PLEASE ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONES BELOW AS DETAILED AS POSSIBLE. THANK YOU! Why do all (-)RNA virus have an RNA polymerase in its virion? How does vesicular stomatitis virus regulate its mRNA transcription? How does vesicular stomatitis virus regulate Protein synthesis? State numerous factors for Ebola virus being an emerging deadly pathogen for us. Why can’t influenza virus replicate in a cell where the nucleus has been removed? PLEASE ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONES ABOVE AS DETAILED AS POSSIBLE. THANK YOU! Solution 1) Negative-sense RNA has a nucleotide sequence complementary to the mRNA that it encodes. Like DNA, this RNA cannot be translated into protein directly. Instead, it must first be transcribed into a positive-sense RNA that acts as an mRNA. In order to get transcribed into a positive-sense RNA these viruses need a RNA Polymerase enzyme. As soon as the virion enters the host cell the virus uses its own RNA replicase, known as RNA dependent RNA Polymerase to form positive RNA template strands through complementary base pairing. This positive sense RNA strand acts as mRNA and can be translated into structural capsomere proteins and viral RNA polyemrase enzymes for further synthesis of virions. 2) The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of vesicular stomatitis virus, a nonsegmented negative- strand RNA virus, directs two discrete RNA synthetic processes, transcription and replication. The two short extragenic regions at the genomic termini, the 3 leader (Le) and the complement of the 5 trailer (TrC), contain essential signals for these processes. The viral genome comprises a 47-nt leader region (Le), five transcriptional units for the N, P, M (matrix), G (glycoprotein), and L mRNAs, and a 59-nucleotide trailer region (Tr), arranged in the order 3 Le-N-P-M-G-L-Tr 5. The 3 Le is thought to act as a promoter for transcription of the viral mRNAs. The promoter for mRNA transcription was shown to include specific sequence elements within Le at positions 19 to 29 and 34 to 46, a separate element at nucleotides 47 to 50, the nontranscribed leader-N gene junction. Transcription process 3) Translation in Vesicular Stomatitis Virus 3) Ebola, commonly known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a rare and deadly disease caused by infection with one of the Ebola virus strains. Ebola can cause disease in humans and nonhuman primates (monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees). Ebola viruses belong to a family of viruses called Filoviridae, and there are five known species of Ebola virus 5) Influenza A virus belongs to the family of Orthomyxoviridae. Orthomyxoviridae viruses are one of two RNA viruses that replicate in the nucleus (the other being retroviridae). The reason is that the machinery of orthomyxo viruses cannot make their own mRNAs. The influenza virus has a negative sense RNA genome. In the host nucleus, the virus does primary transcription to produce necessary proteins for replication..

1. PLEASE ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONES BELOW AS DETAILED AS POSSIBLE.
THANK YOU!
Why do all (-)RNA virus have an RNA polymerase in its virion?
How does vesicular stomatitis virus regulate its mRNA transcription?
How does vesicular stomatitis virus regulate Protein synthesis?
State numerous factors for Ebola virus being an emerging deadly pathogen for us.
Why can’t influenza virus replicate in a cell where the nucleus has been removed?
PLEASE ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONES ABOVE AS DETAILED AS POSSIBLE.
THANK YOU!
Solution
1) Negative-sense RNA has a nucleotide sequence complementary to the mRNA that it encodes.
Like DNA, this RNA cannot be translated into protein directly. Instead, it must first be
transcribed into a positive-sense RNA that acts as an mRNA.
In order to get transcribed into a positive-sense RNA these viruses need a RNA Polymerase
enzyme. As soon as the virion enters the host cell the virus uses its own RNA replicase, known
as RNA dependent RNA Polymerase to form positive RNA template strands through
complementary base pairing. This positive sense RNA strand acts as mRNA and can be
translated into structural capsomere proteins and viral RNA polyemrase enzymes for further
synthesis of virions.
2) The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of vesicular stomatitis virus, a nonsegmented negative-
strand RNA virus, directs two discrete RNA synthetic processes, transcription and replication.
The two short extragenic regions at the genomic termini, the 3 leader (Le) and the complement
of the 5 trailer (TrC), contain essential signals for these processes.
The viral genome comprises a 47-nt leader region (Le), five transcriptional units for the N, P, M
(matrix), G (glycoprotein), and L mRNAs, and a 59-nucleotide trailer region (Tr), arranged in the
order 3 Le-N-P-M-G-L-Tr 5. The 3 Le is thought to act as a promoter for transcription of the
viral mRNAs.
The promoter for mRNA transcription was shown to include specific sequence elements within
Le at positions 19 to 29 and 34 to 46, a separate element at nucleotides 47 to 50, the
nontranscribed leader-N gene junction.
Transcription process
3) Translation in Vesicular Stomatitis Virus
3) Ebola, commonly known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a rare and deadly disease caused by

2. infection with one of the Ebola virus strains. Ebola can cause disease in humans and nonhuman
primates (monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees). Ebola viruses belong to a family of viruses
called Filoviridae, and there are five known species of Ebola virus
5) Influenza A virus belongs to the family of Orthomyxoviridae. Orthomyxoviridae viruses are
one of two RNA viruses that replicate in the nucleus (the other being retroviridae). The reason is
that the machinery of orthomyxo viruses cannot make their own mRNAs. The influenza virus
has a negative sense RNA genome. In the host nucleus, the virus does primary transcription to
produce necessary proteins for replication.