this presentation about basic robot and making process.

1. DESIGNING OF ROBOT
And ROBOTIC CIRCUITS

2. I’MAROBOT
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3. I’m a machine
I can work without human control
I interact with my environment
I’MAROBOT
BECAUSE
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4. I’MAROBOT
BECAUSE
I don’t need to have
a human shape
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5. I’MAROBOT
BECAUSE
sensors Actuaroscontroller
They Give
external information
They execute
controller orders
It Processes information
and sends orders
I have
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6. I’MAROBOT
BECAUSE
sensors Actuatorscontroller
held by one
structure
I have
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7. I’MAROBOT
BECAUSE
I’m
programmed
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8. CLASSIFICATION
• Stationary Robots
• Mobile Robots
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9. CLASSIFICATION
• Industrial Robots
• Domestic Robots
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11. • Chassis
• Gear
• Power source
• Sensor
• Controller
• Actuators
ROBOTBODYPARTS
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12. ROBOTCHASSIS  Robot chassis is the base or the main body of a ROBOT.
 It provides support to all robotic parts.
 It’s design depends on purpose of ROBOT.
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13. 3 Wheel Chassis
• Used where sharp turn
required.
• Like Line Follower
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14. 4 Wheel Chassis
• Used where optimum balance
and grip are required.
• Like Object mover
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15. 6/8 Wheel Chassis
• Used where high amount of
balance and grip are required.
• Like Mars Pathfinder
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16. Track Wheel Chassis
• Used for uneven or low
fraction surface.
• Like ARMY Robot
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17. Walking Robot Chassis
• Used for Human like
movements
• Like ASIMO
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18. A gear is a rotating machine part having
cut teeth, which mesh with another
toothed part in order to transmit torque.
GEARS
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19. TypesofGears
 Spur Gears
 Helical Gears
 Bevel Gears
 Worm Gears
 Rack and Pinion Gears
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20. Spur Gears
 Very common kind of Gear
 Used primarily for gear reduction
 Reduction ratio is the ratio of teeth in the
driver gear and the driven gear
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21. Helical Gears
 These gears have better grip on each
other than the spur gears
 Can also be used for changing the axis
direction
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22. Bevel Gears
 Mostly used for
altering the direction
of the rotation axis
 The gear reduction
can be achieved by
different number of
teeth in the gears
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23. Worm Gear
 Used for very high gear reduction
 The wheel is driven by the worm
screw. One rotation of the worm
causes the wheel to advance one tooth
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24. Rack & Pinion Mechanism
 Used for converting rotational
motion into linear motion
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25. •An actuator is something that
converts energy into motion.
•They are the part of a robot that
actually makes it to move and do
stuffs.
ACTUATORS
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26. TypesofActuators
 Dc motor
 Dc geared motor
 Brushless motor
 Stepper motor
 Servo motor
 DC Linear Actuator
 Solenoid
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27. Dc gearless motor
 Moderately high speed(rpm)
 Less torque
 Can be used for low power application
 Usually used as propeller in small boats
and other solar bots.
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28. Geared DC motor
 Good torque
 Relatively lesser speed
 Used where the torque is the main criteria
 Low speed application
 Usually used to drive a robot and for
robotic arm
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29. Brushless motor
 Very high speed(rpm)
 Low torque
 Requires a good power source(like LiPo
batteries)
 Used for Flying bots and CD/DVD Writer.
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30. Stepper motor
 Pretty good torque
 Speed is variable
 Used where precise rotation is require.
 Need special circuit to make it work
 Usually used with a microcontroller
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31. Servo motor
 Good torque
 Rotates a maximum of 180 degree (360
degree in some case)
 Rotates to a particular position depending
of the duty cycle of PWM
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32. DC Linear Actuator
 Provide linear movement
 Made up of a DC motor connected to a lead
screw
 Similar to dc motor and hence speed can be
controlled using PWM
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33. Solenoid
 They can be electromechanical, hydraulic,
or pneumatic driven
 Stroke is usually very small but they are
pretty fast.
 Used to drive valves.
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34. ELECTRONICS
 Resistance
 Capacitor
 Diode
 LED
 Transistor
 Relay
 Integrated Circuit (IC)
 Bread Board
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35. BB ROY
from
Great
Britain had
a
Very
Good
Wife
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36. Variable Resistance
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37. Capacitor
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38. Diode
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39. Light Emitting Diode [LED]
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40. Transistor
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41. Relays
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42. Integrated Circuit [IC]
PIN 1
PIN 4
PIN 8
PIN 5
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43. Bread Board
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44. 4/19/2018 44

45. Bread Board Internal Connections
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46. Printed Circuit Board [PCB]
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47. SENSORS
 A sensor is a converter that measures a
physical quantity and converts it into a
signal which can be read by an observer
or by an electronic instrument.
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48.  The sensor works on any of the
principles.
 Resistive
 Capacitive
 Inductive
 Piezo
 Hall effect
etc.
WorkingPrinciple
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49. ItMeasures  The sensors use to measure a long list of
parameter. Some are:
and so on………………..
 Light
 Motion
 Temperature
 Magnetic fields
 Gravity
 Humidity
 Moisture
 Vibration
 Pressure
 Electrical fields
 Sound
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50. DESIGNING OF BASIC
WIRED ROBOT

51. Mechanical Arrangements
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52. DPDT Switch
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53. DPDT Switch Fitting
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54. DPDT Switch Connections
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55. DESIGNING OF A LINE
FOLLOWER ROBOT

56. What is Line Follower
The name line follower itself clear it’s meaning that it
is “ A robot which traces or follows a specific path” .
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57. Principle of L.F.R.
The principle is very easy it just senses the line with
the use of two sensors.
According to sensors output it Drives the left and
right motors to run robot in proper direction.4/19/2018 57

58. 4/19/2018 58

59. Infra-Red Sensors
Comparator – LM358
H-Bridge – L293D
Passive components
Voltage Regulator – IC7805
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60. IR LED and Sensor
 IR Sensor changes it output voltage when
IR rays incident on it.
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61. IR Sensor
 IR Sensor changes it output voltage when
IR rays incident on it.
*TSOP ( T hin S mall O utline P ackage)4/19/2018 61

62. Power Supply
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63. Comparator
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64. Comparator IC [LM-358]
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65. Sensor Circuit
3
2 8
4
2 => 6
3 => 5
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66. Sensor and Motor Arrangement
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67. S1
S2
+
-
ON
ON
ON
ON
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68. Motor Driver Circuit
10
1
3
4
5
2
6
7
8
16
14
13
12
15
11
9
L293D
Enable-1,2
Input 1
Input 2
Input 4
Input 3
VCC
Enable 3,4
Input 1 Input 2 Motor Direction
0 0 Stop
0 1 Anti-clock wise
1 0 Clock wise
1 1 Stop 4/19/2018 68

69. Interfacing of Motor Driver and IR Circuit for Line
follower
Pin 7 & 10
Will be GND
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70. Principle:
When any sensor gives 0 (zero) O/P the
opposite side motor should be off to prevent
the falling of robot.
To Achive this:
For the Edge Avoider Robot just interchange the
Left and Right Motors of LFR.
Edge Avoider Robot
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71. Object Avoider Robot
Principle:
When any sensor senses the object the
opposite side motor should be off to avoid the
object.
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72. To Achive this from E.A.R. :
For the Object Avoider Robot follow the steps.
1. Connect Pin no. 7 and 10 to +5 Volt.
2. Interchange the polarity of both motors.
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73. Light Sensor [LDR]
• Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) is a resistor whose
resistance decreases with increasing incident light
intensity; in other words, it exhibits photoconductivity.
• It is made up of cadmium sulphide.
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74. LDR Circuit to Drive a relay
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75. LDR based Circuit (For Practice at Home)
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