1. EMISSION CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES
History of Johnson Matthey

1950-59
1950 – Dr. Arie Haagen-Smit of the California Institute of Technology identifies automotive
exhaust emissions as a major cause of smog in Los Angeles.
1955 – Congress passes Air Pollution Act
1956 – British government passes Clean Air Act
1959 – California becomes first to impose automotive emissions standards, requiring “blow
by” valve to recycle crankcase emissions

2. 
1960-69
1960 – US Congress funds two-year public health study on air pollution from cars
1961 – International Clean Air Congress held in London
1963 – US Congress passes Clean Air Act
1965 – The US Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control Act (amends the Clean Air Act) set the first
federal emissions standards to control pollution from automobiles, beginning with 1968
models. The targets were met without catalysts.
1969 – Johnson Matthey R&D to develop autocatalysts for 1970 US Clean Air Act


3. 1970-79
1970 – In USA the Environmental Protection agency is formed, and Congress passes a major
revision of the Clean Air Act.
1970 – General Motors promises ‘pollution free’ cars by 1980 & urges the elimination of lead
additives from gasoline in order to allow the use of catalytic converters.
1971 – Johnson Matthey files a patent covering the use of rhodium promoted platinum
catalysts to control NOx and gaseous organic compounds.
1972 – Environmental Protection Agency announces all gasoline stations require to carry
‘unleaded’ gasoline
1972 – Corning develops cordierite ceramics with high temperature and thermal shock
resistance for catalyst monoliths.
1972 – Johnson Matthey proves to the EPA that the US emissions regulations can be met
using rhodium-platinum catalysts.
1972 – Johnson Matthey & Ricardo demonstrate 1st catalyst-equipped car to meet US
standards at 50,000 miles. First contract with Volkswagen.
1974 – The first catalysts with 200 cells per square inch (cpsi) and walls 0.3 mm thick, are
shipped to automotive manufacturers.
1974 – Johnson Matthey production plants open in the UK (Royston) and USA (Pennsylvania)
1975 – The first cars fitted with oxidation catalysts reach showrooms in the USA. Unleaded
petrol is widely available.
1976 – federal court says EPA has authority to regulate leaded gasoline. By June 1979 nearly
half all US gasoline is unleaded.
1976 – Johnson Matthey wins Queens Award for Technology for Three-way autocatalyst
1976 – Japanese vehicle emissions standards come into effect.
1977 – US Clean Air Act amendments agreed to tighten emissions standards further from
1981 onwards.

4. 
1980-89
1980 – National Academy of Sciences calls leaded gasoline the greatest source of
atmospheric lead pollution.
1980 –Johnson Matthey wins MacRobert award for three-way-catalyst development and
commercialisation
1981 – Three-Way-Catalysts (TWC) introduced to meet the strict new emissions standards
under the amended Clean Air Act.
Early 1980s – Vehicle emissions regulations introduced in Australia and Germany
1983 – UK Government commits to introduce unleaded gasoline by 1990.
1986 – EEC implements first exhaust emissions standards in 1988
1989 – EC confirms new standards effectively mandating catalysts from January 1993


5. 1990-94
1990 – VW launches Umweltdiesel Golf as 1st model world factory-fitted with diesel
oxidation catalyst
1990 – Johnson Matthey plant opens in Brussels, Belgium, to serve the EU market.
1990 - Johnson Matthey files a patent for using NO2 to reduce the combustion temperature
of diesel particulate matter in a filter system - the Continuously Regenerating Trap.
1991 – New legislation introduced in Japan sets more stringent vehicle NOx emissions
limits.
1992 – First EU legislation introduced to restrict diesel emissions
1992 – Johnson Matthey plant opens in Germiston, Johannesburg, South Africa
1993 – EU emissions regulations that necessitate the use of catalytic converters (Euro 1)
come into effect.
1994 – Phase in of Tier 1 emissions standards begins in USA
1994 – Johnson Matthey opens plant in Queretaro, Mexico

1995-99
1995 – Johnson Matthey launches Continuously Regenerating Trap (CRT®) technology for
controlling emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicles

6. 1996 – EU emissions regulations tighten as Euro 2 standards are applied. Californian Low
Emission Vehicle (LEV) standards come into force, emphasising the cold-start control of
emissions.
1996 – Johnson Matthey develops CRT® technology to meet emissions legislation for the
light duty diesel market.
1996 – Johnson Matthey opens plant in Nilai, near Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
1997 – Johnson Matthey opens plant in Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
1999 – National Low Emissions Vehicle (NLEV) standards take effect in the USA.
1999 – Johnson Matthey new plant opens in Royston, UK
1999 – Johnson Matthey receives Millennium Product Award for CRT® technology

2000-04
2000 – EU emissions standards for all road vehicles become more stringent with introduction
of Euro 3 regulations.
2000 – Johnson Matthey opens plant in Haryana, New Delhi, India
2000 - Johnson Matthey awarded Royal Acadmeny of Engineering MacRobert Award 2000 for
the development and commercialisation of the CRT®
2001 – Johnson Matthey opens plant in Shanghai, China
2002 – Honda Foundation Award – for autocatalyst development and the work contributed to
this by Dr Barry Cooper.
2003 – Strict particulate matter limits introduced for heavy duty diesel vehicles operating in
the Tokyo area, requiring a substantial programme to retrofit catalyses particulate filters.

7. 2004 – Phase in of US Tier II emissions standards begins. Tier II compliant vehicles are up to
99% cleaner than vehicles sold in the 1960s.
2004 – China introduces legislation equivalent to Euro 2 across the whole country
2004 – Johnson Matthey starts production of autocatalysts in Kitsuregawa, Japan

2005-09
2005 – Japanese emissions standards for light duty vehicles introduced. Reduction in
Particulate Matter required by 2009.
2005 – Japanese emissions standards for heavy duty diesel engines introduced with full
implementation by 2009.
2005 – Euro 4 emissions standards for light duty vehicles are introduced.
2006 – Phase-in of Stage III Euro emissions standards for non-road engines begins.
2006 – Phase-in of Tier 3 US emissions standards for non-road engines begins.
2007 – Phase-in period of US emissions standards for heavy duty diesel engines begins.
2007 – Johnson Matthey announces plan to build two new catalyst plants in Macedonia and
USA.
2008 – New catalysed soot filter manufacturing plant opens in Royston.
2008 – Johnson Matthey opens an autocatalyst facility in Korea – its fifth in the Asian
Region.

8. 2008 – Johnson Matthey finalises the acquisition of autocatalyst company Argillon.
2008 – Euro V emissions standards for heavy duty diesel engines are introduced.
2008 – Phase-in of Tier 4 US emissions standards for non-road engines is introduced.
2008 – Johnson Matthey is a finalist in the Royal Academy of Engineering’s MacRobert Award
for its Compact Catalysed Soot Filter for light duty diesel engines.
2008 – Euro 5 & 6 emissions standards for light duty vehicles are officially published.
2008 – Johnson Matthey opens an autocatalyst plant in Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
2005–08 – Euro 4 regulations and new Japanese standards will apply to new vehicle models
and will require further substantial reductions in emissions of all major pollutants,
particularly diesel particulate matter. Euro 5 regulations likely to be finalised: regulation of
vehicle emissions in countries such as China, India and Russia will increase.
2009 – Johnson Matthey wins two Queen’s Awards for Enterprise in both the Innovation and
International Trade categories.

2010-2014
2010 – New emission control catalyst manufacturing facilities are opened in Macedonia,
Smithfield in the USA and Shanghai, China. JM acquires Interact Inc, a supplier of speciality
additives to the petroleum refining industry.
2012 – Emission Control Technology products appear in the Make it in Great Britain
exhibition at the Science Museum in London. Held in the summer of 2012 the event
celebrated the importance and success of British manufacturing.
2013 – Euro VI Heavy Duty Diesel emissions legislation is introduced.
2013 – Expansion of Johnson Matthey's facilities in Macedonia.

9. 2014 – Euro 6 emission standards are introduced in September.
2014 – Expansion of Johnson Matthey's facilities in Royston begins.
2014 – Johnson Matthey wins the Queen's Awards for Enterprise in Sustainable
Development.
2014 – Johnson Matthey celebrates 40 years of autocatalyst production in Royston.
Manufacturing Sites
Johnson Matthey’s manufacturing sites around the world are dedicated to
producing world-leading products for controlling emissions from mobile and
stationary sources.
Technology Sites
Johnson Matthey’s Technology Centres around the world are dedicated to
creating world-leading products for controlling emissions from mobile and
stationary sources.
State-of-the-art equipment and analysis, along with unparalleled expertise in
catalysis, is used within customer collaborations, generic catalyst
development and contract testing operations.

10. Sustainability
Our emissions control products help contribute to sustainable development
by improving air quality around the world.
Our own environmental policies and procedures are designed to meet or
exceed relevant environmental legislation wherever our sites are located. We
seek to minimize waste and reduce emissions from our own operations by
efficient use of resources and using best available techniques.
It is our policy objective to have all production sites certified to ISO 14000 or
14001.
Johnson Matthey's Corporate Social Responsibility Review
Recycling
Recovering your Precious Metal Values
In order to make Precious Metal Catalysts viable, it is important that the PGM
(platinum group metal) content is recovered and re-used, not only for their
financial cost but for the sake of the environment.
With over 100 years of experience, Johnson Matthey is the largest global full-
service refiner of PGMs in the world, representing the world's most
comprehensive and advanced sampling and refining facilities available.
The advanced technology employed by Johnson Matthey maximizes
precious metal recovery and ensures compliance with the most stringent
environmental legislation. Johnson Matthey is ISO and NMAS accredited and
is proud of the honest approach adopted in all aspects of every refining
transaction.
No other company in the world has been as deeply involved in the evolution
of innovative precious metal recovery processes. Our investments in upgrading our facilities and creating new
technologies are testament to our commitment.
Technologies
Over the last 40 years, catalyst technology from Johnson Matthey has
contributed to an amazing reduction in emissions from passenger cars.
Johnson Matthey’s CRT®
system has been used to remove particulate matter
from the exhaust of city buses further improving the air quality in cities.

11. Catalysts are also used to clean gas streams from many industrial processes.
Catalytic exhaust aftertreatment is being used on heavy duty diesel vehicles and on large and small engines in
non-road applications.
Johnson Matthey offers catalyst technologies to control the full range of regulated emissions from vehicles,
engines and stationary sources:
Technology Gasoline (petrol) /
gas engines
Diesel / lean burn
gasoline engines
Chemical and industrial
processes
2-way (oxidation) catalysts CO, HC CO, HC, PM CO, HC, VOC
3-way (NSCR) catalysts CO, HC, NOx CO, HC, NOx
Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) NOx NOx
NOx adsorber catalysts NOx
Diesel particulate filters CO, HC, PM (diesel)
4-way (combined) diesel systems CO, HC, PM, NOx
2-way (oxidation) Catalysts
In most gas streams, carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) can be
removed by combination with oxygen (O2) using an oxidation catalyst (also
known as a 2-way catalyst):
CO + ½ O2 → CO2
[HC] + O2 → CO2 + H2O
This reaction is suitable for oxygen-rich (lean) gas streams, typical of diesel
exhaust and emissions from many industrial processes.
Many diesel particulate filter (DPF) systems incorporate an oxidation catalyst,
either as a coating on the filter or as a separate element.

12. In diesel exhaust applications, oxidation catalysts may also achieve up to 30% reduction of particulate matter
(PM) emissions.
NOx Adsorber Catalysts
NOx can be removed from a lean gas stream by chemical adsorption onto a
catalyst, hence the term NOx adsorber catalyst (NAC). The process of
adsorption releases CO2.
The NAC has a finite capacity for NOx but it can be regenerated by changing to a rich gas stream. Under these
conditions, two reactions happen. First, the catalyst releases the NOx and is thereby regenerated. Then, the
NOx is reduced to nitrogen.

13. What is a Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF)?
A diesel particulate filter (DPF) removes
particulate matter from diesel exhaust by
physical filtration. The most common type is a
ceramic (cordierite or silicon carbide)
honeycomb monolith.
The structure is like an emissions catalyst
substrate but with the channels blocked at
alternate ends. The exhaust gases must
therefore flow through the walls between the
channels and the particulate matter (PM) is
deposited on the walls.
Other filter types are available, using sintered metal plates, foamed metal
structures, fibre mats and other materials as the filtration medium.
The filtration efficiencies of diesel particulate filters is > 99% for solid
matter. Since diesel particulate matter has a non-solid portion, the total efficiency for DPM is lower than this >
90%.
A variant on these systems is the partial filter. Partial filters are not designed to be 100% efficient. They can be
designed to trap, for example, 60% of the particulate matter. The advantages are lower back pressure and a
lower risk of blocking.
All particulate filter systems include some means of regeneration.
APPLICATIONS
Cars, Vans and Light Trucks
More than 90% of new passenger vehicles are now fitted with autocatalysts,
one third of which have been supplied by Johnson Matthey.
The catalyst sits in the exhaust system, either near to the engine (close-
coupled), or further down the tailpipe (underfloor). Harmful gases are converted to harmless products in a
reaction with the precious metal-containing catalyst.
Gasoline or petrol fuelled vehicles typically use a three-way catalyst, so-called because it converts 3 pollutants,
carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) to carbon dioxide, water and nitrogen.
Conversion rates of over 90% are possible.
Diesel engines require a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) to remove CO and HC and can also reduce particulate
matter (PM) by up to 50%. More effective PM removal is achieved with diesel particulate filter (DPF) systems.
Trucks & Buses

14. Johnson Matthey offers products and technologies for the reduction of
emissions from trucks and buses. We provide catalyst and systems
technology to engine and vehicle OEMs.
We also offer a range of retrofit solutions for the owners and operators of
vehicles already in service.
The technologies offered for trucks and buses include:
for diesel - oxidation catalyst
CRT®
system
SCRT®
system
NOx adsorber catalysts (OEM systems only)
for CNG - oxidation catalyst
MARKETING STRATEGIES
1. Identifying segment specific diesel engine manufacturers in India viz. CVs, diesel PVs, off-
highway vehicles, gensets etc.
(i) Focus on customer’s future plan.
(ii) Identifying new / existing development plans.
2. Conduct technical seminars / conferences to educate customers about emission reduction
technology and products offered by Johnson Matthey.
3. Determination of total market for emission reduction products viz. DPF, NOx sensors ; volume of
Diesel PV sales are currently 50% (Approx) of total PV sales. Expected to grow by 30-35% in FY
2015-16.
4. Capitalize on replicating applications using domestic and/or international references or patents.
5. Focus upon value engineering to pitch Johnson Matthey products against competitor’s.
6. Focus upon competitor activities / development at customers.

15. SWOT ANALYSIS
SWOT Analysis
Strength
1. Strong research and development oriented product management
2. Great focus on Sustainability in its operation functions
3. Acquired subsidiaries in Australia and New Zealand and JM acquired several businesses
including printed circuit board operation increasing the portfolio
4. Diversified revenue in terms of end-market and geography
5, Nearly 10,000 employees form a part of the expert workforce
Weakness
1. Unfunded employee post-retirement benefits may put pressure on the group's liquidity
position
2. Civil penalty allegation against the company has had a blow on the reputation
Opportunity
1. Battery business of the company is boosted by the Axion business
2. Acquisition of Formox likely to strengthen JM's existing technologies for process
catalysts
3. Acquisitions improves the product portfolio of the company
Threats
1. The scare nature of the raw materials opens it to the risk of less availability of raw
material
2. Risks associated with conducting business outside the UK
3. Stringent norms associated with the patents