INTEGRATED PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT IN VEG SEED PROD

1. Dr. Arvind Nath Singh
Director
National Seed Research and Training Centre
Ministry of Agriculture & Farmer Welfare
Government of India
IPM in Vegetable Seed Production

2. Pest complex in vegetable crop
• Crops available round the year with little rotation
concept.
• High input commercial crops with quality
awareness.
• About 13-14% of total insecticide targeted to
vegetables occupying only 2-3% of crop area.

3. Insect Pests of Important Vegetables
Vegetables Recorded
No.
Key pests
Brinjal
Tomato
Okra
Cabbage
Cucurbits
Beans
53
15
36
26
58
>75
Shoot and fruit borer
Fruit borer, whitefly
Fruit borer, leaf hopper and
whitefly
Diamondback moth
Fruit fly and red pumpkin
beetle
Aphids and pod borer

4. Present scenario
 Insecticides are the main stay to prevent losses.
 Poor concept of IPM.
 Many pests have become resistant to various
insecticides.
 Insecticide residues pose problems to health and
export standards.
 Eco-friendly management packages are emerging
up.

5. INSECT
.
Exoskeleton
Small size
specification
Fecundity
Able to fly
Adaptability
Insect
Dominance

6. Control vs. Management

7. 1962 – Silent Spring – Environmental awareness of pesticides

8. Integrated Pest Management
Aim to Manage insect below ETL instead
of eradication.

9. Time
Pest
Density
Economic Injury Level
Economic Threshold
Pest Population

10. A=How much financial loss (DAMAGE) is the pest causing?
B =How much will it cost to control the pest?
A pest outbreak occurs whenever the value of "A" is
greater than the value of "B".
When A=B  ECONOMIC INJURY LEVEL (EIL)
When A>B Economic damage

11. • Pest free planting/seed
• Crop rotation
• Physical barriers
• Natural predators
• Trapping
• Genetically modified
plants
• Biological agents
• Physical removal
• Ecological
management
• Insecticides
Components of IPM

12. Integrated Pest Management

13. Deep Ploughing

14. Proper Disposal of infested part/ crop
residues

15. Treatment
Chlorpyriphos @ 2 ml/ L

16. Clipping/Removing of leaves

17. Beneficial insects
Air force
Army
Navy

18. Dragon fly

19. Chrysoperla

20. Trichogramma

21. Tricho- card

22. Neem

23. Trap

24. Pheromone trap

25. Microbial Pesticides
• Bt
• NPV

26. MODE OF ACTION OF Bt

28. Insecticide spraying

29. Proper spraying

30. 1000-1200 L / Ha 400- 600 L / Ha 350 400 L / Ha

31. Harmful effect of Insecticides.
1. Pollution- Water, Air, Soil
2. Adverse effect on plants
3. Adverse effect on animals
4. Insecticide Resistance
5. Resurgence
6. Outbreak

32. Introduction
• The ability of a significant portion of a pest
population to survive a pesticide at rates that
once killed most individuals of that population.
• A genetic change in response to selection.
• A natural process controlled by genetics and
expressed in specific biochemical processes.

33. Resistance development in insects
Insecticide application over time.
Susceptible
Resistance

34. How resistance works

35. Integrated Resistance
Management.
Resistance is sure to develop and there is
nothing we can do about it!
When we can’t change the direction of the
wind – adjust our sails!

36. 1. Mixture of insecticides
.
Application of pesticides
One + Two
Population of insect
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
SR
RR
RR
RR
RR
RR
2
RR
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
RR
2
RR
2 One removes Two removes
RR
2

37. 2.Rotation or alteration of pesticides
Pesticide A Pesticide B Pesticide A
Recovery RecoveryRecovery
Resistance

38. 3.Use of synergist.
Insecticides detoxification:
Enzymes
Insecticides Non toxic/Less toxic
1. Piperonyl butoxide
2. Piperonyl cyclonene
3. Piprotal
4. Propyl isome
5. Dietholate
6. Sulfoxide
7. Sesamex
8. Sesamolin Source: Compendium of pesticides, 2013.
Synergist

39. Time
Pest
Density
Economic Injury Level
Economic Threshold
Pest Population
4. JUDICIOUS USE OF INSECTICIDES.
Source: Dhaliwal & Arora, 2000.

40. IPM Seed Crop: Increase pollinators
• Level of pollinating activity by insect have
direct effect on seed yield.
• 334 insect species have been identified in
carrot flowers.
• 267 insect species on onion flowers in a crop
grown for seed production.

41. Thanks