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Open Networks: Theoretical and Policy Lessons from the Internet Fran ç ois Bar
Modeling network change ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
1. New network possibilities ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Four broad media categories live delayed interpersonal mass
Media archetypes live delayed interpersonal mass telephone mail television newspaper
Distinct technical infrastructures live delayed interpersonal mass telephone mail television newspaper Switched network copper wires Packet switched trucks, planes, trains Broadcast network radio waves broadcast network print and deliver
Distinct actors live delayed interpersonal mass telephone mail television newspaper AT&T, RBOCs Publishers USPS FedEx, UPS CBS, ABC, NBC, Fox cable channels,  cable networks
Distinct policy regimes live delayed interpersonal mass telephone mail television newspaper Common carriage Price regulation Universal service Free speech no prior restraint Common carriage Gov nt  ownership License
live delayed interpersonal mass telephone mail television newspaper voice mail conference call answering machine
live delayed interpersonal mass telephone mail television newspaper telegram overnight delivery mass mailing
live delayed interpersonal mass telephone mail television newspaper targeted  newsletters several editions  per day
live delayed interpersonal mass telephone mail television newspaper many channels taped programs reruns
Internet as convergence live delayed interpersonal mass telephone mail television newspaper ip telephone email listserv web-cast
old distinctions  become  irrelevant live delayed interpersonal mass telephone mail television newspaper ip telephone email listserv web-cast web CU-seeme software updates
Characteristics of the new space? live delayed interpersonal mass ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Three-layer network model Applications Hardware Control
Control is flexibly separable Applications Hardware Control
Applications Hardware Control Applications Hardware Control Applications
Applications Hardware Control Applications Hardware Control Applications SBC AOL
Applications Hardware Control Applications Hardware Control Applications Earthlink
Applications Hardware Control Applications Hardware Control Applications Corp. LAN
Open networks' new possibilities ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2. Open networks:   theoretical implications ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Hypotheses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
3. Evidence ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
Network evolution cycle: automation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1. automate
Network evolution cycle:  experimentation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1. automate 2. experiment
Network evolution cycle:   re-configuration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1. automate 2. experiment 3. re-organize
Network Evolution:  start a new cycle ,[object Object],[object Object],1. automate 2. experiment 3. re-organize
A succession of cycles 1. automate 2. experiment 3. re-organize 5. experiment 6. re-organize 4. automate
A succession of cycles… made of smaller cycles 1. automate 2. experiment 3. re-organize 5. experiment 6. re-organize 4. automate
Key features of the network evolution cycle Iterative Cumulative End-user driven Structured learning Embedded knowledge Path-dependent 1. automate 2. experiment 3. re-organize
Co-evolution 1. automate 2. experiment 3. re-organize network organization
Co-evolution requires  Network flexibility 1. automate 2. experiment 3. re-organize configuration flexibility application flexibility
Co-evolution requires  Network flexibility 1.  automate 2. experiment 3. re-organize configuration flexibility application flexibility deploy a range of applications over a   stable network configuration   simultaneously - change network configuration to provide new applications and   -invent new applications  that  t ake  advantage of new configuration possibilities
Network flexibility 1. automate 2. experiment 3. re-organize configuration flexibility application flexibility control layer physical layer application layer
Learning: using vs. doing 1. automate 2. experiment 3. re-organize learning  by using learning by doing
Learning: who learns? 1. automate 2. experiment 3. re-organize learning  by using learning by doing network user network provider
Corporate network  generations automate experiment re-organize automate experiment re-organize automate experiment re-organize public network private network hybrid network web portfolio 1975-85 1995-? 1985-95 ? automate experiment re-organize
[object Object]
E-commerce promises:  Structural change and efficiency ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The story so far... ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mapping E-commerce infrastructure marketplace transaction & payment deliverable
Conventional marketplace C-good Mapping E-commerce conventional infrastructure marketplace transaction & payment deliverable Conventional Commerce
Electronic infrastructure Conventional marketplace C-good C-good Mapping E-commerce conventional electronic infrastructure marketplace transaction & payment deliverable Conventional Commerce Net-aided Commerce
Electronic infrastructure Conventional marketplace Electronic marketplace C-good C-good C-good Mapping E-commerce E-payment conventional electronic infrastructure marketplace transaction & payment deliverable Conventional Commerce Net-aided Commerce Indirect E-commerce
Electronic infrastructure Conventional marketplace Electronic marketplace E-good C-good C-good C-good E-delivery Mapping E-commerce E-payment conventional electronic infrastructure marketplace transaction & payment deliverable Conventional Commerce Net-aided Commerce Indirect E-commerce Direct E-Commerce
Electronic infrastructure Conventional marketplace Electronic marketplace E-good C-good C-good C-good E-delivery E-payment conventional electronic marketplace Mapping E-commerce Creating new Marketplaces
Not so new:  Network-aided commerce ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Really new: The network is the marketplace ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Network configuration determines  Marketplace architecture ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Multiple marketplaces ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
-  Discovery  +  -  execution / fulfillment  + Existing channels automation E-marketplace Content & Community portals Neutral exchanges Buyers’ agents Sellers’ agents
Airline reservation systems automate experiment re-organize automate experiment re-organize automate experiment re-organize SABRE, closed system SABRE as open marketplace Internet direct sales,  multiple marketplaces Orbitz,  SABRE (travelocity) automate experiment re-organize
4. What this means ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Policy implications ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 

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C525

  • 1. Open Networks: Theoretical and Policy Lessons from the Internet Fran ç ois Bar
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  • 4. Four broad media categories live delayed interpersonal mass
  • 5. Media archetypes live delayed interpersonal mass telephone mail television newspaper
  • 6. Distinct technical infrastructures live delayed interpersonal mass telephone mail television newspaper Switched network copper wires Packet switched trucks, planes, trains Broadcast network radio waves broadcast network print and deliver
  • 7. Distinct actors live delayed interpersonal mass telephone mail television newspaper AT&T, RBOCs Publishers USPS FedEx, UPS CBS, ABC, NBC, Fox cable channels, cable networks
  • 8. Distinct policy regimes live delayed interpersonal mass telephone mail television newspaper Common carriage Price regulation Universal service Free speech no prior restraint Common carriage Gov nt ownership License
  • 9. live delayed interpersonal mass telephone mail television newspaper voice mail conference call answering machine
  • 10. live delayed interpersonal mass telephone mail television newspaper telegram overnight delivery mass mailing
  • 11. live delayed interpersonal mass telephone mail television newspaper targeted newsletters several editions per day
  • 12. live delayed interpersonal mass telephone mail television newspaper many channels taped programs reruns
  • 13. Internet as convergence live delayed interpersonal mass telephone mail television newspaper ip telephone email listserv web-cast
  • 14. old distinctions become irrelevant live delayed interpersonal mass telephone mail television newspaper ip telephone email listserv web-cast web CU-seeme software updates
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  • 16. Three-layer network model Applications Hardware Control
  • 17. Control is flexibly separable Applications Hardware Control
  • 18. Applications Hardware Control Applications Hardware Control Applications
  • 19. Applications Hardware Control Applications Hardware Control Applications SBC AOL
  • 20. Applications Hardware Control Applications Hardware Control Applications Earthlink
  • 21. Applications Hardware Control Applications Hardware Control Applications Corp. LAN
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  • 31. A succession of cycles 1. automate 2. experiment 3. re-organize 5. experiment 6. re-organize 4. automate
  • 32. A succession of cycles… made of smaller cycles 1. automate 2. experiment 3. re-organize 5. experiment 6. re-organize 4. automate
  • 33. Key features of the network evolution cycle Iterative Cumulative End-user driven Structured learning Embedded knowledge Path-dependent 1. automate 2. experiment 3. re-organize
  • 34. Co-evolution 1. automate 2. experiment 3. re-organize network organization
  • 35. Co-evolution requires Network flexibility 1. automate 2. experiment 3. re-organize configuration flexibility application flexibility
  • 36. Co-evolution requires Network flexibility 1. automate 2. experiment 3. re-organize configuration flexibility application flexibility deploy a range of applications over a stable network configuration simultaneously - change network configuration to provide new applications and -invent new applications that t ake advantage of new configuration possibilities
  • 37. Network flexibility 1. automate 2. experiment 3. re-organize configuration flexibility application flexibility control layer physical layer application layer
  • 38. Learning: using vs. doing 1. automate 2. experiment 3. re-organize learning by using learning by doing
  • 39. Learning: who learns? 1. automate 2. experiment 3. re-organize learning by using learning by doing network user network provider
  • 40. Corporate network generations automate experiment re-organize automate experiment re-organize automate experiment re-organize public network private network hybrid network web portfolio 1975-85 1995-? 1985-95 ? automate experiment re-organize
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  • 44. Mapping E-commerce infrastructure marketplace transaction & payment deliverable
  • 45. Conventional marketplace C-good Mapping E-commerce conventional infrastructure marketplace transaction & payment deliverable Conventional Commerce
  • 46. Electronic infrastructure Conventional marketplace C-good C-good Mapping E-commerce conventional electronic infrastructure marketplace transaction & payment deliverable Conventional Commerce Net-aided Commerce
  • 47. Electronic infrastructure Conventional marketplace Electronic marketplace C-good C-good C-good Mapping E-commerce E-payment conventional electronic infrastructure marketplace transaction & payment deliverable Conventional Commerce Net-aided Commerce Indirect E-commerce
  • 48. Electronic infrastructure Conventional marketplace Electronic marketplace E-good C-good C-good C-good E-delivery Mapping E-commerce E-payment conventional electronic infrastructure marketplace transaction & payment deliverable Conventional Commerce Net-aided Commerce Indirect E-commerce Direct E-Commerce
  • 49. Electronic infrastructure Conventional marketplace Electronic marketplace E-good C-good C-good C-good E-delivery E-payment conventional electronic marketplace Mapping E-commerce Creating new Marketplaces
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  • 55. - Discovery + - execution / fulfillment + Existing channels automation E-marketplace Content & Community portals Neutral exchanges Buyers’ agents Sellers’ agents
  • 56. Airline reservation systems automate experiment re-organize automate experiment re-organize automate experiment re-organize SABRE, closed system SABRE as open marketplace Internet direct sales, multiple marketplaces Orbitz, SABRE (travelocity) automate experiment re-organize
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