Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are neurological conditions that affect learning and behavior by disrupting attention, impulse control, and executive functions in the brain. They are treatable but not curable and affect 3-6% of the population, causing inabilities to focus, stay on task, manage time well, and difficulties with reading, math, listening, and organization. Autism is a developmental disability affecting communication and social interaction, often involving repetitive behaviors and resistance to change.

1. TYPES OF DISABILITIES

2. Attention Deficit Disorder/
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder
 ADD and ADHD are neurological conditions affecting both
learning and behavior.
 They result from chronic disturbances in the areas of the
brain that regulate :
 attention
 impulse control
 executive functions, which control cognitive tasks, motor activity,
and social interactions

3. Attention Deficit Disorder/
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder
 Hyperactivity may or may not be present
 Treatable, but not curable
 affects three to six percent of the population

4. Attention Deficit Disorder/
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder
 Characteristics :
 Inability to stay on task
 Easily distracted
 Poor time management skills
 Difficulty in keeping appointments
 Reading comprehension difficulties

5. Attention Deficit Disorder/
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder
 Characteristics :
 Difficulty with math problems
 Inability to listen selectively during lectures
 Lack of organization in work
 Difficulty following directions, listening and concentrating

6. Autism
 A developmental disability significantly affecting verbal and
nonverbal communication and social interaction, generally
evident before age three.
 Characteristics associated with autism:
 engaging in repetitive activities
 resistance to environmental change or change in daily
routines
 unusual responses to sensory experiences

7. Blindness/Low Vision
 visual disabilities:
 “Totally blind”
learn via Braille or other nonvisual media
 “Legally blind”
has less than 20/200 vision

8. Blindness/Low Vision
 visual disabilities:
 “Low vision”
refers to a severe vision loss in distance and near vision
use a combination of vision and other senses to learn

9. Brain Injuries
 Brain injury may occur in many ways :
oTraumatic brain injury typically results from accidents
oinsufficient oxygen
oStroke
oPoisoning
oInfection
 Brain injury is one of the fastest growing types of disabilities,
especially in the age range of 15 to 28 years.

10. Brain Injuries
 Characteristics
o brain injuries can affect people very differently, depending on the
area(s) of the brain affected by the injury, a person may
demonstrate difficulties with:
 Organizing thoughts, cause-effect relationships, and problem-
solving
 Processing information and word retrieval
 Generalizing and integrating skills
 Social interactions
 Short-term memory
 Balance or coordination
 Communication and speech

11. Deaf/Hard of Hearing
 Characteristics
 skilled lip readers, but many are not
 also have difficulties with speech, reading and writing skills
 use speech, lip reading, hearing aids and/or amplification
systems to enhance oral communication
 use Sign Language

12. Learning Disabilities
 Learning disabilities are neurologically-based and may
interfere with the acquisition and use of listening, speaking,
reading, writing, reasoning, or mathematical skills.
 They affect the manner in which individuals with average or
above-average intellectual abilities process and/or express
information.

13. Learning Disabilities
 May be characterized by a marked discrepancy between
intellectual potential and academic achievement resulting
from difficulties with processing information.

14. Learning Disabilities
Difficulties may be seen in one or more of the following areas:
 oral and/or written expression
 reading comprehension and basic reading skills
 problem-solving
 ability to listen selectively during lectures, resulting in
problems with note-taking

15. Learning Disabilities
Difficulties may be seen in one or more of the following areas:
 mathematical calculation and reasoning
 interpreting social cues
 time management
 organization of tasks, such as in written work and/or essay
questions
 following directions and concentrating
 short-term memory

16. Medical Disabilities
Disabilities include conditions affecting one or more of the
body’s systems. These include respiratory, immunological,
neurological, and circulatory systems.

17. Medical Disabilities
 Examples
oCancer
oChronic Fatigue Syndrome
oEpilepsy/Seizure Disorder
oFibromyalgia
oLupus Erythematosus
oMultiple Sclerosis
oChemical Dependency
oDiabetes
oEpstein Barr virus
oHIV + AIDS
oMultiple Chemical
Sensitivity
oRenal Disease

18. Physical Disabilities
 A variety of physical disabilities result from congenital
conditions, accidents, or progressive neuromuscular
diseases.

19. Physical Disabilities
 These disabilities may include conditions such as :
ospinal cord injury
ocerebral palsy
ospina bifida
oamputation
omuscular dystrophy
ocardiac conditions
ocystic fibrosis
oParalysis
oPolio
ostroke

20. Psychiatric Disabilities
 refer to a wide range of behavioral and/or psychological
problems characterized by :
 Anxiety
 mood swings
 Depression
 compromised assessment of reality

21. Psychiatric Disabilities
 These behaviors persist over time; they are not in response
to a particular event. Although many individuals with
psychiatric disabilities are stabilized using medications
and/or psychotherapy, their behavior and effect may still
cycle.

22. Speech and Language
Disabilities
 may result from :
 hearing loss
 cerebral palsy
 learning disabilities
 There may be a range of difficulties from problems with
articulation or voice strength to complete absence of voice.

23. Speech and Language
Disabilities
 Included are difficulties in projection, fluency problems, such
as stuttering and stammering, and in articulating particular
words or terms.

24. THANK YOU