John Williams' Journey In The Napa Valley Wine Industry

John Williams In The Wine Industry
In the wine industry, it is said that, "In order to make a small fortune you need to start out with a
large one" (C–392). When Mr. John Williams rolled into the Napa Valley, he had never heard of this
before, but began to understand when his loans accumulated to $22 million over the last 27 years.
Before he began his business known as Frog's Leap Winery in Rutherford, California, Mr. Williams
returned to Napa Valley straight after college breaking into the wine industry by becoming head
winemaker at Spring Mountain in 1980. Later that year, he married his wife, Julie Johnson. Another
year later, John Williams and Larry Turley form what is now known as Frog's Leap Winery in Napa,
and in 1984 Frog's Leap hires Julie as their first employee.
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Vincor International Inc Case
Vincor International Inc. was North America's 4th largest producer and marketer of wines and
related products by volume with leading brands in all segments of the market. Vincor has wineries
in California, Washington State, British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec and New Brunswick. Its family
of estate wineries is supported by an international distribution network and dedicated sales and
marketing forces. Vincor's premium wine products are complemented by a variety of popular priced
wines, wine kits and refreshment products. Vincor was taken over by Constellation Brands.
Today, Constellation Brands (formerly Vincor Canada) is Canada's largest producer and marketer of
wines. The company's land holdings in Canada's largest wine growing regions, the Okanagan Valley
in British Columbia and the Niagara Peninsula in Ontario, are dedicated essentially to the
production of European Vitis Vinifera. The Constellation Brands portfolio includes many well–
known brands such as Inniskillin Wines, Jackson–Triggs Estate Wines, Naked Grape, Sawmill
Creek, Robert Mondavi, Ruffino, Kim Crawford, Wallaroo Trail, Linden Bay, Open and President
Sparkling. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some of the largest New World producers were the United States, Australia, Chile and Argentina.
The largest of the Old World producers were France, Italy and Spain. The world's top 10 wine
exporters accounted for more than 90 per cent of the value of international wine trade. Of those top
10, half were in western Europe, and the other half were New World suppliers, led by

Case Study: BISD School
Devin McCraney and Sharika Allison were the District Finance officers and Controllers for the
BISD school district. They were caught for committing fraudulent and illegal activities from 2010 to
2014. This started after Devin was promoted as the Director of Finance and Allison was promoted to
Controller as she worked directly under him. In 2012, they took advantage of fraudulent behavior
because they had access to all of the finances in balancing checks and wiring transfers.
On January 8, 2014, the U.S. Attorney has stated that the BISD school District Finance Officer and
Controller, managed to embezzle over $4,000,000 from the school district by creating fake
companies and issuing purchase orders and invoices that paid directly to an account ... Show more
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However, eleven days after the last transfer, the FBI raided on BISD headquarters and the homes of
McCraney and Allison to bring the alleged scheme to an apparent halt.
This is because the fraudulent activity was reported by a local news magazine that decided to take
interest in why McCraney was upgrading home and cars excessively. The reporter was able to
uncover that McCraney purchased his home upgrade in cash. This was estimated to be about
$125,000, which was upgraded immediately and expanded within a couple of months.
Also, it was reported that he purchased an estimate of $200,000 in cash for new cars alongside his
hoe upgrade. These purchases came out from several bank accounts that were from different banks
to help pay off his mortgage that cost over 80,000 dollars. This brought up red flags because the
annual salary for the Director of Finance was estimated to be 80,000 dollars and he had no other
income reported. Thus, this brought suspicion from the Government, which forced him to plead
guilty due to fraud of receiving illegal federal funds. As a result, he is facing five years in federal
prison. As for Sharika Allison, she has been guilty for fraud because her annual salary as a
Controller was 62,000 dollars and she had no proof of additional income reported. Thus, she
pleaded guilty of committing fraud upon receiving illegal federal funds and was sentenced to three
years to federal

The Case Of Buffalo For Real
The narrative that gets told about a city influences public policies, economic development
initiatives, and even civic morale and engagement. For example, in the case of Buffalo, pervasive
myths about high property tax rates have influenced the public's perception about the funding of
public programs and fed the desire for irresponsible tax cuts. Similarly, stories that fail to
acknowledge issues of poverty, inequality, and segregation marginalize certain groups and hinder
constructive dialogue on how to fix these issues. Many of the solutions previously proposed to make
Buffalo prosper, assumed that the city was in dire straits. While it is true that Buffalo had been hit
by hard times, haphazard attempts at economic developments only exasperated ... Show more
In 2010, the poverty rate was 29.6% and the unemployment rate is currently 12.4%. In addition,
most of the poverty is concentrated on the west side and the east side. These issues have been
compounded by a dwindling population as many choose to avoid the inner–city poverty in favor of
living in the surrounding suburbs. With that being said, Buffalo has many underutilized or
unrecognized resources. First, Buffalo has access to the Great Lakes. As water scarcity becomes a
more pressing issue, the Great Lakes will become an even more valuable resource. Buffalo needs to
recognize the value of this resource and stop dumping raw sewage into the water. Second, the city is
located near Niagara Falls, one of the biggest tourist attractions in the world. The only problem is
that Buffalo doesn't have as many attractions to keep tourist in the area for a longer period. Also, its
rich past has endowed it with magnificent architecture and historic landmarks. By accentuating
these locations, Buffalo could increase its tourism traffic. The economic situation in Buffalo has
been bleak, but its proximity to Toronto could lead to a resurgence if the city's prime location is
utilized. By taking stock of the resources that it has at its disposal, Buffalo can change the narrative
about its future

The Formal Mission Of Collin County
Collin County is a governing body north of Dallas that has been experiencing rapid growth over the
past decade. Planning for the population growth, businesses expansions, and county debt has been
needed in order for the county to be sustainable during the great recession. The formal mission of
Collin County is to deliver services including justice, public safety, infrastructure, and public health
as mandated by the State of Texas and to execute other priorities as determined by the
Commissioners Court (Collin County). The mission statement is very concise and specific at times
by mentioning the main services that are provided, such as justice, public safety, infrastructure, and
public health. Length of mission statements can be cumbersome at times to understand because of
conflicting views. Collin's mission provides insight into the purpose that the organization is trying to
fulfill and constitutes of a great statement. Collin County's mission statement does not guide
particular actions or policies because it is there for public relations. Collin County does not have a
clear strategic plan for the county in general. There are a few strategic plans that are current in the
park district, but none have been implemented for the organization as a whole. Several capital
improvement plans are in place to improve transportation in and around the county. Current capital
project plans were implemented in 2007 and are still works in progress. The capital plans hint at the

Disadvantages Of Municipal Fragmentation
Across the globe, governments struggle to sufficiently represent their citizens. The breaking down
of government responsibilities varies between countries, but one aspect that no country can agree on
is what constitutes a municipality and how much responsibility a municipality should have. Should
a city region be split into competing small municipalities, or should there be one municipal
government for the entire region? Across Europe following World War II fragmentation due to land
reform was favoured (Jurgenson, 2016, p. 34) whereas now in present day, consolidation seems to
be more desirable by governments seeking to be more cost efficient (Carmichael & Midwinter,
1999, p. 163). As a means to compromise, city regions should be governed by a system that
incorporates both aspects of fragmentation and consolidation. Through the analysis of economic
effects, government issues, and cultural factors I will explore the benefits of municipal
fragmentation and consolidation. A central occupation of a municipality is the distribution of funds
to various services. Municipalities can face several difficulties in regard to their economy because of
their lack of power and responsibilities. Fragmentation could aid municipalities according to
Grassmueck and Shields (2009) in their study "Does government fragmentation enhance or hinder
metropolitan economic growth?" that suggests "that regions with relatively fragmented governments
had stronger relative economic performance over the

Eminence: The Common Persons Perspective
Eminence : The Common Persons Perspective According to Merriam Webster Dictionary, Political
Geography is a branch of geography that deals with human governments, the boundaries and
subdivisions of political units (as nations or states), and the situations of cities. Political Geography
concerns itself with trying to understand how spatial distributions of structures effect relations and
how relations between governments work. Our Geography Project group chose to focus onto a more
unusual, yet simple question; "What do citizens think the problems are in Eminence and is the local
polity concerned with said problems." We felt that Eminence doesn't face any large issues, so if we
were to try to find one we would need to rely on the opinions of ... Show more content on
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The most common problems people had with Eminence were the lack of a good grocery store,
drugs, lack of things for kids to do, and the need for more employment. By talking to some of the
locals, I found that Norms was the local grocery store, but it went into debt and is currently going
out of business. During our interviews, it was clear that Norms going out of business was very
upsetting. The only places people could get their groceries from is Shelbyville causing people to pay
more just to get their food. Drugs is a different kind of issue. I relied on the minutes of the council to
find the monthly police department report. When analyzing the reports there was a noticeable
amount of arrests purely dealing with drugs. Looking back at August through March, there has been
a steady amount of arrests, no signs of decline. Next, to find out why people thought there was a
lack of employment, I used the Chamber of Commerce business list for Henry county. The few
business that are in Eminence are either family owned or small. Many people are either left to find
laborious work or travel to nearby cites. Finally, we were unable to make any conclusions about
why people thought there was a lack of activities for kids. None of our collected data showed that
people had kids. This was our fault though and would definitely be something we would change if
we were

Williamette Valley
The state of Oregon is known for many things, The Crater Lake National Park and the Columbia
River Gorge, to name a couple of big attractions. Oregon is also known for their AVA's, and the
Wine that comes out of all 17 AVA's within the state. The history behind the first groups of people to
start growing grapes in Oregon goes back farther than some would expect. Many people were
growing grapes and other kinds of fruit in Oregon long before the Wine Industry took over the area.
Williamette Valley in Oregon is the main producer of Wine and the most well–known region, but
there are quite a few other successful AVA's in Oregon as well. One of Oregons most successful
wineries is located in Williamette Valley, the King Estate has been one of the ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Regardless, Oregon is still a very successful state for growing wine. There are 18 AVA's, or
American Viticultural Area, in Oregon. The most popular one of them all is Williamette Valley,
located just south of Portland. Williamette Valley is also the largest AVA in the state of Oregon,
being around 5,200 Square Miles. Williamette Valley is notoriously linked to Pinot Noir because of
David Lett. Despite how popular Williamette Valley is, the valley has remained mostly small scale,
and attracts a "different" kind of wine maker. Within Williamette Valley, there are 6 AVA's that
associate themselves with the Valley, but their climate, location and soil type make it noteworthy to
know of these specific areas. One of these sub–appellations is known as the Dundee Hills. Just
under 7,000 acres of land, this AVA has over 25 Wineries which have produced over 44,000 cases of
wine. This specific area is known for its Pinot Noir, where 7 wineries have won recognition from
international wine experts. Another Oregon AVA is the Applegate Valley located in Southern
Oregon, and is a sub–appellation of the Rogue Valley AVA. Wine grapes were first planted in this
Valley around the mid 1800s by a man named Peter Britt (Fast Wine). "Covering a total area of
roughly 275,000 acres, The Applegate Valley AVA has just over 600 acres planted to wine grapes."
(Fast Wine). Many different kinds of wine grapes are grown in Applegate Valley, including
Chardonnay, Merlots, Pinot Noir, Zinfandel, and many other kinds of

General-Purpose State Governments
American local governments sprouted in response to a combination of citizen demand, interest
group pressure, and state government acquiescence. As a consequence, no scientific system of local
government exists. General–purpose local governments perform a wide variety of governmental
functions, and counties, municipalities, and towns and townships all fall into this category. Special
purpose local governments generally focus on a specific purpose and one function. Best known of
these are the school districts. Regardless of name, it is state government that gives local
governments of all types their legal life.
Counties were created to function as appendages of the state, but modernization and population
growth have put pressures on counties ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are some 33,000 special districts around the country, and their number is growing. They
overlay existing general–purpose governments and differ in their organization–they are minuscule to
mammoth. They continue to exist because of technical and practical limits on the general–purpose
local government, the special debt and tax advantages under which the special district operates, and
the political power that they accrue. They accrue political power because of restrictive annexation
laws faced by cities and the limits on county government authority. Once created, the special–
district interests fight encroachment by general–purpose governments. Supporters argue they are
efficient in providing a service and are responsive to constituents whose needs were not met by
general–purpose government. However, many scholars look at them with a jaundiced eye, because
they feel that they operate without enough political accountability and that well placed groups are
their special beneficiaries. Some states are taking action to give general–purpose local governments
more input into the creation of new special

Texas Commissioners Court
The counties in Texas have an odd relationship with the state government and the Texas
constitution. The counties are under the state and they are required to handle duties that the state
rants them. However, the counties are strongly against the involvement of the state government.
Brown (2014) states that "both county officials and county residents see them as local governments
and resent any state 'interference'" (p.110). The counties are charged with the responsibilities of
collecting taxes on both urban and rural property, issues state automobile licenses, enforce state
laws, register voters, conduct elections, and help administer justice. The counties, along with state
and federal governments, "conducts health and welfare programs, maintains ... Show more content
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The attorney "represents the state in civil and criminal cases and advises county officials on legal
questions" (Brown, 2014, p. 114). The district attorney, someone who prosecutes cases, gives
advisory opinions, and represents the county in civil cases, appoints the county attorney (Brown,
2014, p. 114). The district attorney carries a bit more weight than the county attorney. The district
attorney is important because that person may represent more than one county. The decisions of the
county and district attorneys impact many other county

Personal Narrative: The Napa County Fair
Have you ever seen the starry night sky dance? How about seeing a dark sky filled with stunning
lights, hearty laughs, echoes of indulgences or the bellowing songs of the drunken people? Can you
imagine a starry night sky of radiant ribbons streaming across the luscious black atmosphere hinted
with little specks of white dust? Imagine a majestic festival painting the sky with all of these things;
envision spending the time there yourself with you loving family and trustful friends? This is the
Napa County Fair. Surprising isn't it? Though the cost of all these enjoyments may be hostile to the
naked eye, one must be able to look over their tempting cheapness and through the lingering
disappointing thoughts in order to achieve what matters most. I, for one, have been able to attend
such a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was through them that I had established new connections with other friendly companions.
Originally, it was my two other friends and myself who were attending such an attraction.
Eventually, we just so happened to make new friends, meet up with old–time friends, and other
strange friends that consist of drunken swedish imposters. Now this day of utter enjoyment is not
only told in one story but several other mini–stories; It could be gracefully thrilling or utterly crazy,
depending on the listener of the story. My good friend Dan had just begun to ride the vehicle that is
known to constantly throw 360's and 720's all while spinning in a spherical motion. My other friend
Mikel and I had also joined in on the ride only to soon regret our decisions. We spun, we twirled,
and we didn't hurl at least not my friend Mikel and I. After that, we had chose to relax on the
Spinning Tea Cups, but it only encouraged the hurling provided by not other than Dan. We had also
met up with another friend of mine, who's name is Cole, whom provided an additional face of
disgust and horror of the sickish

Little Canada, Questions And Answers
Question 1: Why are you interested in this position?
From what I have learned city governments provide some of the most challenging, dynamic,
learning–centric environments where opportunities to make a difference abound through numerous
opportunities. Often from what I have seen the staff is smaller, and so is the budget and other
resources and yet the issues that arise didn't shrink as well, so creative and quick solutions are more
frequently needed. I want to start building experience working in government and I want to do it at
the local level because I see meaningful and challenging work. Moreover I have spent many years
developing excellent skills, including communication, problem solving and research capabilities and
working in Little Canada will allow me to take the next step while doing something that matters to
Minnesotans. This important job will give me the opportunity I have been seeking to further develop
my skills while offering my love for creative solutions when the opportunity arises. From what I
have read thus far the Little Canada government favors people who consistently deliver simple and
sound solutions to problems in a timely and professional manner. This is why I want to become a
part of your government ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This position covers a wide area of responsibility and my background has both taught me to thrive
in this environment and more importantly show me that it's where I am happiest because while there
will be recurring duties each day will provide unique challenges and opportunities to shine. Also I
either have experience at or above what is requested in job description and in the few areas I may
seem to be lacking I have some transferable experiences or skills that coupled with my adaptability
will give you what you need in a City Clerk in the coming years.
Question 3: Tell us about your ideal work

The Ethical Theory Of Ethics
What is the right thing to do when you're faced with corruption in the work place? Should you
simply condone the behavior, participate in it, or remove yourself from the situation? Is there more
at stake here than just your own interests and prosperity? This essay will look at a case study
involving corruption in a local county government. In this case, Jenny must decide whether or not to
expose the rampant corruption prevalent in her workplace. Should Jenny turn a blind eye thereby
avoiding any negative consequences, or should she expose these actions and possibly compromise
her career aspirations? In considering her case, I believe the best choice Jenny should make involves
her exposing the corruption. I will argue for this position through the utilitarian theory of ethics.
Before I argue for what Jenny should do, we should first look at the options available to her. Jenny
could choose to ignore the obvious theft and misuse of public funds and property. Additionally, she
could accept the nepotism displayed by the rest of her coworkers. The immediate benefit to her
would be in maintaining the status quo. Jenny would continue to work here until such time as she
would be able to move onto another government work place. But choosing this option would mean
she would be indirectly approving of the behavior we know has made her uncomfortable. Besides
the guilt she would experience, Jenny would also be subject to possible prosecution once the
corruption was discovered. For

Essay On Texas State Government
Today we will be discussing the structure and a few roles of the Texas state government, the purpose
and function of each type of local government, describing how some states have consolidated the
county and city functions into a single entity, and my opinion on whether or not Texas would be
better maintaining its several distinct types or consolidating them into a single larger entity.
The commissioner's court has several roles such as taxes, discretion in administering state programs,
determine how much state funding is provided to each special area (medical, supplemental food,
etc.), upkeep and new county jails, all while providing health and safety programs to citizens in
rural areas. In addition to those duties aforementioned, they also have more authority in ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This system works because the mayor realizes the need for managerial assistance. The city manager
reports only to the mayor while focusing on policy implementation and budgeting. This allows the
mayor to focus on addressing and working for a solution for major problems within the city. The
Commission form allows for the elected commissioners to form a board of administrative
individuals that oversee specific departments. They tend to favor their department the most instead
of public interest. They also fall into the easily corrupt and don't have specific areas of
responsibility. General–Law Cities are usually under a population of 5,000 or cities that have not
adopted the home–rule style of government. With the state limiting the size of council, they also
specify duties of the mayor, municipal officials, and emplacing additional boundaries on matters
that home–rule can determine themselves. A downfall to this style of leadership is that with the
small size getting someone with knowledge to come in and effectively manage the city and its

The Current Status Of Mondavi 's External Environment
Mondavi and Evans have decided to focus on "organic growth rather than acquisitions (Roberto,
page 16)
1. What is the current status of Mondavi's external environment? Generally, what are the primary
industry–wide sources of competitive advantage? Which ones matter to Mondavi? Why?
I apply Porter's Five Forces to analyst the current status of Mondavi's external environment as
follows
(Grant, page 69):
1. Industry Rivalry:
– There are many competitors in this industry, but the main competitor of the company is Gallo
because its product takes some part of the market share from Woodbridge which is the main source
of revenue for Mondavi (Roberto, exhibit 15).
– Mondavi has a product differentiation because there are various brands ... Show more content on
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changed to off–premise because people started buying wine from supermarkets and wholesaler
clubs (Roberto, exhibit 11). This change leads to the more price sensitivity because the consumers
had more chance to compare a price before making a decision to buy bottles of wine. Therefore, the
bargaining power's customer is dramatically increased.
There are two sources of the industry–wide of competitive advantage, including cost advantage and
differentiation advantage (Grant, paage178). From my analysis, Mondavi can apply both sources to
use with its products, but it should use one competitive advantage at a time. For instance, according
to exhibit 4 in Jug and pop–pre segments, Woodbridge should be applied to the cost advantage
because the price competition in this type of wine was very aggressive at that time. Thus, the
company has to reduce costs to compete with other competitors. However, referring to exhibit 4 in
luxury–prem segment, the company should apply the differentiation advantage for Robert Mondavi
(RM)Winery and RM Coastal Private Selection because these two brands target the high end
customers caring for the quality rather than the price. According to the Porter's generic strategies
(Grant, page 178), the company does not in the scope of a single segment; therefore, the industry–
wide method would be a suitable one for the company. For this reason, the company has to separate
the brands of wine before

Napa Valley History
Napa Valley is a region of California (United States), known for its wine production. Napa's name
derives from "Wappo" which is the name of the indigenous Indians who inhabited the region. The
valley is located in Napa County. Its length is 48 kilometres long, concentrates more than 300 wine
producers and represents, somehow, the new industry, not only because it produces excellent quality
wines, but because it has managed its merger with gastronomy and tourism. Each year about 8
million people visit Napa Valley, making it one of the most popular tourist attractions in California
(Gmelch et al., 2011).
According to Paul Wagner , Janeen Olsen and Liz Thach (2010), despite the economic difficulties
worldwide, this market continues growing thanks to the increased demand from a new generation of
consumers who are keen on wine, the Millennial Generation. They are people of both sexes, aged
between 20 and 32 years, representing over 70 million of the US population. Paul Wagner points
out: "They are young, have no fear and they were born with a computer under his arm and an MP3
in the pocket consequently they do not accept established traditions about wine, they are
adventurous and wine is not just a drink, but a ticket to travel to other places, to other countries". ...
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Paul Wagner at the conference on the socioeconomic development in Brazil the past 2014, indicated
that the wine tourism itself does not exist at Napa Valley. It is just a simple tourism. People are not
interested just in the wine tasting, but in the quality of life, leisure, relaxation and fun,

The City Of Macon County
Introduction
Bibb County, in central Georgia, was formed December 9, 1822. Geologically, Bibb County is
located on the fall line where the southern Piedmont meets the Coastal Plain. Before the arrival of
European settlers, the area had been a center of a series of Native American civilizations. The
county sits on 249.76 square miles of land and there are approximately 622 people per square mile.
Robert Reichert is the mayor of the city of Macon which is a part of Bibb currently governed by a
five member County Commission, with four commissioners elected from individual districts in the
county and a chairman elected countywide. A chief administrative officer is appointed by the
commission runs the daily affairs of the government.
Bibb ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The mean travel to work time is 20.5 minutes.
There are about 57,000 households in the county with a home ownership rate of 55% and almost
70,000 housing units. The average household income is $21,443 per year (as per 2012 data) and
23.5% of the population lives below the national poverty level. Economic activities in Bibb include
commerce, with private nonfarm employment making up a big percentage. There are agriculture and
manufacturers for shipments.
Type of budget the Georgia city operates
A Balanced Master Budget– a balanced budget, income usually equals or exceeds spending. Deficits
from one financial year cannot be carried over to the next. This is a common practice with much of
the balancing of the budget at state level is assigned to general funds and not specific projects.
The city's major revenue sources i.e. taxes, fines and fees and more
Bibb County Revenue Sources mainly include property tax, local option sales Tax, Insurance
Premium Tax, intergovernmental Revenues, Fund Balance Applications, Fines and forfeits revenues.
All these revenues are as discussed below:
First of all, Property Taxes, Revenues and Interests are worth–based taxes paid on various types of
property (e.g. residential and commercial real estate, motor vehicles, farm machinery, etc.). The
body charged with tax collection is responsible for taxing authority appraises the

Business Plan Miami City
My vision for Miami County is going to involve a lot of change. The first thing I would want to do
the most work and change is the main part of Miami County which is the area which has the
courthouse and the stores beside it. Most buildings that Miami County has have been there for many
years,family owned, and have never been changed to fit the more modern times. Therefore this
where the change would come in and we would start to redo the buildings and make them more
attractive and bigger. Doing this would take a while and a lot of money but it would benefit the
whole county in the end by attracting more people to visit miami county, more people visiting
means that there will be more money spent to the businesses. After a while the businesses that are in
the buildings will pay for themselves and then soon Miami County can get back on its feet and bring
in other businesses which will than make more jobs. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Kokomo has more restaurants,grocery stores,etc. The biggest attraction in my opinion to Kokomo is
the Markland mall which has a variety things to buy there. What I think we should do is put a mall
of our own in Miami County. This would save people the drive all the out to Kokomo to buy
anything, but just a mall is only going to supply clothes,shoes,and things along that line.
We also need a better grocery store. Kroger is a good place but is not close to Sam's Club or a Wal
Mart's of food and items. How I think we could fit all these stores in is by getting rid of Save–A–Lot
and all those businesses around in that corner and put in a mall. The people working in the old shops
could now work in the new ones. This provides a lot of space for many stores in the mall and we
could also expand later on. Grocery store wise need to get Kmart out of Miami County. By getting
rid of it we could put a

Why We Need An Urban County Government
Why We Need an Urban County Government
For too long this area has taken a back seat to the larger cities around us. We need to join the rest of
the progressive regions in this state and establish a new, more efficient form of government. Pulaski
County and the cities of Somerset, Science Hill, Ferguson, and Burnside need to merge together and
create an urban county government. This will help to consolidate duplicate services, provide better
representation for the citizens of Pulaski County, and strengthen the economy in this region.
We live in a magnificent part of the state of Kentucky. We have picturesque landscapes, really
pleasant residents, and a magnificent lake that supports a huge part of our economy through tourism.
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As a result, it is possible for the citizens to vote to implement this type of government. Therefore, in
April of 2013 the Somerset–Pulaski County United group formed and began the process of having
feasibility studies done to see if the formation of an urban county government would be an
alternative that would serve our area well. According to the Commonwealth Journal, a newspaper in
Somerset, Kentucky, "A group of about 60 community leaders, clustered as Somerset–Pulaski
County United (SPCU), is embarking on a study to determine if a consolidated or united
government in Pulaski County would be more efficient and more responsive to the county's 63,000
residents." (Mardis and Shmidheiser). This group, a cross–section that well represents the residents
of this county, believes that the formation an urban county government is a great opportunity for all
our futures.
Unfortunately, the SPCU has faced much antagonism in this initial phase of work. Many current
government leaders are afraid of what changes might do to their positions of power. But these same
leaders are also the ones who create problems and allow current ones to continue. Having a council
of peers will give a voice everyone in the area, not just the few who reside in the

Bell California Case Study
Bell California is a small community located south–east of Los Angeles California. In the summer
of 2009 that was caught up in a corruption scandal. The city manager Robert Rizzo was making
$800,000 a year, and the Chief of Police Randy Adams was making $457,000 a year much more
than even the Chief of Police of the Los Angeles Police Department makes, (Coolican, 2010). The
city council to include the mayor of the city were all part–time employees at the municipality only
making monthly meetings and small political tasks, however, each garnered around $100,000
annually. The Town was an of modest income and where not wealthy people, so the tax base did not
support the pay of these city officials. The Bell City Mayor Oscar Hernandez defended the salaries
saying that since the city manager came the city went from being in defect near bankruptcy and now
has nearly $ 15 million in the general fund, also the streets are cleaner and better lighting throughout
the city, (Gottlieb, Vives, 2010). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The problem was that when Rizzo came into office, he cut budgets, and excess which would be
good, except he took the funds and exploited them for his gain, he also paid off city council and
department heads to get them to go along. Part of the problem was that the State of California did
little to regularly audit federal awards and other programs in small city governments, allowing
Rizzo to run wild for years, (Leder–Luis,

Relationship Between State and Local Government Essay
Forms of Local Government
The basis for county, city and special district governing and authority are laid out in the State
Constitution and Government Code. Counties in California are responsible for providing limited
services to unincorporated areas. The state Legislature created the Local Agency Formation
Commission (LAFCO) in 1963 to control local government fragmentation. The Local Agency
Formation Commission (LAFCO) gives counties the power to tax, create special districts and annex
unincorporated land to cities in the county (League of Women Voters, 1992).
There are three classes of county government. The main differences are in the organization and
selection of governing bodies and officers. General Law counties elect ... Show more content on
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Municipalities may also provide parks, public housing, and various utility services. Cities are
required to develop a general plan, environmental reports and review of their capital improvements
program (League of California Cities, n.d.). Charter municipalities may have increased powers,
requiring a vote for adoption and amendment. Incorporated cities and towns have the power to levy
taxes. Special districts provide focused service. They only serve specific designated areas and
provide only one service. That service is a public service or program constitutes want. While county
and city service are mandated by federal and state government, special districts provide what the
public wants. Local agency loss of property tax revenue and competition for existing revenue leaves
fewer dollars for services. Residents and landowners can form a district to pay for an increased level
of service or other services they desire. Local citizens can receive services at the price they are
willing to pay (League of Women Voters, 1992).
Special districts are not state government. They are accountable to the voters. State government
does look over financial reports and requires state law be followed for public meetings, bonded
debt, record keeping and elections. They provide public services and infrastructure that help
communities but not direct economic development (CSDA, n.d.).
Intergovernmental Cooperation
The local government must work within the state and

A Model Of Governance Through Capitalistic Ideals
Want to know a little known fact? Local government is one of the most influential factors in the
American way of life, but it is not even mentioned in the U.S. Constitution. Essentially the
Constitution set up national and state governments but leaves local governments out creating a gray
area. This area has been filled with many different methods and types of government. One of the
ideas which pertains to filling this gray area is the Tiebout model. In essence this is a model of
governance through capitalistic ideals. In the Tiebout model cities and metros are divided up into
micro–jurisdiction entice or deter specific citizens based on the jurisdicition's services and taxes.
This train of thought assumes things about the people who live in these cities. These assumptions,
applied to a simple majority, would surely ensure this methods success, but it may not be feasible.
Because many dislike the Tiebout method revision can be made and there are numerous alternatives
also.
In order for the Tiebout model to be successful, at least two assumptions must be made about
citizens. The first assumption that must be made is that the average, or at least the majority, of
citizens are both informed and motived to stay up to date on policies. Each citizens would need to
commit to enough different news sources to understand local politics and its entirety. This applies to
obvious things like watching tax changes in their local government, as well as other areas. It also
entail

County Commission Definition
The county commission is pretty neat. They decide what our taxes go towards and try to improve
our lives as citizens of West Virginia. Also they give us parks and parks are good for tag. Most of
the money goes towards public works projects and keeping the capitol in good condition. But what
does my county commission do for me? The taxes we pay go towards making the state better as a
whole. The county commission is there to make sure our taxes are not wasted. If we have more
parks and attractions more tourists will come and that will create more stores. The more stores the
more jobs and jobs help make West Virginia the best it can be. If the county commission can create
jobs, then more people can support their families. The county commission

Penticton Research Paper
Utilities and Municipal Government in Penticton
The municipal government of Penticton has worked hard to make it one of the most livable cities in
the Okanagan. The broad vision statement and growth plan of Penticton coupled with excellent use
of green space and its focus on creating a tourist friendly destination have attracted many new
residents to this forward–thinking city.
Here is a brief overview of the role the municipal government plays in Penticton and what you can
expect if you choose to call this wonderful city home.
City Council
Penticton's city council is comprised of a 7–member panel which is headed by the mayor. The
council is elected to a 4 year term. Penticton's city council is responsible for passing and
implementing the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These services include garbage and recycling collection, water treatment and public works.
Garbage, Recycling and Yard Waste
All residents of Penticton receive weekly curbside garbage collection. Penticton is also part of the
province wide recycle BC program that allows residents to recycle a host of items in their blue bin
for bi–weekly curbside pickup. For residents who receive curbside garbage collection, the city of
Penticton also offers bi–weekly pick–up for yard biproducts during the months of March –
December. Yardwork items can include:
Organics such as grass or yard trimmings.
Tree branches, pine cones or fruit droppings.
Kitchen scraps and food waste are not accepted.
Energy/Electricity
All of Penticton's residential and commercial electricity needs are provided by BC Hydro – a
provincially owned resource. Each residence is charged for their electricity use based on their
consumption and monthly usage. The city is part of the energy awareness campaign and does
encourage residents to make power smart

The Groundwater Of California Is A Serious Policy Matter
The groundwater of California is a serious policy matter in legislation. If there is drought, such as
years like this, then management is necessary because it may encourage more pumping to supplant
the water not gathered from other resources. Groundwater can account for as much as 35% of all the
water used by California (cite). Unfortunately, there are not many laws established to regulate
groundwater. The basins can replenish if they are pumped on a limited basis during normal or peak
years. Luckily, proposals have been brought forth to help regulate ground water basins to insure
their use is efficient and does not harm the environment.
Groundwater basins are able to store massive amounts of waters and are great to have during
droughts, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are some proposals that are favorites to be pushed through legislation that can help start the
process of managing our groundwater usage.
The local agriculture groups do not want the state to manage the groundwater based on their
management of the surface water (cite). So far, all the proposed plans have the local entities being in
charge of their groundwater. Governor Brown has proposed his "Water Action Plan", which is a
series of actions that the local entities should perform. Another significant proposal is bill SB–1168,
which is making its rounds in legislation and is authored by Senator Pavley. Each plan has its own
merits that will be explored.
Governor Brown's "Water Action Plan" is very clear and concise plan for the local governments to
follow when managing the groundwater. The plan has a clear definition of the challenges that are
present for the use water. There is a brief overview of the challenges and how the plan will address
the issues. The first proposed a plan is for the administration to increase the funding and expand the
California Statewide Groundwater Elevation Monitoring Program, "which provides essential data to
characterize the state 's groundwater basins, including identifying basins in decline" (cite). This will
open lines of communication between counties, and share valuable information for development the
pumping plans. Next, there is the plan for Brown's administration to work closely together with
Legislation to fund the

Phoenix County Budget Case Study
Getting control of a county's budget may be a difficult task. My mindset must transform in order to
control the county budget, which will result in a positive turnaround. Although our friends in
Phoenix County feel a negative effect of the way our county is run, it is still functioning. However, I
would try to familiarize some of the leadership aspects of Phoenix. Furthermore, spending less
money not to become bankrupt again would be ideal. Moreover, since no one has never succeeded
in convincing Maricopa to be a team, I'm willing to try to work as a team to restore our budget. In
return, this will give Maricopa an advantage in gaining tourist attraction, being efficient and have
financial management.
The sheriff is the chief executive officer

City of Rockville Budget Paper
Organizations bear economic, legal, and ethical obligations to provide useful information about the
risks and benefits of their products, policies, and services. Failure to fulfill those obligations can be
costly. Financial analyst estimate that 70% of a typical private firm's assets are intangibles, like
goodwill, that can be lost when communication fail. Public institutions' reputations often depend on
their ability to communicate (Fischhoff).
It is important to know that organizations are vital with providing guidance and advice for an
arrangement of objectives and methodologies of serviceable divisions. Moreover, these procedures
could show the principle explanation of achievement or dissatisfaction of the organization.
Government responsiveness identifies with capability to react to evolving requests. Differentiation
can identify with items or administration characteristics, quality, notoriety, or client administration.
A few associations concentrate on a solitary methodology while others utilize a mix of
methodologies.
Systems give center to choice making. As a rule, public sectors have general techniques called
authoritative methodologies, which identify with the whole public/private sector. They likewise
have utilitarian procedures, which identify with each of the practical territories of the agency.
The useful systems ought to back the general techniques of the association, in the same way that the
hierarchical methods ought to back the objectives and mission

The Causes Of The Zodiac Killer
The first murders widely attributed to the Zodiac Killer were the shootings of high school students
Betty Lou Jensen and David Faraday on December 20, 1968, on Lake Herman Road, just inside
Benicia city limits. Shortly after 11:00 p.m. their bodies were found. Robert Graysmith postulated
that another car pulled into the turnout, just prior to 11:00 pm and parked beside the couple. Jensen
appeared to have exited the car first, yet when Faraday was halfway out, the killer apparently shot
Faraday in the head. Fleeing from the killer, Jensen was gunned down twenty–eight feet from the
car with five shots through her back. The killer then drove off.
Just before midnight on July 4, 1969, Darlene Ferrin and Michael Mageau drove into the Blue Rock
Springs Park in Vallejo, four miles from the Lake Herman Road murder site. A second car drove
into the lot and parked alongside them but almost immediately drove away. Returning about 10
minutes later, this second car parked behind them. The driver of the second car then exited the
vehicle, approaching the passenger side door of Ferrin's car, carrying a flashlight and a 9 mm Luger.
The killer directed the flashlight into Mageau's and Ferrin's eyes before shooting at them, firing five
times. Both victims were hit, and several bullets had passed through Mageau and into Ferrin. The
killer walked away from the car but upon hearing Mageau's moaning, returned and shot each victim
twice more before driving off. Ferrin was pronounced dead at the

Valley Winery
Valley Winery, a successful wine company based in California is quite profitable but faces many
problems in their organization. Such problems consist firstly of a very high employee rate turnover
rate. This rate is actually 100% per year. Each year they hire an average of fifty sales people per
year and the longest working sales rep has only two years of experience with the company. A second
problem facing this organization is its complications with management skills. And the third problem
is the lack of skills that salesmen possess
The problem of the high employee rate is a large issue. This mainly because the reduction in the
turnover of employees will definitely increased profitability keeping it easier to obtain future sales.
This issue ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With regards to continuous restructuring of the company. This issue is a big factor that even
stimulates the first problem. With the re– evaluation of the organizational structure the employees
tend to lose confidence and trust in those in charge and therefore their performance is hindered
because of this. Concerning the hiring skills of the company it is very inefficient such as recruiting
college kids, newspaper advertisements, employment agencies and job notices on job search
websites. These hiring skills are very costly and time consuming. The high expectations of
management to meet high quotas is unreasonable and thus puts pressure on the salesmen causing
them to perform unethical actions such as posting incorrect sales figures just to please their
managers. Options that can assist the firm in these issues are by management evaluating the
company and making a consistent and permanent organizational structure. To make the hiring
process more efficient it needs to be shorter in length, be specific in the characteristics of the
potential employee to avoid the many steps and narrow the amount of hiring methods to reduce
costs. Not stretching quotas is another factor that needs to be considered by management. This can
be done through lowering their expectations of sales in the same time frame that currently exists
making them realistic, give incentives if they need to be stretched, employ feedback from sales
persons so as to assign comfortable quotas around each

Mondavi Case
Case 3 Robert Mondavi and the Wine Industry
1) Evaluate the structure of the global wine industry? How and why is that structure changing?
What threats do these changes present for Robert Mondavi?
The structure of the wine industry is quite different around the world. The barrier to entry is
relatively higher in the New World than in the Old World. Referring to the market data on the level
of concentration in 1998, people can see a few players dominate the markets in Australia and the
U.S. while the level of concentration is quite low in Europe. Therefore, the rivalry in Old World is
intense there.
The Old Market consumers are more sophisticated and price sensitive than those in the New World.
The main sales channels ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Its bread and butter products face severe competitions. Woodbridge, for example, contributes to
57% of Mondavi's total revenue but the competitors such as Gallod or Beringers' are trying to
penetrate into the market with aggressive prices and new brandings. Also, the competitors are
spending money for marketing and promotion activities in sophisticated ways while Mondavi
revamped its marketing messages recently.
2) How attractive are the economics of owning a vineyard of 100 acre in Napa Valley? Would you
invest in such a venture? And why or why not?
It depends on what types of products one plans to produce using the land. Since the winery business
requires high investment in real property, it is important for one to make an investment decision on
what market segment it wants to play in. Napa Valley is widely known as a good place for staring a
vineyard and the land price is relatively higher than anywhere else in the US. The initial investment
would affect the cost structure, which eventually drives up the price of wine. For example, budget
wine consumption is very price sensitive and some competitors are trying to maintain their
competitiveness with a lower price. If a company decides to produce wines from the winery in Napa
Valley, soon, it would be forced to put a premium on the wine price to maintain a level of margin
and ,eventually, the company would lose its competitive edge if it is a price player.
However, for a

The Mayor Case Study
The Role of the Mayor
Introduction to the Issue
This essay aims to examine the role of the mayor in regards to the politics of local government in
Ontario. The process of the development of public policy has shifted considerably during the last
few decades. Due to the advent of globalization and of social media, public sector decision making
has expanded to include more stakeholders than ever before. As a result, mayors have come under
significant pressures to engage not only political actors in decision making, but also communities
and individuals as well, which changes the way that they operate in their public role. This indicates
that the idea of municipal governance may also be changing within the minds of citizens. This essay
will draw on a case study based on the city of Mississauga and its needs from the mayor and city
council. This essay strives to provide insight into the process of developing a strong mayoral
strategy using the example of the city of Mississauga, looking at its current and future plans for
development. The thesis of this essay is that the role of the mayor is to act as a local and global
ambassador for the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The city's mission is that "Mississauga will inspire the world as a dynamic and beautiful global city
for creativity and innovation, with vibrant, safe and connected communities; where we celebrate the
rich diversity of our cultures, our historic villages, Lake Ontario and Credit River valley. A place
where people choose to live" (City of Mississauga 9). The following is an outline of the city of
Mississauga's overarching strategic mandate at the current time, as detailed in an analysis of its
current strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. All statistics herein are detailed in the city's
most recent economic development

Irrigation In Napa Valley
Napa Valley is a part of the hilly, steep mountains in the California Coast Range. The soils in Napa
Valley are generally very deep and are used for vineyards. Soils of volcanic, and alluvial origin
exist, each created by geological events that have occurred over sixty million years. The valley was
formed by tectonic plate movement and volcanic activity. Due to volcanic activity, more than 100
soil types were created.
Grape farmers have an issue of choosing the type of irrigation which will decrease the salinity of the
soils but also provide enough water for their crops to thrive. How much irrigation water required to
grow quality wine grapes depends upon the site, the stage of vine growth, row spacing, size of the
vine's canopy, and amount of rainfall occurring during the growing season. The structure and
composition of the soil greatly affect the character of the grapes and help guide the Napa Valley
grape growers as to which rootstocks and grape varieties to plant. ... Show more content on
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One type of irrigation, drip irrigation, is a method which plants reach water supply. Drip irrigation is
the most widely used method of irrigation in Napa Valley. By directly applying water to either the
root zone or to the surrounding soil, this method significantly reduces the amount of water used. In
addition, growers are able to control the exact amount of water applied to each vine, reduce
evaporation, and minimize surface runoff. Although the water goes around root system, it does not
go far and as a result, there is an accumulation of salts. Furthermore, most of the water in California
comes from mountains which has salt in them and once that area is flushed, the farmer can also
flush the soil. If flushing does not occur, then saline and sodic conditions can possibly

The Formal Mission Of Collin County
The formal mission of Collin County is to deliver services including justice, public safety,
infrastructure, and public health as mandated by the State of Texas and to execute other priorities as
determined by the Commissioners Court (Collin County). The mission statement is very concise and
specific at times by mentioning the main services that are provided, such as justice, public safety,
infrastructure, and public health. Length of mission statements can be cumbersome at times to
understand because of conflicting views. Collin's mission provides insight into the purpose that the
organization is trying to fulfill and constitutes a great statement. Collin County's mission statement
does not guide particular actions or policies because it ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Utilizing yearly goals as a means to strategically plan the future of the organization has been widely
successful thus far. However, an organization as large as the county is lacking a strategic plan is a
recipe for disaster is the future. Over the past ten years the net taxable value has increased by 27
billion or nearly 1/3rd of the current value (Collin County, 2013). Developing a strategic plan
enhances better communications with those both inside and outside the organization. Further,
providing a road map to show where the organization is going and how to get there. Common
stakeholders in any project within Collin County are listed below in the stakeholder interest grid.
The general public has little interest or powers within most public policies that county government's
do. The county administrator, commissioner, elected officials, and government departments all have
significant power and influence in shaping public policy. The local news outlets and media have a
substantial amount of interest, but relatively little power in outcomes. School administrators, local
communities, and business leaders all have power, but little direct interest in public policy
developed by the county. Some of the entities with little interest, but significant power could,
depending on the situation have a direct interest in policies that are being implemented.
Media

Texas Politics Essay
Chapter 11 of the textbook, 'Texas Politics", it is primarily about the purpose and structure of the
local governments within the state of Texas. Texas has 254 counties, the most of any state. Each
county is governed by a five–member Commissioners Court, which consists of a County Judge
(elected at–large) and four Commissioners (elected from single–member precincts). The County
Judge has no veto authority over the decisions of the Court, s/he has one vote along with the other
Commissioners. In smaller counties, the County Judge also performs judicial functions, while in
larger counties his/her role is limited to the Court. Elections are held on a partisan basis. Counties
have no home rule authority; their authority is strictly limited by the ... Show more content on
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As such it is simultaneously a city, which is a municipal corporation, and a county, which is an
administrative division of a state. It has the powers and responsibilities of both types of entities.
Rather than pinning the responsibility of all the tasks of the four types pf local government, it would
be easier to keep the responsiblilities separated where each group can do their task at one–hundred
percent rather than one person

Case Study Of White Paper On Local Government
4.2 White Paper on Local Government
According to the White Paper on Local Government, local authorities have the following
responsibilities in terms of their obligation to economic development:
● Provide marketing and investment support in order to attract potential support to their locality.
● Small business support services should be providing to assist small entrepreneurs.
● To provide targeted assistance to a particular sector in the local economy that has to potential to
expand.
● By supplementing and tailoring to local need, the services provided by the Department of Labour
in supply of training and placement services. This is necessary towards the end of assisting people in
acquiring skills and funding jobs.
4.3 The Local Government: Municipal Systems Act (2000) (Act 32 of 2000)
The Municipal System Act (No. 32 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
● Promote and undertake development in the municipality.
● Promote gender equity in the exercise of the municipality's executive and legislative authority.
● Promote a safe and healthy environment in the municipality.
● Contribute, together with other organs of the state, to the progressive realisation of the
fundamental rights contained in sections 24, 25, 26, 27 and 29 of the Constitution.
LED is one of the most strategic tools through which local municipalities adhere to its duties, as
prescribed by the Municipal Structures Act. This fact becomes even more applicable, once a
municipality's LED strategy is functionally integrated with its Integrated Development Plan.
Section 26(c) of the Local Government: Municipal System Act further specifies that the Integrated
Development Plan of the local municipality must contain its LED aims. This awards the municipal
LED strategy legal status as part of the Integrated Development Planning process.
5 RECOGNISING PROGRESS AND CHALLENGES WITH REGARDS TO SOUTH AFRICA'S
ECONOMIC PROGRESS SINCE

National Honor Society, Questions And Answers
1. Why do you want to be the County Dairy Delegate? I have been raised on a dairy farm and my
mom was also grew up on a dairy farm. My stepdad is a fourth generation dairy farmer and together
my parents have taught me the sacrifice and hard work that goes into a farmer's life. I am thankful
for the privilege I have had in growing up on a farm and I want to help educate community
members on the significance of our day to day dairy farmers and their contributions to society. 2.
Explain how you meet the application criteria. I have had the opportunity to serve in many
leadership roles. Through those assignments, I have had the chance to speak to crowds, large and
small. I have been on the seminary council this year and through this program I have the opportunity
to speak to groups of people including my teachers and peers. I have been the secretary of the
Rockette drill team and I have held several leadership positions in my church, including the Laurel
class President. I have been a leader as spokesperson to my ward and to my stake. ... Show more
High school/scholastic/leadership achievements, honors, club participation & activities. I will be
graduating this May from Box Elder High School and I will be graduating with a 4.0 GPA. I
received Academic All State in drill this year. In high school I have been a member of the Rockette
drill team for 3 years, a member of the National Honor Society and the FFA. I have been a member
of 4H for 9 years. I have been the Rockette Secretary and I have been on the LDS seminary council
this year. I am the Laurel class

The Effects Of High Compliance Rate On Municipal City Of...
Research Design and Methodology
4.1Introduction
The purpose of this study is to find out what are the causes of the high compliance rate in property
taxes in the municipal city of Portmore, Jamaica. Taxes are of essential importance to small
developing countries as they do not have much needed resources. As further developments takes
place in the municipal city property values will increase, hence the amount of property tax collected
by the Portmore municipal council will also increase. This increase however, is not a guarantee that
the tax collection will be sufficient in the maintenance of the community due to the rising cost of
goods and services. Hence continuous voluntary compliance is essential and important as it most
efficient for both the tax payer and the tax authorities.
This section gives the hypothesis or research perspectives, the design of the research and the
methods that were used to gather the data.
4.2 Hypotheses/ Research Perspectives
My research perspective on the Municipal City of Portmore attaining the highest compliance rate
property tax collections in Jamaica are:
That the tax payers have recognised the need and importance of property tax to the community.
The taxpayers are knowledgeable about property tax and the consequences if not paid.
The local authorities are ensuring that the community is well maintained by effectively and
efficiently using the tax collecting in providing services such as timely collection of garbage,
maintaining and

Importance Of The County Commissioners For Our County
The county commissioners do a lot for our county! They make our county have nice EMS places
and good police and county sheriffs. They are a good part of our county. I think they help us with
everything we do in our everyday lives. Without them we would have no shopping stores or
anything, we would have to go out of county just to get groceries. That would give that county more
money and less money for us in ours. Without them we wouldn't even have a county what so ever.
The let us make our own decisions of what we should have every once in a while like who to run
our state or town or even to keep it safe so I

John Williams' Journey In The Napa Valley Wine Industry

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