Please find the answers and explanations below: Part 1 (True/False) 1. Replication and transcription proceed in 5\' to 3\' direction: TRUE (Both DNA replication and transcription of mRNA proceed in 5\' to 3\' direcition. This is because the firstly, the DNA polymerase retains only 5\' to 3\' directionality and thus, replication begins only in this direction. .Secondarily, there must be sequence similarity between the DNA and the RNA transcribed from it thus the orientation of transcription is necessarily 5\' to 3\' in nature) 2. All cells have telomerase activity : FALSE (Telomerase or terminal transferase is an enzyme which is required for maintenance of terminal positions of chromosomes by self-replication and prevents shortening of chromosomes. It also prevents sticking of chromosomes together and thus clumping of chromosomes. Telomerase acitivty is absent in majority of somatic cells in the body.) 3. Only mRNA is transcribed: TRUE (Only the mRNA which carries the necessary information for translation is transcribed from the DNA template. The tRNA is utilized to transfer the transcribed information and rRNA is utilized to generate the polypeptide on the ribosomal surface during translation) 4. Promoter regions are upstream from the gene: TRUE (A gene promoter is the region of DNA located upstream the gene to be transcribed and carries the consensus sequence which could be recognized by RNA polymerase for its binding and carrying on transcription) 5. A single tRNA can carry several different amino acids: FALSE (The tRNA is specific for only one kind of amino acid which it could carry. It is a highly stringent and specific nature of this biomolecule which determines the specificness for the amino acid which will be synthesized from the codon) Part 2 Please find the definitions below: 1. Semi-conservative replication: The mode of replication of double stranded DNA in which a daughter DNA molecules carries a strand from parent DNA and the complementary strand is synthesized de novo is called semi-conservative replication. 2. Okazaki fragments: Okazaki fragments are short stretches of DNA synthesized discountinuously on the lagging strand on the open frame of the parent DNA. These stretches of DNA are finally conjoined together to form a continous strand of newly synthesized DNA. 3. Consensus sequence: Consensus sequences are those genetically conserved sequences of DNA which remain similar (upto 99%) within organisms of same or different species and are actively engaged in crucial functions such as promoter region binding, transcription sites for transcription factors, enzymatic genes etc. Any change or deterioration in these consesus sequence might be highly deletrious for the cells. 4. Codon: A codon can be defined as a triplet set of nucleotides which come in a specific order and encode for a specific type of amino acid upon translation. For example, the codon AAA encodes for amino acid lysine. Exceptionally, codons UAA, UAG and UGA do not .

1. Please find the answers and explanations below:
Part 1 (True/False)
1. Replication and transcription proceed in 5' to 3' direction: TRUE (Both DNA replication and
transcription of mRNA proceed in 5' to 3' direcition. This is because the firstly, the DNA
polymerase retains only 5' to 3' directionality and thus, replication begins only in this direction.
.Secondarily, there must be sequence similarity between the DNA and the RNA transcribed from
it thus the orientation of transcription is necessarily 5' to 3' in nature)
2. All cells have telomerase activity : FALSE (Telomerase or terminal transferase is an enzyme
which is required for maintenance of terminal positions of chromosomes by self-replication and
prevents shortening of chromosomes. It also prevents sticking of chromosomes together and thus
clumping of chromosomes. Telomerase acitivty is absent in majority of somatic cells in the
body.)
3. Only mRNA is transcribed: TRUE (Only the mRNA which carries the necessary information
for translation is transcribed from the DNA template. The tRNA is utilized to transfer the
transcribed information and rRNA is utilized to generate the polypeptide on the ribosomal
surface during translation)
4. Promoter regions are upstream from the gene: TRUE (A gene promoter is the region of DNA
located upstream the gene to be transcribed and carries the consensus sequence which could be
recognized by RNA polymerase for its binding and carrying on transcription)
5. A single tRNA can carry several different amino acids: FALSE (The tRNA is specific for only
one kind of amino acid which it could carry. It is a highly stringent and specific nature of this
biomolecule which determines the specificness for the amino acid which will be synthesized
from the codon)
Part 2
Please find the definitions below:
1. Semi-conservative replication: The mode of replication of double stranded DNA in which a
daughter DNA molecules carries a strand from parent DNA and the complementary strand is
synthesized de novo is called semi-conservative replication.
2. Okazaki fragments: Okazaki fragments are short stretches of DNA synthesized
discountinuously on the lagging strand on the open frame of the parent DNA. These stretches of
DNA are finally conjoined together to form a continous strand of newly synthesized DNA.
3. Consensus sequence: Consensus sequences are those genetically conserved sequences of DNA
which remain similar (upto 99%) within organisms of same or different species and are actively
engaged in crucial functions such as promoter region binding, transcription sites for transcription
factors, enzymatic genes etc. Any change or deterioration in these consesus sequence might be

2. highly deletrious for the cells.
4. Codon: A codon can be defined as a triplet set of nucleotides which come in a specific order
and encode for a specific type of amino acid upon translation. For example, the codon AAA
encodes for amino acid lysine. Exceptionally, codons UAA, UAG and UGA do not encode for
any amino acid as they are terminating codons.
Solution
Please find the answers and explanations below:
Part 1 (True/False)
1. Replication and transcription proceed in 5' to 3' direction: TRUE (Both DNA replication and
transcription of mRNA proceed in 5' to 3' direcition. This is because the firstly, the DNA
polymerase retains only 5' to 3' directionality and thus, replication begins only in this direction.
.Secondarily, there must be sequence similarity between the DNA and the RNA transcribed from
it thus the orientation of transcription is necessarily 5' to 3' in nature)
2. All cells have telomerase activity : FALSE (Telomerase or terminal transferase is an enzyme
which is required for maintenance of terminal positions of chromosomes by self-replication and
prevents shortening of chromosomes. It also prevents sticking of chromosomes together and thus
clumping of chromosomes. Telomerase acitivty is absent in majority of somatic cells in the
body.)
3. Only mRNA is transcribed: TRUE (Only the mRNA which carries the necessary information
for translation is transcribed from the DNA template. The tRNA is utilized to transfer the
transcribed information and rRNA is utilized to generate the polypeptide on the ribosomal
surface during translation)
4. Promoter regions are upstream from the gene: TRUE (A gene promoter is the region of DNA
located upstream the gene to be transcribed and carries the consensus sequence which could be
recognized by RNA polymerase for its binding and carrying on transcription)
5. A single tRNA can carry several different amino acids: FALSE (The tRNA is specific for only
one kind of amino acid which it could carry. It is a highly stringent and specific nature of this
biomolecule which determines the specificness for the amino acid which will be synthesized
from the codon)
Part 2
Please find the definitions below:
1. Semi-conservative replication: The mode of replication of double stranded DNA in which a
daughter DNA molecules carries a strand from parent DNA and the complementary strand is
synthesized de novo is called semi-conservative replication.

3. 2. Okazaki fragments: Okazaki fragments are short stretches of DNA synthesized
discountinuously on the lagging strand on the open frame of the parent DNA. These stretches of
DNA are finally conjoined together to form a continous strand of newly synthesized DNA.
3. Consensus sequence: Consensus sequences are those genetically conserved sequences of DNA
which remain similar (upto 99%) within organisms of same or different species and are actively
engaged in crucial functions such as promoter region binding, transcription sites for transcription
factors, enzymatic genes etc. Any change or deterioration in these consesus sequence might be
highly deletrious for the cells.
4. Codon: A codon can be defined as a triplet set of nucleotides which come in a specific order
and encode for a specific type of amino acid upon translation. For example, the codon AAA
encodes for amino acid lysine. Exceptionally, codons UAA, UAG and UGA do not encode for
any amino acid as they are terminating codons.