The document discusses various properties of materials including mechanical, electrical, chemical, physical, thermal and other properties. It defines key terms like tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance, melting point, thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion and specific heat. Tables are included comparing properties for different materials like metals, semiconductors, insulators, plastics and composites.

1. Unit 2 Properties of Materials

2. Material Properties Dimensional Available shapes Available sizes Available surface- texture Manufacturing- tolerances Manufacturing- tolerances Stability Available sizes Plastics Metals Mechanical Tensile properties Toughness Ductility Fatigue Hardness Creep resistance Tensile properties Heat distortion Compression - strength PV Limit Toughness Chemical Composition Microstructure Phases Grain size Corrosion resistance Inclusions Composition Fillers Crystallinity Molecular weight Flammability Spatial configuration Chemical resistance Physical Melting Point Thermal Magnetic Electrical Optical Acoustic Gravimetric Color Dimensional

3. Tensile properties Compression strength Fracture toughness Hardness Tensile properties Compression strength Fracture toughness Creep resistance Available shapes Available sizes Manufacturing- tolerances Available surface- texture Available shapes Available sizes Manufacturing- tolerances Stability Composition Porosity Grain Size Crystal structure Corrosion resistance Composition (matrix/reinforcement) Matrix/reinforcement bond Volume fraction of reinforcement Reinforcement nature Corrosion resistance Ceramics Composites

4. Unit 2 Properties of Materials Mechanical Properties

5. A Model of Mechanical Properties Mechanical Properties “ INPUT” “ OUTPUT” *Slow Force* Mechanical Force (Stress) Deformation (Strain) Fracture STRENGTH HARDNESS STIFFNESS DUCTILITY Material

7. When the applied forces tends to increase the length and decrease cross-sectional area of bar. When the applied forces tends to decrease the length and increase the cross-sectional area of bar. Produce a rotational motion about the longitudinal axis of one end of the member relative to the other end. Stress Tensile Stress Compressive Stress Shear Stress Torsional Stress Opposing applied forces tending to cause one part of the material to slip or slide with respect to the other part.

8. Concept of Stress and Strain (a) Tensile load produces an elongation and positive linear strain,  = + ve (b) Compressive load produces contraction and a negative linear strain,  = - ve (c) Shear strain,  = tan  = x/L (d) Torsional deformation produced by an applied torque, T . (a) (d) (c) (b)

11. Elastic Region Plastic Region Young’s Modulus/ Modulus of Elasticity Fracture Ultimate Tensile Strength/ Tensile Strength Yield Strength,  y Stress,  (N/mm 2 ) Strain,  (%) Elasticity (Area under the curve) Proportional Limit Yield Point (Lower Yield Point) Upper Yield Point Typical Stress Strain Curve

13. The Effect of Alloys on The Yield Stress Yield Stress vs the Amount and Size of the Precipitated Particles of Niobium Carbide

14. The Effect of Various Solutes on the Yield Stress of Ferrite

15. Strength For The Various Categories of Materials Strength, N/m 2

16. Shear stress,  The shear stress τ is defined as the shear force used to distorted or deform the object. where F = load or force imposed parallel to the upper and lower faces A 0 = area parallel the applied load or force. Unit  = in N/m 2 .

18. Poisson Ratio Axial (z) elongation (positive strain) and lateral (x and y) contractions (negative strains) in response to an imposed tensile stress.

20. Modulus of Elasticity versus Temperatures (Tungsten, Steel and Aluminium)

21. Room-Temperature Elastic and Shear Moduli, and Poisson’s Ratio for Various Metal Alloys

22. Typical Mechanical Properties of Several Metals in an Annealed State, and of Commercial Purity.

23. Unit 2 Properties of Materials Electrical Properties

25. Electrical Conductivities For The Various Categories Of Materials

29. Resistivities of Typical Conductors, Semiconductors and Insulators

31. Unit 2 Properties of Materials Chemical Properties

37. Unit 2 Properties of Materials Physical Properties

40. Unit 2 Properties of Materials Thermal Properties

45. Property Comparison of Engineering Materials