Running Heading: Rough draft qualitative research critique and ethical consideration Rough Draft Quantitive Research Critique and Ethical Consideration Monica Castelao Grand Canyon University January 13, 2018 Introduction The purpose of reviewing an article on this below referenced topic was to examine the evidence regarding our PICO question of Is placing a healthy term newborn skin to skin immediately following birth versus in a radiant warmer more beneficial in stabilization and promotion wellbeing of a newborn? The power of first impression is well known. The events that immediately follow birth sets the stage for the subconscious thought process and behavior that will be present for a lifetime. What is the first moments after birth like? The placenta has provided protection, warmth, nutrients and oxygen as well as a continuous close bond with the mother. Therefore, skin to skin is what a newborn is familiar with. Everywhere we look at humans, mammals and nature all show us how mother and child bond- skin to skin. Methods Skin-to-skin care is simply placing infants in direct contact with their mothers or other caregivers with the ventral skin of the newborn facing and touching the skin of the mother. The newborn is naked or dressed only in a diaper to maximize the contact between mother and the newborn. The newborn is covered with prewarmed blankets, leaving the newborn’s head exposed. Skin to skin is recommended for all mothers and newborns, regardless of feeding or delivery method, immediately after birth, providing the mother is medically stable, awake, and able to respond to her newborn and to continue for at least 1 hour after birth. Results Most of the articles I have read support skin to skin contact directly following the delivery of healthy term newborn. Some of the benefits that are mentioned on these articles are as follows: Smooth transition to extra- uterine life Newborn -Mother bonding Thermo-stabilization Oxytocin stimulation Pain reduction Breastfeeding initiation Promotion of antibodies Discussion Skin to skin contact following birth on premature infants has been proven to be beneficial in the stabilization of vital signs. Although more studies need to be done on healthy terms newborns acknowledging what it has done for the premature newborns can only indicate to be positive on healthy newborns. Evidence from studies also supports that healthy term newborn that go directly to the radiant warmer have been seen with the following complications such as: · Newborn Pulmonary distress · Newborn hypoglycemia · Maternal hemorrhage · Maternal pain challenges Conclusion The mother child bond has been considered a sacred bond since gestation. Based on the research and the studies that I have found in this topic. I have concluded that skin to skin on a healthy full-term baby is proven to be the best for the mother and the newborn for many reasons already mentioned on the precious subheadin.

1. Running Heading: Rough draft qualitative research critique and
ethical consideration
Rough Draft Quantitive Research Critique and Ethical
Consideration
Monica Castelao
Grand Canyon University
January 13, 2018
Introduction
The purpose of reviewing an article on this below referenced

2. topic was to examine the evidence regarding our PICO question
of Is placing a healthy term newborn skin to skin immediately
following birth versus in a radiant warmer more beneficial in
stabilization and promotion wellbeing of a newborn? The power
of first impression is well known. The events that immediately
follow birth sets the stage for the subconscious thought process
and behavior that will be present for a lifetime. What is the first
moments after birth like? The placenta has provided protection,
warmth, nutrients and oxygen as well as a continuous close
bond with the mother. Therefore, skin to skin is what a newborn
is familiar with. Everywhere we look at humans, mammals and
nature all show us how mother and child bond- skin to skin.
Methods
Skin-to-skin care is simply placing infants in direct contact with
their mothers or other caregivers with the ventral skin of the
newborn facing and touching the skin of the mother. The
newborn is naked or dressed only in a diaper to maximize the
contact between mother and the newborn. The newborn is
covered with prewarmed blankets, leaving the newborn’s head
exposed. Skin to skin is recommended for all mothers and
newborns, regardless of feeding or delivery method,
immediately after birth, providing the mother is medically
stable, awake, and able to respond to her newborn and to
continue for at least 1 hour after birth.
Results
Most of the articles I have read support skin to skin contact
directly following the delivery of healthy term newborn. Some
of the benefits that are mentioned on these articles are as
follows:
Smooth transition to extra- uterine life
Newborn -Mother bonding

3. Thermo-stabilization
Oxytocin stimulation
Pain reduction
Breastfeeding initiation
Promotion of antibodies
Discussion
Skin to skin contact following birth on premature infants has
been proven to be beneficial in the stabilization of vital signs.
Although more studies need to be done on healthy terms
newborns acknowledging what it has done for the premature
newborns can only indicate to be positive on healthy newborns.
Evidence from studies also supports that healthy term newborn
that go directly to the radiant warmer have been seen with the
following complications such as:
· Newborn Pulmonary distress
· Newborn hypoglycemia
· Maternal hemorrhage
· Maternal pain challenges
Conclusion
The mother child bond has been considered a sacred bond since
gestation. Based on the research and the studies that I have
found in this topic. I have concluded that skin to skin on a
healthy full-term baby is proven to be the best for the mother
and the newborn for many reasons already mentioned on the
precious subheadings of this essay. However, I have noticed
from my research and my past experiences that the nursing staff
has hindered on implementing this topic. What exactly are the
reasons well that can vary but is not limited to staff shortages
and lack of education. Although, education should not be an
issue or any additional cost to the facility since skin to skin is a
technique already used on premature newborns for many other
issue.
Recommendation
It would be recommended that mothers be educated on the topic
and briefed on the many benefits incorporating skin to skin on

4. healthy newborns can provide. Such information should include
the benefits of an easier transition for newborn to extra-uterine
life, breastfeeding, thermo-stabilization, and maternal pain
reduction. Furthermore, as any other new implementation
structure and policies must be put in place an order to carry
through as a standard for all newborn babies and not limit only
to the premature and distressed.
References
Moore ER, et., al. Early skin to skin contact for mothers and
their healthy newborn infants. Cochrane Database of Systemic
Reviews 2016, Issue 11.
Art.No.:CD003519.DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD003519 Pub4.
Svivastava S. Gupta A.,Bhathagan A., Dutta S. Effect of very
early skin to skin contact on success at breastfeeding and
preventing early hypothermia in neonates. Indian Journal of
PublicHealth 2014;58 (1):22-6
Chamberlin D. Windows to the womb revealing the conscious
baby from conception to birth. Berkley. CA: North Atlanta
books. 2013.
Fleming, P.J., Unexpected collapse of apparently healthy
newborn infants: the benefits and potential risks of skin to skin
contact. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 97-2012 DO:
10.1624/105812407X217147

5. 3
ISE 510 Security Risk Analysis & Plan
Week 8 HW
Developing a Risk Remediation Plan
30 points
<Last Name, First Name>
Due <DATE>
Submitted on <DATE>
If late let me know why:
=====================================
Delete these instructions in blue font before submission:
Change file name to HW#8_LAST_FIRST
A few comments up front:
- The Jones and Bartlett Learning, TOPIC 4, is a valuable
source of information.
- I encourage you to read through the HW problems below and
if you have questions *about* the problem, please ask either
through the Classroom or via email.

6. - If you are rusty on security fundamentals then now is a good
time to brush up! Let me know and I can point you to refresher
resources
1) The table below has a list of Risks Threats and
Vulnerabilities. The primary Domain is provided. You are to
place the Impact Factor based on the definitions below, and then
place a likelihood factor (Low, Medium, High) based on your
experience, research or insight.
1 = Critical: A risk, threat or vulnerability that impacts
compliance (privacy laws requirements for securing privacy
data and implementing proper security controls) and places the
organization at increased liability
2 = Major: A risk, threat or vulnerability that impacts
confidentiality, integrity or availability of the organization’s
intellectual property assets and IT infrastructure
3 = Minor: A risk, threat or vulnerability that impacts user or
employee productivity or availability of the IT infrastructure.
The first one is done as an example.
Rule 1: If there is a Risk Threat or Vulnerability and it has not
been exploited yet, it can only have an Impact of 2 or 3.
Rule 2: There are no more than ten 1’s
#
Risks Threats and Vulnerabilities
Domain (primary)
Impact Factor
Likelihood Factor
EX
Technician (user) uses P2P file sharing on company owned PC
#1 - USER domain

7. 2 (might be 1 if it was exploited)
high
1
Unauthorized access from Internet to corporate servers and
applications
#7 - Remote Access Domain
2
User destroys data in application and deletes all files she has
access too.
#6 Application domain
3
Hacker penetrates your IT infrastructure and gains access to
your internal network because default password is left on router
#4 LAN-to-WAN domain
4
Two employee’s relationship goes sour
#1 - USER domain
5
Fire destroys data center
#6 Application domain
6
Workstation OS has known vulnerabilities
#2 Workstation domain
7

8. Internet Service provider has 2% loss of service which is below
the SLA.
#5 WAN Domain
8
Hacker penetrates IT system by a phishing attach
#1 - USER domain
9
LAN switch has default username and password
#3 - LAN Domain
10
Denial of service attack on email server
#5 WAN Domain
11
User turns off screensaver on PC
#1 User domain
12
Corporate Data server has no backups
#6 Application domain
13
VPN tunneling between remote computer and ingress/egress
router
#4 LAN-to-WAN domain

9. 14
Internet Service Provider has major outage; no employees can
access Internet
#5 WAN domain
15
Web browser vulnerabilities exist on client machines
#2 Workstation domain
16
A general-purpose sniffer is found on organization-controlled
client PCs
#2 Workstation domain
17
System admin has found DNS cache poisoning attack
#5 WAN Domain
18
The Telecommunications closet where the switches and routers
reside is unlocked and open because the AC is broken.
#3 - LAN Domain
19
Attacker tries brute force attack against Corporate Portal
#7 - Remote Access Domain
20
DDoS attack from the WAN/Internet
#5 WAN Domain

10. 21
WLAN access points are needed for LAN connectivity within
warehouse
#3 - LAN Domain
22
WLAN access points need to be protected from eavesdropping
#3 - LAN Domain
23
Weak ingress/egress traffic filtering degrades performance
#4 LAN-to-WAN domain
2) Frequency Table
Looking at your table above, count the number of “High-1” and
place the number in cell High-1; then High-2, High-3, Med-1
etc. repeat for all cells. The total of all the cells will be 23.
Impact
1
2

11. 3
Low
Medium
High
Probability
What can you observe about the distribution? Is this company in
trouble or are they close to being secure?
3) Remediation plan
For the top 3 most critical risks, threats, or vulnerabilities, give
a primary and an alternate remediation course of action. The
primary course of action is what you recommend to
Management, the alternative is usually not as effective but
cheaper. Be sure to consider cost in your recommendation to
Management. Use references on each.
3-1. State the risk, threat, or vulnerability here
Primary:
Alternate:
3-2. State the risk, threat, or vulnerability here
Primary:
Alternate:
3-3. State the risk, threat, or vulnerability here
Primary:

12. Alternate:
4) General Questions regarding Risk-Mitigation:
a) What risk-mitigation solutions do you recommend for the
problem of: User inserts CDs and USB hard drives with
personal photos, music, and videos on organization-owned
computers?
b) Why is Continuity of Operations an important risk-mitigation
requirement?
c) Why is the Remote Access Domain the most risk-prone of all
in a typical IT infrastructure?
d) When considering the implementation of software updates,
software patches, and software fixes, why must you test the
upgrade or software patch before you implement it?
Appendix
- Seven major areas of risk in IT infrastructure
From: Jones and Bartlett Learning, TOPIC 1.
Q: What are the major areas of risk in IT infrastructure? See
Image below.
A: The seven domains of the typical IT infrastructure are the
major areas of risk.
1. USER: The user domain risk areas include user names,
passwords, biometric or other authentication, and social
engineering.
2. WORKSTATION: In the workstation domain, the risk areas
include end user systems, laptops, desktops, and cells phones.
The “desktop domain” where most users enter the IT

13. infrastructure
3. LAN: In the local area network (LAN) domain, the risk areas
include the equipment required to create an internal LAN, such
as hubs, switches, and media. Small network organized by
function or department, allowing access to all resources on the
LANs.
4. LAN-to-WAN: The risk areas in the LAN-to-wide area
network (WAN) domain include the transition area between the
LAN and the WAN, including the router and the firewall. The
point at which the IT infrastructure joins a WAN and the
Internet
5. WAN: The WAN domain risk areas include the routers and
circuits connecting the WAN. The point at which the WAN
connects to other WANs via the Internet
6. APPLICATION: In the system, or application, domain, the
risk areas include the applications you run on your network,
such as e-mail, database, and Web applications. Holds all of the
mission-critical systems, applications, and data
7. REMOTE ACCESS: The risk areas in the remote access
domain include applications, such as a virtual private network
(VPN) to guide remote or travelling users. Connects remote
employees and partners to the IT infrastructure
Seven major areas of risk in IT infrastructure

14. Research Critique Guidelines
To write a critical appraisal that demonstrates comprehension of
the research study conducted, address each component below
for qualitative study in the Topic 2 assignment and the
quantitative study in the Topic 3 assignment.
Successful completion of this assignment requires that you
provide a rationale, include examples, or reference content from
the study in your responses.
Qualitative Study
Background of Study:
· Identify the clinical problem and research problem that led to
the study. What was not known about the clinical problem that,
if understood, could be used to improve health care delivery or
patient outcomes? This gap in knowledge is the research
problem.
· How did the author establish the significance of the study? In
other words, why should the reader care about this study? Look
for statements about human suffering, costs of treatment, or the
number of people affected by the clinical problem.
· Identify the purpose of the study. An author may clearly state
the purpose of the study or may describe the purpose as the
study goals, objectives, or aims.
· List research questions that the study was designed to answer.
If the author does not explicitly provide the questions, attempt
to infer the questions from the answers.
· Were the purpose and research questions related to the
problem?
Method of Study:
· Were qualitative methods appropriate to answer the research
questions?
· Did the author identify a specific perspective from which the
study was developed? If so, what was it?
· Did the author cite quantitative and qualitative studies
relevant to the focus of the study? What other types of literature
did the author include?

15. · Are the references current? For qualitative studies, the author
may have included studies older than the 5-year limit typically
used for quantitative studies. Findings of older qualitative
studies may be relevant to a qualitative study.
· Did the author evaluate or indicate the weaknesses of the
available studies?
· Did the literature review include adequate information to build
a logical argument?
· When a researcher uses the grounded theory method of
qualitative inquiry, the researcher may develop a framework or
diagram as part of the findings of the study. Was a framework
developed from the study findings?
Results of Study
· What were the study findings?
· What are the implications to nursing?
· Explain how the findings contribute to nursing
knowledge/science. Would this impact practice, education,
administration, or all areas of nursing?
Ethical Considerations
· Was the study approved by an Institutional Review Board?
· Was patient privacy protected?
· Were there ethical considerations regarding the treatment or
lack of?
Conclusion
· Emphasize the importance and congruity of the thesis
statement.
· Provide a logical wrap-up to bring the appraisal to completion
and to leave a lasting impression and take-away points useful in
nursing practice.
· Incorporate a critical appraisal and a brief analysis of the
utility and applicability of the findings to nursing practice.
· Integrate a summary of the knowledge learned.

16. Quantitative Study
Background of Study:
· Identify the clinical problem and research problem that led to
the study. What was not known about the clinical problem that,
if understood, could be used to improve health care delivery or
patient outcomes? This gap in knowledge is the research
problem.
· How did the author establish the significance of the study? In
other words, why should the reader care about this study? Look
for statements about human suffering, costs of treatment, or the
number of people affected by the clinical problem.
· Identify the purpose of the study. An author may clearly state
the purpose of the study or may describe the purpose as the
study goals, objectives, or aims.
· List research questions that the study was designed to answer.
If the author does not explicitly provide the questions, attempt
to infer the questions from the answers.
· Were the purpose and research questions related to the
problem?
Methods of Study
· Identify the benefits and risks of participation addressed by
the authors. Were there benefits or risks the authors do not
identify?
· Was informed consent obtained from the subjects or
participants?
· Did it seem that the subjects participated voluntarily in the
study?
· Was institutional review board approval obtained from the
agency in which the study was conducted?
· Are the major variables (independent and dependent variables)
identified and defined? What were these variables?
· How were data collected in this study?
· What rationale did the author provide for using this data
collection method?
· Identify the time period for data collection of the study.
· Describe the sequence of data collection events for a

17. participant.
· Describe the data management and analysis methods used in
the study.
· Did the author discuss how the rigor of the process was
assured? For example, does the author describe maintaining a
paper trail of critical decisions that were made during the
analysis of the data? Was statistical software used to ensure
accuracy of the analysis?
· What measures were used to minimize the effects of researcher
bias (their experiences and perspectives)? For example, did two
researchers independently analyze the data and compare their
analyses?
Results of Study
· What is the researcher's interpretation of findings?
· Are the findings valid or an accurate reflection of reality? Do
you have confidence in the findings?
· What limitations of the study were identified by researchers?
· Was there a coherent logic to the presentation of findings?
· What implications do the findings have for nursing practice?
For example, can the findings of the study be applied to general
nursing practice, to a specific population, or to a specific area
of nursing?
· What suggestions are made for further studies?
Ethical Considerations
· Was the study approved by an Institutional Review Board?
· Was patient privacy protected?
· Were there ethical considerations regarding the treatment or
lack of?
Conclusion
· Emphasize the importance and congruity of the thesis
statement.
· Provide a logical wrap-up to bring the appraisal to completion
and to leave a lasting impression and take-away points useful in
nursing practice.
· Incorporate a critical appraisal and a brief analysis of the
utility and applicability of the findings to nursing practice.

18. · Integrate a summary of the knowledge learned.
Reference
Burns, N., & Grove, S. (2011). Understanding nursing research
(5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.
© 2016. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.
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