Final report

Content:
1. Introduction 1
2. The Town 2
3. Investigation & Data Collection: Ancient and old cities/town 3
4. Investigation & Data Collection: Present towns/cities 4-6
5. Investigation & Data Collection: Future and better township 7-9
6. The Odyssey 10-14
7. References list 15
8. Plan

1. Introduction
For the final assignment of Elements of Natural and Built Environments (ENBE),
we were given a task as a mayor to prepare a proposal for a new town which is
located in Malaysia. The purpose of this new town is to accommodate the
population of the current town because it is no longer live able due to pollutions
and natural disasters. Also, the new town should be able to accommodate a
population of 150,000 – 300,000 and the size of the new town is around 20 km^2
– 40km^2. It also stated in the brief that the people are Malaysian.
In order to complete this assignment, we need to understand the concept of a
towns or small cities. How they are formed and what keep them together. We
also need to figure out the vital elements that is needed for a town to be
sustainable and to prosper. Since the main function of the new town is to solve
the pollutions issues and avoid natural disasters, more attentions should be put
on how to make the new town free of pollutions and to avoid natural disasters.

2. The Town
2.1 The Town Definition
A town is a human settlement that is larger than a village but smaller than a
city. A town is a built-up area that has a name, defined boundaries and local
government.
2.2 How a town is formed.
In the medieval age, towns tended to grow around areas where people can
easily meet up such as the crossroads or rivers. Water supply is vital to a
town as it is used for washing, drinking and disposal of sewage. Also the
advance in agriculture technology that provides food for people and the
people can stay together without facing food shortage. When more people
gather, hierarchy starts to take form. A medieval town also had large fences
built around it to ensure the safeness of the town people.
2.3 What makes a good Town?
A good town fulfills all the needs of its people with complete facilities and
infrastructure. A good town has to be self-sufficient which mean the economy
of the town should not be based on natural recourses that are easily run out.
Instead, it should be based on several activities that can provide a steady
income to the locals such as manufacturing, agriculture and tourism. Good
sense of community leads to a good town. To have a good community a town
should have a decent school and university or social events. Regional
hospital and a government industry also provides stability in town income. A
good town also needs to have stable politics, economy and social.

3. Investigation & Data Collection
Ancient Towns / Cities
Derinkuyu, Turkey.
Derinkuyu is one of the largest yet oldest ancient underground cities found in
1963 located in Turkey. A wall collapsed and a passage way that leads to an
underground city that is more than 280 feet deep was founded thousands years
ago. The city has 13 stories with ventilation shafts as well as 1500 little shafts
making sure all chamber gets air. This underground city is able to hold more than
20 000 people and also contains religious center, storage, school, kitchen and
even stable. The stone used are extremely soft, so all the beam had to place
perfectly and never had any caves ins.
Strong beams will be applied when planning the new town as it is underwater
and strong structures is need because of strong pressure.
Pompeii, Rome.
The one vital factors manipulating Pompeii architecture is the subsequent
influence of different cultures, starting with Samnites, then followed by
Etruscans and Greek colonies and finally the Romans.
The earliest Samnite-Etruscan city was the western part of Pompeii with the
Forum, main temples and also the public buildings. The rigorous grid
structure of Greek cities is more evident in the Eastern part of the city, near
the amphitheater with a boulevard like parallel streets that is linked by smaller
cross street and creating a rectangular blocks of building.
A mixture of square and organic grid will be used when planning the new
town for a more organize networking.

Present Town / Cities
Hydropolis Underwater Hotel Dubai
Hydropolis Underwater Hotel and Resort Dubai was made with almost
measurement of 66 feet under the ground floor of the historical Persian Gulf and
just a few miles to Jumeirah Beach.
The Hydropolis Hotel Dubai will feature three parts which is the land post, the
connection subway and 220 suites found in the underwater leisure complex. It is
one of the biggest modern construction project in the world by having 260
hectares which is about the same size of Hyde Park of London. The underwater
hotel will be a jellyfish like structure. The underwater hotel is located 20 meters
underneath the surface of the ocean. To handle the underwater pressures, the
hotel's main structure is a dome composed of plexiglass, reinforced with concrete
and steel. In addition to the underwater suites, Hydropolis is planned to have
many other underwater accommodations including restaurants, a spa, a cinema,
a ballroom, and bars. The underwater hotel is planned to not only be a place for
regular guests, but also a place for visitors to explore. In addition to regular
guests, the underwater hotel expects 3,000 visitors per day. The design of the
land station is a wave-shaped 30,000 square meter structure. The purpose of the
land station is to provide a place for guests to board the soundless train to incline
into the hotel. Secondary purposes for the land station include greeting guests,
and use of the land station's facilities.

The land station is planned to feature many services including a marine research
laboratory, a plastic surgery clinic, conference facilities, a restaurant, and a
theater. The theater will feature films about the evolution of life and about the
history of underwater architecture. The noiseless train will be located in a 515
meter long transparent, double-track tunnel, made of plexiglass reinforced with
concrete and steel. This train will be powered by an automated cable propulsion
system. This automated cable propulsion system consists of a stationary motor
and cables with the train cars fixed to the cables. The still motor for the train
system will be located in the land station, and will be linked to cables running
down the length of the tunnel. The cars, fixed to these cables, will be moved up
and down the tunnel solely from the power of the land motor. This system is
useful because separating the motor from the train cars will decrease noise in the
tunnel. This decreases noise because the motor is the main source of noise in
this train system. With the motor separate from the train cars, noise in the cars
and tunnel will be minimized. Another benefit of this system is that a separate
motor results in less mechanical parts in the car, which also mean less repairs on
the actual train cars.
Plexiglass is a transparent thermoplastic that is lightweight and shatter-resistant
will be used as the main elements of the new town as it can withstand high
atmospheric pressure. Laser cut acrylic panels also can be used to redirect
sunglight into a light paip or tubular skylight from there it spreads into a room.

Poseidon Resort
Measuring 10m x 5.1m (33ft. x 17ft.), each undersea hotel suite comprises 51m
(550 ft.) of floor space. The suites are built as detachable stand–alone modules
that are placed when neutrally buoyant and mated to the main corridor assembly
and were built to meet American Society of Mechanical Engineers Code for
Pressure Vessels for Human Occupancy.
Each suite has an integral high–tech carbon fiber door that opens outward to
maintain the unit's watertight integrity during installation or removal. The main
corridor has a similar opposing door to insure the integrity of the complex. The
release of the module is simply accomplished by closing both doors and flooding
the space between.
Exceptional visibility is due to the use of transparent acrylic plastic (polyethyl
methacrylate), a material that has been used frequently in deep submersible and
aquarium applications over the past 20 years. The material is strong and
remarkably transparent, and its characteristics are well understood. The resort's
design takes full advantage of acrylic's ability to maximize viewing while
maintaining structural soundness.
Steel wall structures are 25 mm (1in.) plate, which follow the same curve as the
acrylic, which is 60mm (2.4in.) thick. Acrylic window sections are set into a steel
frame and are 3.05m (10ft.) in length around the curve and 1.75m (5.7ft.) wide.

Future Town / Cities
Future Design for Underwater Cities
Syph, Australia
A collection of specialized organisms function as a whole, with some pods being
industrial, energy, or food producers. Dreamed up by Arup Biomimetic, presented at the
2010 Venice Biennale and pictured above.
Sub Biosphere 2
This self-contained city would float on the surface of the ocean or hide in the depths,
and would be used for aquanauts and oceanographic life sciences. Designed by Phil
Pauley.

The Gyre, a floating underwater skyscraper
This design imagines an inverted skyscraper, diving down to a depth of 1,312 ft. (400
m) with a total floor area of 2.28 million sq. ft. (212,000 sq. m). Its four wings are big
enough to accommodate the world's biggest ships. Designed by the British Columbia-
based Zigloo in 2010.
Lady Landfill
The Lady Landfill was designed by three Serbian architects, Milorad Vidojevic, Jelena
Pucarevic and Milica Pihler for the eVolo 2011 Skyscraper Competition. The giant
skyscraper would collect and recycle the waste of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch into
an energy source.

Water-Scraper, 2010
The Malaysian Sarly Adre Sarkum's concept envisions a self-sufficient structure: it
generates its own electricity using solar, wind and wave power, has its own food farming
system and a small forest on the surface. The kinetic energy-using system of ballasts is
meant to keep the Water-Scraper upright.

6. The Odyssey
The Odyssey is a new town located Pahang. With an area of , this new town is
able to accommodate between 300 000 citizens.
Location:
Pahang, Malaysia

Kuantan, Pahang
Teluk Cempedak, Kuantan.

Teluk, Cempedak, Kuantan, Pahang.
Why is it there?
Teluk Cempedak is a famous beach in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Teluk Cempedak is
one of the major tourism area in Kuantan because of its white sandy beach and the
beautiful casuarinas and pine trees line the coast with some rocky promontories facing
the incessant waves of the South China Sea. This location is very strategic as The
Odyssey is able to enhance the needs of a tourism attraction at Teluk Cempedak as the
main economy income of this new town is tourism.
Aim:
To provide a new settlement area that is free of pollutions for the citizens to live with a
sufficient and efficient transportation and steady economy income.

Basic Information:
- Area: approx. 70km sq
- Population: 200 000
- Religion: 60% Islam 20% Buddhism 15% Christian 5% others.
- Depth below sea level: 2000-3000 m
- Economy: Tourism, Agriculture, Industrial.
Important consideration when planning the town:
- Energy efficiency
- Efficient transportation system
- Tourism attraction
- Waste managements
- Reachable public service
- Temperature control
- Oxygen generator
- LED lighting
- Indoor Air Filtration System
Sustainable / Green approaches:
- Collection of waste to produce biomass energy
- Public transportation works on Maglev ( magnetic levitation)
- Usage of underwater turbine technology
- Usage of solar panels, wind turbine

Transportation
The new town will have a railway system using Maglev concept. Maglev (derived from
magnetic levitation) is a method of transportation that uses magnetic levitation to carry
vehicles with magnets rather than with wheels, axles and bearings. With maglev, a
vehicle is levitated a short distance away from a guide way using magnets to create
both lift and propulsion. Maglev trains move more smoothly and somewhat more quietly
than wheeled mass transit systems. Their non-reliance on traction and friction means
that acceleration and deceleration can surpass that of wheeled transports, and they are
unaffected by weather. The power needed for levitation is typically not a large
percentage of the overall energy consumption, most of the power is used to overcome
air resistance (drag), as with any other high-speed form of transport. Although
conventional wheeled transportation can travel very quickly, a maglev system allows
routine use of higher top speeds than does conventional rail, and it is this type which
holds the speed record for rail transportation. Vacuum tube train systems might
hypothetically allow maglev trains to attain speeds in a different order of magnitude.
While no such tracks have been built commercially yet, there are efforts being made to
study and develop "super-maglev" trains.
Electromagnetic suspension. Electrodynamic suspension
Underwater Turbine Technology
Under water turbine is similar to wind turbine but instead of wind the ocean movements
us used to generate electricity. The turbine is mounted on the sea floor. A single turbine
can generate about 300 kilowatt each.

Reference List:
http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20130930-can-we-build-underwater-cities
http://www.underwaterhoteldubai.info/
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/video/news/video-1056171/Is-amazing-underwater-habitat-future-
home.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydropolis
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Town
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/town
http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/plaintexthistories.asp?historyid=ab25
http://en.annecy.eu/509-history-of-the-town.htm
http://www.arthistoryarchive.com/arthistory/architecture/Underwater-Condos.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwater_habitat
http://www.iflscience.com/technology/plans-unveiled-floating-future-city
http://www.poseidonresorts.com/
http://www.gutenberg.org/files/14189/14189-h/14189-h.htm
http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/CityPlan.htm
http://socserv2.socsci.mcmaster.ca/econ/ugcm/3ll3/haverfield/AncientTownplanning.pdf
http://www.earthday.org/greencities/portfolio/pioneering-underwater-turbine-technology/

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