to non-forest land for
use such as arable land, pasture, urban use, logged area, or
wasteland. Deforestation can also be seen as removal of forests
leading to several imbalances ecologically and environmentally and
results in declines in habitat and biodiversity.
3.
4. MINING AND ITS EFFECTS ON FOREST
โข Vast areas of forests are directly cleared to accommodate mining
sites, construction of roads, processing units and townships for workers.
Destruction is vast in case of open cast mines. โข Forset land is also
used to store the waste materials that remain after the extraction of
usable ores. โข Mining also facilitates soil erosion, there by decreasing
the fertility of land leading to land degradation. โข Pollution of both air and
water is common affect of mines.
5.
6. DAMS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON FOREST
AND TRIBAL PEOPLE
โข โข When a dam is constructed across any river a huge artificial lake is
developed in the catchment area of that dam. It is also known as back
waters. The backwaters covering a large surface area. Create a lot of ill-
effects on the living environment. They are as follows: โข It creates the loss of
forest which are submerged under the back waters of the dam. โข It creates
danger to the habitat of the wild life. The wild life are forced to migrate. โข It
also affects the land under cultivation, in the catchment area as the crops
get submerged under water. โข The roads, already in existence are put under
water after the construction of dam. So the road network is damaged.
7.
8. โข About 50% of the total 18 million people displaced by
dams in india are tribals. The lives and livelihoods of
thses indigenous people suffered heavily. Their forest
based spiritual and cultural existences were also lost
when they were forced to come out of the forest. โข
Dangerous diseases like malaria developed rapidly in
the command areas of reservoirs which severely
affected the health condition of tribals living in nearby
forest areas.
