This document discusses bioremediation, which uses microorganisms to degrade environmental pollutants. It defines bioremediation and describes how it works to break down hazardous substances. There are three main types of bioremediation: biostimulation adds nutrients to stimulate microbial growth; bioaugmentation adds microbes to degrade specific contaminants; and intrinsic bioremediation relies on natural attenuation. Methods of bioremediation include in-situ and ex-situ approaches. In-situ techniques like bioventing treat pollution on-site, while ex-situ methods involve removing material to above-ground bioreactors for treatment. Bioremediation has applications in controlling water, soil and air

1. By,
ANKUR SHARMA
M.Sc Biotechnology (SEM. III)
C.C.S UNIVERSITY, MEERUT

2. Objectives
• What is Bioremediation
• History
• How it Works.
• Essential factors for microbial Bioremediation
• Types of Bioremediation
• Methods of Bioremediation
• Phytoremediation
• Microbes and Plants used in Bioremediation
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Bioremediation
• Application of Bioremediation

3. What is Bioremediation?
“Remediate” means to solve a problem and
“Bioremediate” means to use biological organisms to
solve an environmental problem such as
contaminated soil or ground water.
Bioremediation is a waste management technique
that involves the use of organisms to remove
pollutants from the contaminated site.
(Environmental Protection Agency)
According to the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) Bioremediation is a “treatment that uses
naturally occuring organisms to break down
hazardous substances into less toxic or non-toxic
substances.”
Microorganisms used to perform the function of
bioremediation are known as bioremediators.

5. How it Works

8. Types of Bioremediation
• Biostimulation
• Bioaugmentation
• Intrinsic Bioremediation

9. Biostimulation:-
This is the method in which bacteria are
motivated to start the process of bioremediation.
In this method, first the experts release nutrients
and other important substances in the soil where
there is need or removing the contaminants.
These are in the form of gas or liquid. It increases
the growth of microbes in that area.
As a result bacteria and other microorganisms
remove the contaminants quickly and efficiently.

10. Bioaugmentation:-
Microorganisms that can clean up a particular
contaminant are added to the contaminated soil
and water.
This is more common and successful.
Ex:- Municipal waste management
Water treatment

11. Intrinsic Bioremediation:-
This process takes place in soil and water.
This process is also called as Natural Attenuation,
also means use of the microorganisms to remove
the harmful substances from soil and water.
Especially those sites are treated with method,
which are underground.
Ex:- Underground Petroleum Tanks.

12. Methods of Bioremediation
In-situ:- The treatment of contaminated soil or
water in the site in which it was found.
It can be implemented through:-
1. Bioventing:- Process of pumping O2 into the soil
anywhere above the water table in the form of
air.
2. Injection of Hydrogen Peroxide:- This process
increases the speed of productivity of
microorganism by distributing hydrogen peroxide
throughout contaminated soil.

13. Ex-Situ Bioremediation:- It is the treatment of
contaminated soil or water once it has been
excavated or pumped out of the location at which it
was found.
It can occur in two ways:-
1. Slurry Phase Bioremediation:-
Contaminated soil mixed with water and other
reagents in a large tank known as a bioreactor.
Mixed in order to keep microorganisms in contact
with the toxins present in the soil.
O2 and nutrients are added
Breakdown of contaminants by microorganism

14. 2. Solid-Phase Bioremediation:- It is a
process that treats the contaminated soil
in an above ground treatment centre.
Ex:- Landforming, Composting, etc.

16. Some Microbes and Plants Used in Bioremediation
Microbes Plants
1. Pseudomonas putid. 1. Indian mustard (Brassica juncea)
2. Dechloromonas aromatica 2. Poplar tree (Populus dettoides)
3. Deinococcus radiodurans 3. Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus)
4. Indian grass (Sorghastrun nutans)

18. Control Water/
Marine Pollution
Combat Soil
Toxicity
Reduce Air
Pollution
Application of
Bioremediation