Irish Potato Famine Research Paper: Deadly Crop Failure

The Irish Potato Famine
Research Paper: Irish Potato Famine
"Beginning in 1845 and lasting for six years, the potato famine killed over a million men, women
and children in Ireland and caused another million to flee the country" (The History Place–
Introduction). During the 1840s many Irish citizens lived in poverty. For food, the Irish relied almost
entirely on potatoes because of their low cost and nutritional value. Then a devastating potato blight
began in Europe in 1845 and destroyed the crops every year until 1851. Due to Ireland's poor
government the citizens we not able to recover from the famine quickly.
Before the famine in the mid–1800s, "many English politicians and social reformers began to think
that Ireland was a nation in need of transformation, that it's people now needed to be yanked into the
modern world by tossing out the old Gaelic traditions" (The History Place–Before the Famine). The
English reformers wanted to end Ireland's "cycle" of poverty and misfortune because in the "1800s
poverty was thought to be caused by bad moral character" (The History Place– Before the Famine).
The English politicians and social reformers also wanted to change the laid–back lifestyle of the
Irish peasants. " They professed the virtues of hard work, thrift and self–reliance and regarded the
Irish as totally lacking in these qualities, a point of view also shared by many British officials and
politicians" (The History Place–Before the Famine).
Ireland's population doubled to over 8 million
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A Modest Proposal Satire Essay
"Satire is a sort of glass, wherein beholders do generally discover everybody's face but their own." –
Jonathan Swift. "A Modest Proposal" published in 1729 is just one of many of Jonathans Swift's
great pieces of satire but, "A Modest Proposal" stands out simply because it's a unique piece in Swift
collection. For good reason, it's about proposal that Swift created for his country of Ireland to help
improve the lives of everyone by simply selling and eating only a couple hundred thousand of
children of poor parents. As crazy as it may seem Swift proposal contains reasonable ideas and a
reasonable process on who and how it should be done and how it will positively affect the people
and economy of Ireland. Of course, this proposal is nothing ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This topic is not one specific to Ireland during this time but a trend all over the world, in a study in
done by the Encyclopedia of Activism and Social Justice, "Income Inequality" "In 2003, the top 5%
of U.S. households received 21.4% of aggregate income, while the lowest fifth received 3.4%.
Income inequality in the United States has been rising since 1979, with the exception of a brief
decline in the early 2000s." The rich get richer and poor get poorer because the gap between the two
is so large it's not about the poor trying to catch up but how the rich are trying to get further away
and with the money they have it's much easier for them to extend the gap then it is for the poor to
close it. Swift's view on the power of the wealthy is seen all over "A Modest Proposal" and one of
the main reasons why he wrote it because he saw the only way to close the gap was to sell and eat
children and if closing the gap comes to something like that you know whatever country it is the
state they're in is not healthy. Swift also tackles the issue of the behavior of wealthy and elite and
how they do little to nothing at all to help the lower classes not because

Potato Famine: Detrimental Economi And Social Analysis
acre, but also during the winter which helped keep animals healthy for the Spring since the majority
of crops were not able to grow in winter conditions (Need Citation). Additionally, the nutrition that
potatoes provided, such as vitamin A, C, and B–6 along with calcium and iron, was astonishing
since it was so easy to grow, so this produced a wide impact socially on Ireland, which was doubling
the Irish population from about four million to eight million (Need Citation). Also, the Corn Laws,
which were a tariff on grain and dramatically held the price of bread at a high cost, was another
major incentive for farmers to switch to potatoes for their main source of staple and cash crop,
because farmers would be able to make more of an economic profit by using potatoes then trying to
have the majority of their land taken up by overly taxed wheat and grain.
Detrimental ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Additionally, the already depleted and limited availability of space for each succeeding generation
only had one solution, which was to divide they already divided parcels into even smaller plots of
housing, caused less space for other crops to be able to produce a large enough yield for any profit,
so this added to the list of reasons for farmers to only produce potatoes as their main crop, since they
could produce a large yield on a limited amount of acreage (Need Citation). However, because there
was such a large population to feed during the potato blight, and the larger part of the population
only relied on

The Irish Immigration With The Great Wave
Many immigrants of the infamous Great Wave of the late 19th and early 20th century expected great
things in the land they heard of called the United States of America. They were told words like
prosperity, freedom, and the pursuit of happiness. With the large sum of migrants from Ireland, they
were fleeing from something much greater. The Irish ventured westward hoping for better, fertile
land and country leadership. Some achieved this, but it took much more heart than originally
expected. The Irish immigration with the Great Wave played a crucial role in defining the American
prosperity in the early stages of the labor movement due to their will to work hard, Catholic
background, and being well versed in multiple areas of labor. The Irish people left their homeland
with a set purpose in mind. They left for something better. They left to see a better day without their
crops failing to see the next day. Life was too miserable to bear for the Irish natives. This was due to
a great famine that later that became known as the Great Hunger of 1847. Famines were very
common during 19th century rural Ireland, but none like the one at this time. Potatoes were a staple
crop, especially in Ireland, but were very vulnerable to disease. Parts of North America and France
were faced with blight with the potatoes in 1844. This blight was an airborne fungus entitled
Phytophthora Infestans. People had very high expectations for Ireland's crop in 1845 despite this
news heard recently around

Irish Dance Throughout The 16th And 17th Century
There are many references to group or social dances performed in Ireland throughout the 16th and
17th centuries. However, most accounts were written by visiting English historians who were
concerned with the social and economic conditions of the country rather than the dancing itself.
They inform us that group or 'country' dances were performed by the Irish at social gatherings
including weddings, fairs and holidays. These would have been simple dances which almost anyone
could have joined and indeed they were not distinctly Irish but rather dances that were common
throughout western Europe.
In the early 1700s the 'Travelling Dance Master' appeared on the scene in Ireland and he made a
major contribution to the dancing as we know it today. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This gradual change was due to the increase in contact with overseas teachers and special exams
were set up to facilitate this development, the first of which were held in England (1969) North
America (1967) and Australia (1969).
There are now more than 1800 teachers, adjudicators and examiners around the world working in
Ireland, England, Scotland, Wales, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, USA, Brazil, Mexico,
Argentina, South Africa, Kenya, Holland, Belgium, France, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Italy,
Hungary, Poland, Russia, Norway, the United Arab Emirates and Asia.
Today, the two largest international competitions, the All–Ireland Championships (established in the
1940s) and the World Championships (1970) are very much seen as a celebration of the Celtic
heritage that connects the peoples of the world as well as being a showcase for all that is uniquely
special about Irish Dance.
Thanks to the extraordinary success of shows such as Lord of the Dance, Feet of Flames, Celtic
Tiger and Riverdance, interest in Irish Dance is flourishing; it is estimated that more than 250,000
people regularly attend lessons in Irish Dancing, whether step dancing (performed by individuals) or
team dancing (both traditional ceili and modern

Feminism: Annotated Bibliography Of Beowulf
Eric Guadamuz
Professor Vivian Wilson
English 2322
3 July, 2015
Birth of Feminism: Annotated Bibliography of Beowulf In A Modest Proposal, Jonathan Swift gives
a satirical solution to how the overpopulation in Ireland should be officially solved. Although some
were to be grossed out by the solution Swift proposed, there is deeper meaning in what was meant.
Swift was expressing his views that it was the rich who were doing nothing about the situation and
by the rich, he meant England. England was the big brother of the United Kingdom at the time and it
was their responsibility to take care of its younger siblings, like Ireland. Swift wanted to
metaphorically use the rich eating the babies as England eating away from Ireland and not doing
anything about it. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"A Modest Proposal: Swift's Persona as Absentee." Ball State University
Forum 17.4 (Autumn 1976): 3–11. Rpt. in Literature Criticism from 1400 to 1800. Ed. Thomas J.
Schoenberg and Lawrence J. Trudeau. Vol. 101. Detroit: Gale, 2004. Literature Resource Center.
Web. 6 July 2015.
Wilson begins with Swift's Modest Proposal and how it depicts what was the deeper meaning in his
essay which England was using the surrounding lands such as Ireland merely for its resources and
were basically being treated less than garbage. Wilson goes on stating that it was Swift's way of
forming a protest against the mother nation. Wilson concludes with the idea that Swift was giving a
warning to the Irish that they were being taken advantage of and that something was to be done.
With this article, it perfectly agrees with the idea of Swift blaming England for the misshapen of
events happening in Ireland.
Lockwood, Thomas. "Swift's Modest Proposal: An Interpretation." Papers on Language and
Literature 10.3 (Summer 1974): 254–267. Rpt. in Literature Criticism from 1400 to 1800. Ed.
Thomas J. Schoenberg and Lawrence J. Trudeau. Vol. 101. Detroit: Gale, 2004. Literature Resource
Center. Web. 6 July

How Significant Were the Nationalist Leaders in Changing...
How significant were the nationalist leaders in changing the relationship between Great Britain and
Ireland in the period 1815–1922?
Robert Pearce cites the work of 'outstanding nationalist leaders joining together to oppose the
tyranny of England and compelling her to retreat and abandon most of Ireland'. Whilst O'Connell
campaigned for the emancipation of Catholics, uniting them and bringing about political
advancement, his significance is questionable; after 1840 he had failed to bring about repeal. In
comparison Parnell finally made the image of Home Rule a realistic possibility and Collins who
ultimately brought about negotiations of the Anglo–Irish treaty; effectively leading Ireland to
freedom. In assessing the significance of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore we must consider that there are other aspects such as the Famine that were significant and
contributed to the changing of the Irish–British relationship.
On the other hand, it was nationalist leader Parnell who 'brought about the whole issue of Home
Rule to the forefront of British politics' and laid the foundations for a change in British–Irish
relations. Parnell's astute ability to manipulate the Irish public allowed him to unite the various
shades of Irish nationalism together and unite them under one movement; the New Departure. This
united movement posed a direct threat and 'allowed him to exert extreme pressure on the British
government'. By 1879 Parnell had become president of the Land League and had forged and
maintained crucial relations with America. The American–Irish relations were heavily responsible
for funding the Land League, which was crucial to Parnell's persuading of Gladstone to pass the
Land Acts of 1881 which granted the 3Fs, fair rent, free sale and fixity of tenure. The formation of
Parnell's 'disciplined, pledge bound party' ensured the issues of Ireland would be present in British
politics; as no british government was singularly strong enough to govern without the support of the
Irish with the IPP increasing their number of MPs from 63 to 85. Tweedie even goes as far to
suggest the results of the general election clinched

A Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift
Satire in "A Modest Proposal" and Different Articles Jonathan Swift, author of "A Modest
Proposal," tries to present different ideas in order to change the situation of Ireland. Through his
proposal, he is able to get people's attention, and the way he uses satire throughout the article made
his argument more successful. He wrote this essay to show how ignored and bad the state of Ireland
and its social classes are. In "A Modest Proposal", Swift effectively uses rhetorical exaggeration to
express his offense towards England's politicians, and the status of the poor people in the country in
the late seventeenth century. His purpose was to raise awareness of what was taking place in that
society. Swift expresses his growing annoyance towards the inability of the politicians, the
hypocrisy of the rich, the brutality of the English, and the degrading situations in which the Irish
people were living in. Swift was trying to persuade the people by proposing this extreme and
unusual way for the purpose of provoking them to come up with the right solutions. On the other
hand, the Onion is an organization that publishes articles on international, national, and local news.
In the following paragraphs, there are similarities and differences between Swift's essay's satire and
some articles from the Onion.
The similar idea that is included both in "A modest proposal" and the Onion article is that: Swift
proposes that selling babies of the poor for food and clothing could improve

Comparing Modest Proposal And Vanishing Middle Class
Compare and Contrast Essay
In a " Modest Proposal" by Jonathan Swift and "Vanishing Middle Class" by Elizabeth Warren,
argue that the economic system in both Ireland and the United States are flawed. Swift argues that
the poor is dragging down the middle class. In contrary Warren argues that the middle class is the
greatest ally of the poor. Swift argues that the poor is dragging down the middle class, as the
children of poor people are a burden to their parents and country. His solution to help the poor have
a better economic status is by selling their children as food to the rich. Swift wants to get his point
through, that the landlords are becoming more rich, while the poor are not getting the help that is
needed.Warren argues that if the middle class is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the reading, he stated, "It is a melancholy object to those, who walk through this great town,or
travel in the country, when they see the streets, the roads and cabbin–doors crowded with beggars of
the female sex, followed by three, four, or six children, all in rags, and importuning every passenger
for an alms" (Swift Page 1). What this means is that Ireland is becoming more overpopulated. These
poor families have to deal with their children, even though they can't afford to take care of them.
This matters because the children are more of a burden to the families because they can't really do
anything to help out their families situation. Swift argues that mothers can't go to work due to the
children, since they need to be taken care of. Ireland is becoming more overpopulated due to the
poor families because they are having around four through six kids. This will eventually hurt the
whole economic system thus bringing down the middle class down. As well as the whole country
will be affected. Luckily Swift finds a solution to this problem, which is selling their kids to the rich
as

Domestic Violence Between The United States And The...
An Analysis of the Differences in the Handling of Domestic Violence between the United States and
the Republic of Ireland.
By,
Ryan James Patrick Cavanaugh
CRJ – 30: Gender and the Law
Professor Berg
16 December 2015 The issue of domestic violence has become a widely debated topic in modern
society. Domestic violence has been a serious situation in the criminal justice system for much of
history, however, until approximately the last twenty years, it was largely ignored by society. In the
United States, significant political pressure resulting in valuable legislation being passed at a federal
and state level has worked to protect victims of domestic violence, and prosecute those who commit
such acts. While the United ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These forms include but are not limited to; verbal abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse,
psychological abuse, economic abuse, and other forms of abuse. It is difficult to give a definitive
definition for domestic violence as it can take on many different forms, however, one proposed
definition that many in the field support define "...domestic violence as an unwanted, deliberate and
sustained pattern of culturally inappropriate behaviour by people that harms vulnerable others with
whom they have a fiduciary relationship and which primarily occurs in their place of residence."
(Taylor, Pooley, and Taylor, 2014, p. 11). This is a very broad definition intended to include many
possible ways which people can fall victim to domestic violence. The factor that makes domestic
violence difficult to enforce is that it occurs in a home environment between individuals involved in
a close personal relationship. This makes many people, including victims, feel pressured to keep it a
private matter, which can lead to a dangerous situation where the abuse gets worse over time. In the
1990s, the United States passed legislation to help crackdown on the domestic violence epidemic.
The legislation instituted many important changes in the way the criminal justice system handles
domestic violence. "These changes have included everything from mandatory arrest laws for
domestic violence offenses, the compilation of extensive report filing systems to track domestic

History Of The Irish Famine
The United States had a huge impact on Ireland. It can be stated that it started off with the Americas
shipping potatoes up to Ireland. The Irish became dependent on the spud as there were many
available and the variation in meals you can prepare with them. One can boil them, mash them, or
stick them in a stew along with many other delicacies. By 1845, 40 percent of the country's
population routinely lived almost entirely on potatoes.
Along came Ireland's great famine between 1845 and 1952. This famine not only killed through
starvation, but also with terrible illnesses and bone deterioration. These diseases included, but were
not limited to, typhus, scurvy, syphilis, osteomyelitis, tuberculosis, and rickets. These people were
not getting

Taking a Look at Celtic Music
Celtic Music
When Celtic music comes to mind, nowadays, the first thing people think of is something to do with
maybe something to do with the group Riverdance, a famous Irish step dancing group, the Irish
musician, Enya. Celtic music has almost become more of the New Age music, the relaxing and
soothing comfort music that people feel the need to listen to when they relax, or just to escape from
reality, but it used to be something else before it has evolved into 'New Age Music'. It is as almost if
people have forgotten what Celtic music really was and changed it from what it originally was.
Celtic music, to most of the musicians of the past consider Celtic music to be classified as traditional
music; the traditional musicians and composers are actually offended in modern times because now
using the word 'Celtic' almost as a marketing technique, if it has a lick of something pertaining to
Ireland, throw it in the Celtic music category at the record store, and the traditionalist feel like that
the entertainment industry are basically bastardizing what they felt was more important than making
a quick buck, thus making people really forget where and how Celtic music got started. It can be
easy for people to think that Celtic music is originated in one specific country, but that is not the
case. So what exactly IS traditional Celtic music? Not to be confused with the basketball team, the
Boston Celtics, which the pronounced with the soft 'c' pronunciation, so literally

Essay On A Modest Proposal
A Modest Proposal is an audacious piece of writing aimed for more than just the country of Ireland.
Jonathan Swift develops an objective plan of suggestions that would ironically do the complete
opposite of what he wanted to achieve. His primary goal, along with many others, was to improve
the country's economy. This in turn led to an exaggerated piece in which the author recommends his
country to eat the less valuable of the bunch; hoping to decrease hunger, overpopulation, and
increase market income. Swift's plan begins with a solution to end poverty. The proposal explains
that the families with the least amount of money but have the most mouths to feed, should fatten
their youngest children and sell them to land owners or meat markets. In this scenario, Swift treats
the youngest children (starting at age one) as pieces of meat. This theory is expressed through a set
of statistics, in which Swift's argument becomes stronger. Thus, his solution would help decrease
unemployment in the country and allow those big families to inherit better income.
Furthermore, the author inclines the reader to wrap their head around a topic that is morally corrupt
through a series of ironic ideas. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fattening children and feeding them to the rich signifies the social injustice found within Ireland, the
rich are prioritized while the poor seem to be accused for their position and their lack of
compassion. Swift's ultimate argument compares cannibalism to human corruption. Eating each
other would be ruining the nation, which was a hypothetical solution used to solve the issues of
inhumanity. This proposal explains that the nation is actually consuming itself. The social and
political problems of Ireland are the primary concern within this piece of writing, although it seems
as if the author was originally only interested for economic prosperity as the normal, everyday
citizen truly only worries about

What Is The Theme Of The Poem No Second Troy
"No Second Troy" is a poem by William Butler Yeats who was one of the greatest poets of the 20th
century. The poem is written in 1912 and it is considered one of the greatest poems of the 20th
century. This literary piece is mainly about the author's love with a woman of unusual beauty but
also about the author's homeland struggling for independence. The essay is divided into two sections
with the first part of the essay providing information about crucial aspects required for an in–depth
understanding of the poem and analysis of it whereas the second part of the essay will focus on a
contemporary adaptation of the Yeats' work, specifically on the comparison to the Sinead O'Connor
song "Troy". Before analyzing "No second Troy", it is important ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
However, considering Yeats' was driven by her and she did not want to marry him, he might
question what he could have done to make her accept him and stop rejecting him, what could have
changed to spend his life with her peacefully. With all the qualities she had and despite what he felt
for her she is still women of destruction and he is devastated, burned by her. "With beauty like a
tightened bow, a kind That is not natural in an age like this, Being high and solitary and most stern"
– this certainly depicts how extraordinary Maud Gonne was for Yeats. He has such extraordinary
feelings for her that he considers she belongs to another time and nothing can be compared to her.
However, "with beauty like a tightened bow" might represent her rejection of him. Despite the fact
he is obsessed with her beauty, she is not willing to change and let him in his life. She is
untouchable and not becoming any weaker, finally refusing his

James Joyce Research Paper
Carol Bruce
Jason Chism
Comp II
22 February 2016
James Joyce
This paper examines the back ground of how James Joyce became a writer. In this paper we will
learn about his Irish Identity. It will provide a new approach for understanding the dramatic
development of Joyce's oeuvre and how he had contributed to the modernist avant–garde, which he
was one of the most influential but yet important authors. Some of his childhood travels to other
countries, money–making schemes, and the death of his mother. His struggles of growing up
without his mother between France and the Ireland there is a long history. I will touch a little on his
religion of Irish Catholicism. It rejected his attitude and sexual morality that is why he left the
Catholic church family, hating it fervently. It looks as if most of his life revolved around his story of
Dublin, Ireland. James ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
South of Dublin in a suburb called Rathgar. The son of John Stanislaus Joyce, an impoverished
gentleman, who failed in a distillery business and tried all kinds of professions, including politics
and tax collecting. Joyce's mother, Mary Jane Murray, was ten years younger than her husband. She
was an accomplished pianist, whose life was dominated by the Roman Catholic Church. The family
bloodlines that of Irish nobility.
As their diminishing wealth and income, the Joyce family was forced to move. His father's
unemployment and his drinking and spending habits, made it hard to retain their social standings.
In 1888 at the age of six, James was sent to the Clongowes Wood College, at Clane, Ireland. He later
earned marks at Clongowes Wood College and Belvedere College in Dublin (1893–1897) where he
continued. At this time he was to join the priesthood, which would have pleased his parents. But as
James met with various members of the "Irish Literary Renaissance," his interest changed. He
became critical of Ireland and it's elements, especially the

The Road To Democracy Was More Difficult For France
The road to democracy was more difficult for France than for England because they still had many
people who wanted to keep a Monarchy and keep France ruled by a king and queen or by military
rule. This made the road to Democracy more difficult for France because it stirred up conflicts
between the people in France who wanted democracy and the people in France who wanted to keep
the monarchy. The first main conflict that happened was with the creating of the Third Republic.
This was a government the French created after the Franco–Prussian war. The reason this stirred up
conflict was because during the 1880's and 1890's, the Third Republic was "threatened" by the
monarchists, clergy and aristocrats who wanted to keep the monarchy, and army leaders ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Overtime, during the 1600's and 1700's many missionaries and fur trappers and other French
colonists came to Canada and lived with the Native Americans. Some of the French who came even
intermarried with some of the Native Americans. Eventually, Britain came to power and took control
of Canada in 1763 after defeating France in the French and Indian war. After Britain took power,
many English–speaking people settled into Canada. Most of these English–speaking people who
settled were from Great Britain and some were loyalist Americans. During Britain's control of power
in Canada, Britain's parliament eventually split Canada into two new providences. The two
providences were Upper Canada and Lower Canada. Today Upper Canada is now Ontario and
Lower Canada is now Quebec. The reason for Britain's parliament splitting Canada into Upper
Canada and Lower Canada was because of conflict between two religions. The two religions were
Roman Catholic and Protestant. Both religious groups wanted to have a bigger voice in controlling
their own affairs which led to conflict between the two religions. After both religions kept
pressuring Britain to give them these powers, Britain finally gave in and split Canada into two
providences in 1791. This now became Upper Canada and Lower Canada.
The people who lived in the colony of Upper Canada were people made up of an English–speaking
majority.

The Republic Of Ireland And The United Kingdom
The Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom
An Analysis of Governments, Politics, and Society in the Region
Conall P. MacKenzie
FP230 Short Paper
LCDR Rachael Gosnell
24SEP2015
Western Europe has grown exponentially since the colonial period, and the emergence of the
Republic of Ireland and a unified United Kingdom has clearly shown that Europe's boarders are
constantly changing. Each nation has evolved in its own ways over the course of its existence, but
both show many similarities that are highly visible in governing styles, political parties, and the
societies themselves. These differences are what separate the two states from one another. Since
Ireland received independence from Great Britain in 1922, its governmental processes and political
parties have changed entirely from what they were before, thus causing a massive shift of the public
view of Ireland, and the United Kingdom from the early 20th century to present day. Now, it is
readily apparent that even though they are incredibly different countries both are successful and in
no worry of becoming a failed state. However, there are dissimilarities between the governing styles
as well as the types of party platforms in each region that have aided their successes. Ireland was not
always its own country. For a long period, it fell under the jurisdiction of Great Britain. Throughout
the early 20th century, Ireland looked to secede from Great Britain, leading to its eventual success in
the act by

Mass Starvation During the Great Irish Famine
In Ireland, the Great Irish Famine was a time period of mass starvation, disease and emigration that
was historically dated from 1845 to 1851. This tragedy left a permanent impact in history to Ireland.
I believe that the Irish should be appreciative that British North America is willing to assist them
through this rough time period because of the poor circumstances back in their home country, they
provided them a place to live a better life, and the people in British North America were accepting
and allowing the Irish to continue to practice their culture. In this period of time, citizens of Ireland
suffered in countless ways. A disease so–called Blight is a disease on crops that caused a
catastrophic effect on the Irish since the Irish significantly depended on potatoes. Potatoes provided
a non–expensive and healthy diet for many of the folks, in fact, for two–thirds of the entire
population of Ireland; potatoes were an essential to their nourishment. In the summer of 1845,
residents shortly noticed that after the potatoes were dug out; they were decayed, forming a slimy
texture and blackish color. Experts at first suggested that the cause was because of the smokes that
arose from nearby railroad trains or fumes that rose from underground volcanos. In spite of that, the
actual source of this unusual sighting was because of an airborne fungus that had travelled from
Mexico to Ireland. Blight had caused the Irish's blessed potatoes, to rot underground causing a
shortage

The Irish Easter Rebellion 1916 Essay
The 1916 Irish Easter Uprising
Ever since the occupation of Ireland by the English began in 1169, Irish patriots have fought back
against British rule, and the many Irish rebellions and civil wars had always been defeated. To quash
further rebellion, the Act of Union was imposed in 1800, tying Ireland to the United Kingdom of
England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Laws discriminating against Catholics and the handling of the
Irish Potato Famine of 1845–50 led to increased tension and the proposal of introducing Home Rule
gained support.
In 1913 there was a general strike of workers in Dublin led by James Connolly of the Irish Transport
and General Workers Union (I.T.G.W.U.). This action was followed by the 1913 Lock–Out during
which ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
...they have left us our Fenian dead, and while Ireland holds these graves, Ireland unfree shall never
be at peace.
It was a call for a blood sacrifice in order to free Ireland from British rule. In organising an uprising,
the funeral was proof that the Volunteers could organise when secretly directed by the I.R.B. and on
St. Patrick's Day (17th March), Connolly took his Citizen Army on a tour of key Dublin sites which
could be used as strategic strongholds during an uprising.
However, there were many difficulties in organising and executing such a rebellion and one thing
the rebels needed were weapons. Sir Roger Casement had organised for a shipment of as many as
200,000 rifles to be smuggled into Ireland on a "neutral" German freighter, the Aud. But when
Casement arrived in Ireland on a German submarine he was arrested immediately and the freighter
was intercepted by the Royal Navy and scuttled itself. Another attempt was made to gain large
quantities of arms and ammunition during the actual uprising from the arsenal at Phoenix Park
known as Magazine Fort. However this was not very successful and the rebels seized only a few
rifles.
Throughout the organisation of the rebellion, Eoin MacNeill, leader of the minority Volunteers had
to be kept in the dark about the I.R.B.'s plans because he believed that his Irish Volunteers should
only rise in arms if a British

Essay on Brian Friel's Translations
Brian Friel's Translations
Brian Friel's play Translations was the first production of the Field Day Theatre Company in Derry
in 1980, which Friel co–founded with Stephen Rea. It describes the beginning of the process of
Anglicization in a relatively remote Gaelic–speaking area during the 1833 Survey of Ireland, in
which the English mapped Ireland, both culturally and geographically. Years of concerted
anglicizing of the Irish by the British early in the 19th century led to the widespread fall into disuse
of the native Gaelic tongue. National schools teaching exclusively in English began to open during
the Survey of Ireland, and English culture encroached rapidly into Ireland. William Butler Yeats and
Douglas Hyde write from the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hyde's speech argues that the Irish had by that point indiscriminately adopted all that was English
with little thought as to its value, that the Irish had "[ceased] to be Irish without becoming
English."2 He criticizes those Irish who claim to hate British dominance, yet speak only English,
anglicize their Irish names, and remain ignorant of Gaelic literature. His central view is that the
Gaelic language is the most important aspect of an Irish identity distinct to that of the British, and
that only a return to Ireland's native language can halt the process of Anglicization. However, he is
careful not to make the claim that nothing English is of value, but emphasizes the necessity of not
neglecting that which is essentially Irish.
The history of Ireland is one of early scholasticism and rich culture in times when the rest of Europe
had less of a literary and artistic tradition. By the time of Hyde's speech, the nation had become "one
of the least studious and most un–literary"3 countries of the area, and he claims that the fault lies in
a divergence from "the right path."4 Progressive Anglicization has led the Irish to forget their own
culture and its traditions. The British claim that because the Irish have forgotten much of their
language and customs, they should be content as an integral part of the United Kingdom, and

Irish Literature And Rebellion Essay
Irish Literature and Rebellion
In the heart of every Irishman hides a poet, burning with nationalistic passion for his beloved
Emerald Isle. It is this same passion, which for centuries, Great Britain has attempted to snuff out of
the Catholics of Ireland with tyrannical policies and the hegemony of the Protestant religion.
Catholics were treated like second–class citizens in their native home. Centuries of oppression
churned in the hearts of the Irish and came to a boil in the writings and literature of the sons and
daughters of Ireland. The Literary Renaissance of Ireland produced some of the greatest writers the
world has seen. John O'Leary said it best, "literature must be national and nationalism must ... Show
However, he was troubled at the thought that his pen could be the cause of war. Although he was
politically active, his focus was more on the cultural and literary realms than on a violent rebellion
"At the end of his life he was still wondering if his early writing had helped to seed the rising, to
'send out / Certain men the English shot' ("The Man and the Echo, lines 11–12")" (DLB 19, 420). [I
was unable to find a copy of "The Man and the Echo" in print so I downloaded and from the internet
and have attached it.] He goes on further to question how because of his poems, he has caused the
destruction of homes and families, "Could my spoken words have checked / There whereby a house
lay wrecked?" (The Man and the Echo, line 15–16). Yeats considers himself responsible for the
death of his friends and others family. He is disappointed that his ink could be the reason for
bloodshed.
The "rising" that Yeats is talking about is the Easter Rising of 1916. On April 24, 1916, a group of
Irishmen that called themselves the Irish Republican Brotherhood led by Padraic Pearse and James
Connolly's Ctizen Army, posted the Declaration of the Republic on the door of the General Post
Office in Dublin and declared Ireland a free country. [I have also attached a copy of the Declaration
of the Republic for reference.] Unfortunately, although anticipated by the nationalist's leadership,
the British Troops quickly suppressed the rebellion and the

Brian Friel's "Translations" Essay
Brian Friel's "Translations"
'Translations' by Brian Friel can be appreciated and understood without knowledge of Irelands
social, political and linguistic history. It can be enjoyed simply as a drama that incorporates comedy,
tragedy and romance. However, with a greater understanding of Irelands history, such as the effect
the 'great famine' had on the ordinary people of Ireland the play *
In 'Translations' the people of Baile Beag show hostility towards the
English army who have been sent to anglicise the place names of the area. For hundreds of years the
English had made incursions in to
Ireland. Many rebellions followed the conquest of Ireland, after which
Queen Mary Tudor became the Queen of England and Ireland and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In 1782 the English conceded a new Irish parliament, it was independent but limited to Protestants.
A rebellion for Irish independence followed in 1782 and was defeated at Vinegar
Hill. This event is mentioned in 'translations' as Jimmy Jack and Hugh both joined the rebellion, but
returned home before the fighting. The
Act of union of Britanin and Ireland in 1800 created the united kingdom. However there was
considerable discontent amoung many Irish who preferred independence. The act of Catholic
emancipation in march
1829 allowed Catholics to vote and allowed Irish Cathoilc keader
Daniel O'Connel to take his seat in parliament.
Daniel O'Connel is meantioned in 'Translation' as the 'little Kerry politician' who was trying to
encorage more Irish people to leard
English. In the play, Maire takes great interest in this and tells
Manus that ' we should all be learining English..the sooner we all learn to speak English the better'
Daniel O'connell was an Irish agitator of the C19, and his main aim was to secure the repeal of the
act of union,and re–create an independent Irish Parliament. This
Parliament would be dominated by the Catholic majority. He didn't want
Ireland to be completely independent from England but believed an independent parliament would
make it easier to conduct the internal affairs of the country. Many people abjected to O'Connell's
views, one of which was the necessity to speak

The Fall of the Potato: Causes of the Great Famine Essay
The Fall of the Potato: Causes of the Great Famine
Phythophthora infestans was the lethal fungus that infested Ireland's potato crop and eventually
ruined all of the land it grew on. This time is called the Great Famine and has impacted Ireland due
to its destructive extinction of the potato farms which caused disease, extreme poverty, and death.
There are several circumstances to take into consideration when looking at the causes of the Great
Potato Famine in Ireland. Due to the great dependence the Irish people had on the potato, it is clear
how blight could devastate a country and its people. To understand the Irish people's dependence on
the potato for diet, income, and a way out of poverty, it is necessary to look at several key ... Show
Loss of parliament caused the Irish people to not trust England and caused a drop in nationalism.
Since England was quickly growing industrially, parliament made no attempt to improve or advance
Ireland industrially; therefore causing the people to solely depend on farming which rapidly made
Ireland a poor country.
During the pre–famine period, the Industrial Revolution was in progress, especially in England.
However, as England grew industrially strong, Ireland was lagging behind considerably. Due to lack
of natural resources and less industrial advantage, Ireland was forced to concentrate on agriculture
(O Grada 27–28). Although Ireland was an agricultural state, there were some textile mills, cotton,
and cottage industries. Yet these manufacturers were not successful due to the competition of
imports from England (O Grada 29). The only way of life that the people know and can depend is
farming. Therefore, the people of Ireland put all their focus on farming even though this source of
income was not as dependable and hard to come by because of lack of good land options caused by
inadequate parliamentary laws.
By 1841, the population of Ireland was just over 8,000,000 (Edwards & Williams 4). Before the Act
of Union, Ireland was a dedicated Catholic country, which often played into politics. As a result of
Catholic belief, the Irish had high nuptiality and very large families (O Grada 9). After the Act of
Union, Anglican England brought Protestantism

The Protection Of The United Kingdom Of Great Brittan And...
The reason many companies's including Cadbury use these laws is in order to keep their
organization running smoothly and organised, the computer misuses act 1990 doesn't allow
trespassers to use, access or alter any computer data they are not entitled in doing so. The reason
Cadbury use this is in order to keep their information safe Cadbury implement this in such as secrets
or ingredients to their products must be kept safe.
The Data protection Act 1998 (DPA) is an act of Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Brittan
and Northern Ireland. This defines UK law on the processing of data on identifiable living people.
This is the main piece of legislation that governs the protection of personal data in the UK. Even
though the act itself ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This could be something related to those people or something concerning them.
Human rights act 1998 this is implemented by making sure all their staff are treated equally and
have a safe working environment and also treat their customers fairly too if they fail to do this they
could be taken to court and receive a large fine. This is applied in Cadbury by making sure that their
manufacturing facilities match all of the legal requirements regarding health and safety in order to
avoid try and accidents as much as possible, this is also applied in their stores as the staff there also
are in need of a safe and healthy working environment and need to treat their customers with manors
and respect as they would expect back.
The privacy act 1974 was created as a response to the concerns on how the use of computerized files
might impact individual's privacy rights. The Privacy Act of 1974 created a code of fair information
practices that governs the collection, maintenance, and distribution of information about individuals
that is maintained in systems of records by federal agencies. This is implemented by Cadbury in a
way which disallows anyone in having access to individuals personal information without access.
A Whistle–blower is a person who exposes any kind of information or activity that is deemed illegal,
dishonest, or not correct within an organization that is either private or public. Cadbury backs up
their information in

Satirical Essay 'A Modest Proposal'
In many ways the "Irish Problem" which is shown in Jonathan Swifts satirical essay "A Modest
Proposal" can be represented by many different things however the way I view the Irish problem in
the United States is it being all around us and everywhere we go. The Irish Problem consisted of
many things such as poverty, overpopulation, lack of education, and racism.
To begin the comparison of the Irish problem in today's modern America is not as different as many
people would think due to the satirical essay being written in 1729. Poverty, overpopulation, lack of
education, and racism is very common in todays society, even though these are all things that affect
America negatively and would be better if these problems disappeared, sadly these problems will
not go away for a long time or even forever. The Poverty in America comes from the many different
scenarios such as not being able to find a job or getting in debt and not being able to pay it off. In
2016, 40.6 million (12.7%) lived in poverty. In "A Modest Proposal" it shows Dublin, Ireland as
being extremely poor overpopulated and filled with thieves. Many places today are like Dublin,
Ireland such as Miami ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, America does not act as drastic as the narrator did in the satirical essay. "In A Modest
Proposal " they think of solution which is completely absurd. To solve their problem of
overpopulation and poverty they deicide it would be a phenomenal idea to sell their baby to the rich
so they can eat them for their nutritional benefits. The narrator suggests that, of the 120,000 babies
estimated to be born in Ireland per year, 100,000 should be sold and eaten as a food staple. He
argues that the plump flesh of the newborns will provide the tenderest meat and that their skin will
make fine leather. However, when it comes to over population in the United States nothing is done
about it and people can continue populate as much as they

The Potato Famine Essay
"We are talking about one of the greatest tragedies
Of the nineteenth century."
–Ian Gibson
Irish–American. To some, this term merely designates one of the many ethnic groups which can be
found in the United States; but to those who are Irish–American, it represents a people who faced a
disaster of mammoth proportions and who managed to survive at great cost. The Great Hunger of
1845 changed, or more often, destroyed the lives of millions of Irish, causing them to seek refuge
from poverty and starvation in other, more prosperous countries. However, not all countries would
accept these victims of the Potato Famine. After an immense burst of Irish immigration to Great
Britain, the British Parliament began to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Those who were very wealthy probably would not have been drastically affected by the famine
whereas those who migrated the most. However, the poorer element from counties such as Clare,
Kerry, and Mayo had weak representation in the area of migration after 1846 (114).
Everything that happened in Ireland during nineteenth century has indeed been overshadowed by the
catastrophe which overtook the country between 1845 and 1851. The Irish Potato Famine of 1845–
1851 was one of the great catastrophes of the nineteenth century and divides modern Irish history. It
was a disaster which poisoned Anglo–Irish relations for many generations to come, and had
profound effects not only in Ireland itself, but in England and North America as well.
Nineteenth–century Ireland was the most densely populated country in Europe: in 1800, its
population was 4.5 million, and by 1841, it had risen to eight million (Kinealy 15). Yet much of this
population existed in condition of sorrow and misery lay in the dependence of the peasantry on just
one staple crop, the potato; in western countries like Mayo and Galway, nine–tenths of the people
ate nothing else (MacManus 602). Here was a disaster waiting to happen, made worst by the rapid
rise in population in the first half of the century which forced the peasants to subsist on smaller plots
of land (O Grada, The Great Irish Famine 63).

St Patrick's Day Research Paper
Fig 1.
St. Patrick's day is a cultural and religious event celebrated on march 17, the death date of Saint
Patrick otherwise known as Patron Saint of Ireland. St. Patrick's day was officially made a Christian
feast day in the early 17th century, the day celebrates Saint Patrick and the arrival of Christianity to
Ireland. St. Patrick's day is a public holiday in most of the world such as Canada, Great Britain,
United states, Australia, New Zealand, and Argentina. The wearing of green and shamrock is very
popular on St Patrick's day, the colour green has been associated with Ireland since the 1640's.
This tradition of wearing green has been passed on to be one

Cause for Action Essay
Cause for Action
Imagine a country where a person's belongings could be taken at any moment and then given to
someone else for no apparent reason. Likewise, that same person's culture, their way of life, would
be disregarded, and they would be forced to use a new language and adapt to a different culture.
After the culture is done away with, those who remember it die off rapidly. Even with the declining
culture, religious persecution becomes apparent along with the long political conflicts. This very
incident occurred at the end of the 19th century. It happened in Ireland to the Gaelic culture, but a
man by the name of Douglas Hyde wasn't about to let his culture disappear. Thus the Gaelic League
was created. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many Irish then tried to immigrate to America. What used to be a small amount of immigrants,
turned into a flood of Irish wanting to leave Ireland. Because of the high demand of people wanting
to leave quickly, the normal route of stopping in Liverpool turned into a straight shot to America.
Most immigrants died en route from diseases, and many died when ships frequently would sink, due
to holding more than their maximum capacity. This was one reason for a tremendous drop in the
Irish population.
By 1891, 14.5% of the Irish nation claimed to speak the language.
The Gaelic Athletic Association was a vital precursor to the formation of the Gaelic League. It was
established on November 1st, 1884. One of the Gaelic Athletic Association's goals was to construct
games promoting the Gaelic culture, and provide rules and encouragement to the people of Ireland
to participate in Irish recreation and sports. It first concerned itself with the athletics. The association
set up competitions at local parishes and other places throughout the counties. This renewed a
sensation of pride for the disturbed Irish people. Once after a hurling match in 1885, approximately
fifteen thousand people attended a meeting by the Gaelic Athletic Association in support of the
athletics which was a significant success for the association. Not long after, the first ALL–Ireland
finals were held in

The Great Ireland Potato Famine Effects Essay
The Great Ireland Potato Famine Effects
The Great Ireland Potato Famine was a horrible event that had many lasting effects. Some of these
effects were starvation, disease, poverty, emigration, and lost traits. These effects plagued mostly
western Ireland, but had an overall effect on all of Ireland. Many of the traditional ways of
economics and society changed drastically because of the famine. Many people also blamed the
British for letting the famine get so bad. These effects will be discussed throughout the paper.
Starvation was one of the main effects of the Great Potato Famine, which was "unlike other
subsistence crises" (Crawford, 114). The Irish people were very dependant on potatoes as a source
of food. "The majority of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For this reason, many people died from the diseases. The diseases plagued the crowed towns where
the famine was affecting the most, killing off thousands and thousands of people. A doctor in
Skibbereen was quoted to saying that "the people are dying– not in twos or threes– but by the
dozens; the ordinary forms of decent burial dispensed with" (Kinealy 41).
The many deaths of the Irish and how they were buried remind me of the Holocaust and how those
people were buried. The dead Irish people were buried in "famine pits" (Daly 6) where the dead
would be buried in "mass graves" (Daly 6). Many of these graves remain unmarked to this day. In
some areas, the sea washes ashore some of the bones of those who died in the famine. The Irish
people use this as a reminder of the hard times in the past.
Many of the people were left with no jobs during the famine. Their main job was farming potatoes
and their main source of income was growing potatoes. Therefore, when the blight came, they had
nothing else to turn to and were left with very little money. The fact that the landlords owned
practically everything in Ireland made it difficult for the Irish people to invest in other ways to
generate income. This left the Irish people no choice but to immigrate out to other countries in hope
for jobs.
During the rough years of the famine, many people

The United Kingdom Of England And Northern Ireland
Arguments by the UK:
The United Kingdom of England and Northern Ireland believes that Ecuador has no legal right or
basis to grant political or diplomatic asylum to Assange for various legal reasons that the Court is set
to debate.
First, the United Kingdom's involvement in the topic comes from their obligation to extradite Julian
Assange to Sweden under Article 35, Clause 3 of the Extradition Act of 2003. Since Sweden has
filed for an EAW that has been approved by the UK, the UK is under a formal legal obligation to
extradite Assange to Sweden. An EAW is a legal document that obligates European members to
surrender persons who have committed or are suspected of committing crimes in EU territories.15
The United Kingdom counter–argues Ecuador's claim that Assange is a political refugee who has
been granted political asylum on the grounds that he is escaping persecution due to his political
beliefs. They see no relevance of Assange's political actions or views to this case as the primary
purpose of his extradition is due to allegations of sexual assault that have supposedly occurred in
Sweden. Due to sexual assault being a crime that has no known relation to his political views, the
UK claims that Assange does not fit the criteria listed within Article 1 of the United Nations
Convention and Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees. Therefore, Assange's status as a
political refugee is unfounded in the opinion of the UK.
On the topic of his potential extradition to the

Ireland Starves and Lives to Tell: The Effects of the...
Ireland Starves and Lives to Tell: The Effects of the Great Potato Famine
"It must be understood that we cannot feed the people" (Kinealy Calamity 75). The mid 1800s in
Ireland were characterized by extreme poverty, death, and emigration. The Great Potato Famine,
also known as "The Great Hunger," first hit in 1845; however, its effects lasted into the 1850s and
can still be seen today. Prior to the famine, Irish manufacture and trade was controlled and
suppressed by British government, which made Ireland an extremely poor country. Farmers in
Ireland were forced to export crops such as corn, wheat, and oats to Britain, which left the potato as
the main dietary staple for the people, especially the poor. Therefore, when ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
However, in 1847, a new rule called the "Quarter Acre Clause" was passed under the poor law
which stated that "only people who occupied less than a quarter acre of land were now eligible for
relief" (Kinealy "Politics" 3). In order to receive assistance and feed their families, people
surrendered their land and were rendered homeless.
The total number of those who lost their homes due to poverty in Ireland during the famine did not
even compare to the amount of lives lost in those dreadful years. Deaths due to malnutrition and
disease were immense. The exact total of deaths is still unknown to this day (Kinealy 167). "The
number [ . . . ] has been calculated as lying between half a million and one and a half million"
(Kinealy 168).
People died from a variety of causes, relatively few from actual starvation. Most were felled by
relapsing fever, typhus, dysentery, and cholera–their vulnerability to these diseases exacerbated by
hunger, inadequate shelter, overcrowding in workhouses, and hard labor on relief schemes (Kinealy
"Politics" 2).
Over the years of the famine there was a large decrease in fertility and marriage along with
extensive emigration, which caused a decline in the Irish population for many years to come. "A
reduction in income leads young adults to postpone or forgo marriage entirely,

The Irish Potato Famine : Causes And Pos In Ireland
Beginning in 1532 the Spanish conquistadors came across the potato in search of gold. "At the time
the Spaniards failed to realize that the potato represented a far more important treasure than either
silver or gold, but they did gradually begin to use potatoes as basic rations aboard their ship"
(Chapman). From then on, the expansion of potatoes grew, slowing spreading to other European
countries such as Spain, Italy and Ireland. Especially in Ireland, often potato has been the only food
and many Irish survived on those and milk alone. "What the eight million people who lived in
Ireland at the time did not realize was that the potato crops would fail for the next four years and
that the disaster would lead to the deaths and the emigration of millions of its people to strange,
foreign and distant lands" ("The Great Famine"). From 1845 to 1849, the Irish potato famine
affected many people and crops, creating the greatest disaster in Irish history. With the introduction
of the potato, the people of Ireland were doing well as far as survival. Potatoes were very easy to
grow and the yield was very good. A farmer could grow triple the amount of potatoes compared to
grain on the same area of land. With potatoes being a good source of nutrition, about half of
Ireland's population easily survived primarily on potatoes. They were critical to the development of
the peasant farmers, supporting a cheap workforce, but at the price of lower income workers. Then
when the blight hit in

Significance Of The Bruce Invasion
The Bruce Invasion, initiated by Robert Bruce, king of Scotland, and enacted on by his brother
Edward Bruce, was a way for Scotland to secure resources and troops from Ireland. At the time,
Ireland was giving resources over to England. Meanwhile, England and Scotland were at war with
one another. Ireland was just a proxy for these two other sides to gain something, whether it be
resources, political ally ship, or troops to fight off the other force's army. The Bruce invasion of
Ireland was less about the Irish people and more about how The English and Scottish could secure
troops and resources. This invasion was more about how ether side could keep or gain power, but at
the consequence of Ireland and the people living there. There are many reasons as to why the Bruce
Invasion happened. But as for how it happened, wee ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Now as for why is happened, Bruce took political advantage of what was going on at the time. One
of the events at the time was a consciousness of a Gaelic identity in Scotland, Ireland and Wales that
Bruce was taking advantage of (MacNamee). "It was inevitable, too, that the Gaelic revival gained
momentum, the settlers should come over the influence of the culture of Gaelic Ireland" (269
Lydon), not only are those in Ireland aware of this Gaelic identity, Bruce's reasoning for demanding
Irish troops was to unite them all under a united Gaelic identity and fight against England in order to
stop them from acclimating more resources. Resources where a major issue during the invasion. At
the time there was a significantly bad famine that was affecting the resources, but Ireland still had ti
ship what little they had to England anyway. "It was not the local Irish needs, however, that
immediately prompted this attempt to increase revenues but rather the need of Edward II to meet the
demands of the renewed war in Scotland" (Lydon 276). Here we see the lack of

Booming Agriculture: Mesopotamia, Gold Rush, and Potato Plant
The historical land of Mesopotamia significantly contributed to early civilization in relation to its
close proximity to the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and rich fertile land it provided. The rivers offered
the people of Mesopotamia fertile soil, irrigation water for crops and fishing, and also supplied an
abundance of wild barley and wheat for food or could stored as a food supply. The first settlers of
Mesopotamia learned to cultivate and harvest crops, which would provide a bountiful supply for
food. This enabled the people to settle and create villages, which eventually led to larger
communities and cities. People no longer had to move throughout the land hunting animals in order
to feed but instead could live off the land and in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Though many centuries have past and the people of Mesopotamia are long gone, the civilized world
continues to build from the adaptation of their systematical way of life. B. The Potato plant can be
traced back many centuries and is thought to have originated in South Americas. The Incas in Peru
were the first known to farm the potato. The Incas had learned to preserve the potato for storage by
dehydrating and mashing potatoes into a substance called chuñu. Chuñu could be stored in a room
for up to 10 years, providing excellent insurance against possible crop failures. (Chapman, n.d.). The
popularity of this plant may be related to its relatively low maintenance in planted and growing. It
also provides a good source of nutrition. The seeds or tubers of the potato plant are easily planted
and or can be stored for use at another time. This provided farmers the ease or regrowth when
potatoes supplies would begin to diminish. There are thousands of varieties of potatoes, which today
can be found all across the world. In the 16th century, the Spanish Conquistadors brought the Potato
back with them to Spain after their voyage to South America. In Spain it grew slowly in popularity
and it was not long before the Potato made its way across Europe. Europeans also gradually gained
acceptance of the Potato plant, as it was a good source of food and growing the plant was relatively
low maintenance. As Potatoes spread across Europe, they eventually made their way

The Similarities Between Ireland And The United States
The difference of the prevalence of alcohol rates in–between Ireland, the United States and the
Netherlands are different in various ways. Ireland has the highest rate of cases for alcoholism. In
Ireland, which has a 54% rate of cases for alcohol abuse, you can buy alcohol anytime of the day.
The United States have an alcohol rate of 33% and the Netherlands has a rate of 24%. A person
cannot buy alcohol in the later evening hours of the United States or in the Netherlands. In Ireland,
alcohol is available more now than it ever was before. A person can buy alcohol day or night. Since
the smoking ban took effect in 2004, more and more people have been drinking at home. People can
afford to buy more alcohol from a store then at a bar because it is cheaper. And the more alcohol a
person buys the more at risk they are to consume larger amounts. Which in turn, the rates for
alcoholism go up. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Studies have shown that alcoholism is most common in Caucasians, people with some college
education, and people with an annual income of 75k or more. Among the United States full time
students aged 18–22, 58.4% reported drinking alcohol. An estimated 12.7% of college students
admitted to heavy drinking and 39% of college students reported binge drinking in the past month.
These percentages are much high in the same age group that do not go to college. Which says that
non–college students are more likely to have problems with alcoholism then college students in the
United States. In the Netherlands in the 1975–1992 the alcohol consumed per liter rose to the
highest rates from 1975 to 1992 total per capita 15+ 11.53–10.03 liter consumed. It has been
declining since then. The most consumed alcoholic drink in the Netherlands is beer, which is over
half of alcohol consumed. Then after is wine with 36% and spirits are third with

Satire of a Modest Proposal Essay
Irony is a beautiful technique exercised to convey a message or call a certain group of people to
action. This rhetorical skill is artfully used by Jonathan Swift in his pamphlet "A Modest Proposal."
The main argument for this mordantly ironic essay is to capture the attention of a disconnected and
indifferent audience. Swift makes his point by stringing together a dreadfully twisted set of morally
untenable positions in order to cast blame and aspersions on his intended audience. Jonathan Swift's
"A Modest Proposal" employs despicably vivid satire to call for change in a world of abuse and
misfortune. The entire proposal stands as a satire in itself; an analogy paralleling the tyrannical
attitude of the British toward their Irish ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The British have reigned over the Irish so long and so cruelly that they have left Ireland in "state of
dependence" psychologically, politically, and economically. In other words, the "ideology of
Protestant consumption" has "actually eroded" the self–confidence and sense of worth of the Irish so
badly that it has left Ireland a nation unable to sustain itself (Mahoney). England is eating up
Ireland. But this tribulation cannot be blamed solely on the British. Swift cleverly condemns the
British aristocracy for their mistreatment of the Irish people while also criticizing the Irish people
for allowing this exploitation. The Irish have done nothing to halt the terrorizing nature of their
domineering counterparts. Swift uses this proposal to "the wretched Irish situation" (Lockwood). By
"rigorously underplaying the aspect of fantasy in his proposal," Swift suggests the Irish have arrived
at a condition in which such a plan may be seriously considered (Lockwood). Booth describes that
every detail of Swift's proposal "supports the inference that the woes of Ireland make, indeed, a
'melancholy Object.'" In essence, the "anger against the English is used merely to heighten" Swift's
own dismay over the way Ireland has conducted itself (Booth). Swift craftily causes readers to
question more than just how to fix the problems in fraught Ireland. Through the supreme verbal
irony of his

Interview With Mary Robinson Is The Former President Of...
Mai Hamad
WGST 205
Final paper
May 12th 2017
Interview with Mary Robinson Mary Robinson is the former president of Ireland and the United
Nations Human Rights Commissioner. In a recent interview with Rachel Martin of npr.org, titled
How Human Rights Efforts and The Fight Against Climate Change Are Related, Mary Robinson
discusses how the global climate and the way that we treat each other has changed from an
environment of global cooperation to a much more hostile and less cooperative environment. This
can be attributed to globalization which is when society is being internationally influenced, and
businesses within the society are operating on an international scale. Mary Robinson uses the
various components of globalization to describe ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Instead the government only choses to listen if its going to benefit the optics of the government in
some way. An example of this is many people in the "rust belt" of America feel as if migrants are
taking their jobs, this causes a sense of abandonment from the government in this area and also
affects political participation. Globalization causes inequality because countries that have a lower
GDP or are less developed often get forgotten unless they are need for resources.
Next Mary Robinson discusses how militarization and escalating political military conflict
contributes to a negative nationalist identity. In United States society we see an increase in hate
speeches, a use of hate and fear as a form of intimidation, and we have a higher hate for one another
based on cultural differences. This is due to our current political climate as well as current
international relations. As the younger generations become more aware of the injustices occurring
across the United States and across the world, their distrust in the government and political
organizations increases. It is now easier to identify when a country preaches democracy and
equality, but is responsible for inequality within it's own country, and even injustices in other
countries. For example, Mary Robinson states that the United States' involvement in Iraq and now
Syria has caused a growing

St. Patrick Leadership Traits
Sometime during 387 AD in Great Britain and the United Kingdom St. Patrick was born. One thing
he was known for, was how he was captured at the age of sixteen by Irish pirates. While he was
captured he became devoted to Christianity through prayer. Another reason he was known was how
he spread Christianity throughout Ireland. Lastly, he is known for the legacy he has left behind in
Ireland. St. Patrick is a leader and shows many great characteristics. (www.wesleyjohnston)
One reason St. Patrick is known is his journey of finding god. In the early fourteen hundreds he was
kidnapped by Irish pirates and he had to work as a slave for six years tending sheep. St. Patrick
confessed that he discovered god during his captivity. He prayed a hundred times a day that he
would escape and that life would be better. Patrick had a vision of children reaching out their hands
to him grew determined to convert the Irish to Christianity. After six years Patrick escaped and
traveled two hundred miles cross country to start his missionary work. After Patrick found god he
now had plans to turn Ireland to nothing but Christianity. (biography.com) ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Patrick had a successful time spreading Christianity throughout Ireland. His first step in starting to
spread Christianity was becoming a priest. A couple months later he returned to Ireland because he
kept having visions. Patrick's visions showed how we supposed to become a Christian missionary to
spread Christianity to the people of Ireland. Patrick's first church was Saul, he preached to the kings
and their households and met with varied levels of success. He had a method that was to
'Christianize' the Celtic Pagan festivals. Patrick lit an Easter bonfire on these hills where he also
preached the word. One famous thing is known for while at the lighting of the Easter bonfire is
having the three leaf clover to explain the concept of trinity.

The Media Of The Oil Spill Of 2010 From China, The United...
Modern culture thrives on news media as our primary source of information, but this creates an
information overload from all of the various perspectives in coverage. Media coverage is essential is
our development and understanding of international affairs. Therefore, the biases in coverage can
have drastic effects in our interpretation of world's news. Countries tend to present their news in a
way that favors them and their governmental responses, but coverage of other nations can be telling
of their relations. The use of word choice, tone, and even selective use of quotes can have drastic
effects on people's perceptions of the information from the media. This can be observed in the media
analysis of the Xingang Port oil spill of 2010 through news sources from China, the United States,
and Ireland. While some nuances of American news media still portray competition between the
United States and China, the portrayal of the oil spill proves that both countries are working toward
improving relations with each other.
The relationship between China and United States previous to the spill was pretty stable in regards
to oil and energy. But the United States was feeling increasingly frustrated with the Chinese trade
policy as they refused to revalue the Yuan. In 2010, China was both the second largest consumer and
the second largest importer of crude oil behind the United States (Hays). China had begun collecting
oil for its national oil reserve in 2004 and most of this oil is

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