2. Mathematics is everywhere
(Jackman,2005) When we talked about
mathematics, we thought about 1, 2, 3 and
+, -, ×, ÷. According to Jackman (2005),
most of what we do in daily lives are
related to mathematics. There are four
types of mathematical operations, addition,
subtraction, multiplication and division.
3. Addition
• The concept of addition is to put things in 2 or more
groups together. For example, Annie has 2 apples, Ben
has 3 apples. So, Annie and Ben have 5 apples
altogether. The symbol of addition is “+”. Addition is
related to subtraction. Strategies to solve addition
problem can be reverse to solve subtraction problems.
Addition 3+2=5
+
Subtraction 5–2=3
5–3=2
4. Subtraction
Van De Walle, Karp and Bay-Williams (2010) emphasized
that “subtraction names a missing part”. For example,
Christ has 4 balloons, but 1 balloon burst. So Christ has
only 3 balloons left. As Professor Romina (2011)
mentioned, there are 3 types of subtraction but not only
‘take away’. They include take away, missing addend,
difference and comparison. The symbol of subtraction is “-".
Take away Melody has 10 pencils, she gives Kitty 5 10 – 5 = ?
pencils.
How many candy does he have left?
Missing addend Alice has 2 eggs but she needs 5 eggs 5 -2 = ?
for baking cake .
How many more eggs does she need?
Difference Sam has 4 books, Lily has 10 books. 10-4= ?
and comparison How much more does Lily than Sam?
How much less does Sam has than Lily?
5. Multiplication
Multiplication is related to addition. The concept of
multiplication is to add repeatedly or it can be explained
deeper as repeated addition of sets with the same amount
(Jamieson-proctor, 2011). The symbol of multiplication is
“×”.
One bag has 3 apples, Alin 3X4=?
has 4 bags of apples.
How many apples does
Alin has? 3 + 3 + 3 +3 = ?
6. Division
Division is separating things into equal parts. According to
MathIsFun (2011), the simple way to explain division is ‘fair
sharing’. The symbol of division is “÷”. There are 2 different
types of division, quotation and partition.
Quotation: Alan has 12 oranges, he 12 ÷ 4 =?
A small quantity is wants to give 4 oranges to
subtracted from a bigger each of his friends.
amount repeatedly to find
out the total number of How many friends can get
sets can be subtract. Ian’s oranges?
Partition: Alice wants to share her cup 10 ÷ 2= ?
Separate a number into cakes for her 2 friends and she
sets to find out how many has 10 cupcakes.
in each set.
How many chocolate will each
friend get?
