1. ABSTRACT
An abstract is a summary of a piece of writing such as a paper, article, or book. It appears at
the beginning of the document. The main ideas from the content should be covered in the
abstract. The length of this introduction should be no more than 10% of the length of the
document, typically a paragraph about 125 words in length. The reader is introduced to the
document's chief content in the abstract. The reader will often decide whether or not to read
on after scanning the abstract.
A good abstract will include the purpose, scope, method (if appropriate), results,
recommendations, and conclusions of an article or other document. The abstract is located
directly after the title page on its own page. The heading at the top of the page is "Abstract."
The paragraph should not be indented.
An example of an effective abstract is:
This paper examines the organizational culture at Newport Business Institute in western
Pennsylvania. Newport Business Institute is a privately owned online educational institution
that has developed an organizational culture that contributes to achieving its mission.
Complimentary to Newport Business Institute's mission statement is a set of objectives or
values that set the tone for the educational organizational culture. The institute meets its
mission and objectives through an open systems approach and through empowering faculty
and students. Politics play a minor role at Newport Business Institute; however, social values,
culture, and ethics play a large role. The institute nurtures a stable, growing educational
organizational environment. (Calvano, 2011, Abstract).
REFERENCE
Calvano, B. (2011). Organizational culture. Retrieved from University of Phoenix EDD/712
Leadership in Contemporary Organization website.