TIPOS DE PÁRRAFOS - STYLES OF PARAGRAPHS

STYLES OF
PARAGRAPHS.
EAN University
Undergraduate students
Discursive Theory.
Teacher:
Sibylle Taveneau
Bogota, d.C., November 9, 2017
Students:
Irma Montenegro
Julieth Fernández
Adriana Granados
Leidy Castañeda
Guideline 4. Text level.
Activity 3. Styles of paragraphs.

styles of paragraphs
According to Henderson(2015), a paragraph is a group of
sentences, and every sentence is related to the main topic.
In addition,each paragraph has distinct sections of writing that
cover one topic.
Next, we will display the different styles of paragraphs.
Example of a text with one paragraph!
Source: Sánchez, 2017

the first one is the
intro paragraph.

Introductive
paragraph.
It is the first paragraph.
It introduces the text, in
which the author presents
the problem, raises the
thesis and, attracts the
interest of the reader.

The next paragraph
indicates the reasons
that support the thesis .

This is the connective paragraph that
supports the author's main idea. In
this paragraph the writer will
develop the different reasons that
support his claim. In here, he will
use words such as: therefore, as a
consequence, however, in addition,
last, etc.
Arguments.

The last paragraph
concludes the text

It is the summary of the of the text.
In this last paragraph, the author
leave the idea to the reader to think
about it. Present the same typology
as the introductive paragraph as well
as, to support the text.
It shows how the writer have proved
his thesis.
CONCLUDING PARAGRAPH

ARGUMENTATIVE
PARAGRAPH.
Present ideas to convince
the readers that your view
is true.

CONCEPTUAL
PARAGRAPH.
It is the paragraph to
define the meaning of terms
or ideas that will be used
in the text. Without these
definitions, the reader will
not understand clearly the
author’s ideas.
Examples:
★ Proceedings
★ Advertisements
★ Citations
★ Announcement
★ Statutes
★ Forms
★ Crafts
★ Notifications

chronologic
paragraph.
In this paragraph, the
author describes a sequence
of events in differents
dates.
• Example
• Many of the racial and ethnic groups
that live in the Hawaiian Islands
today arrived at different times in
history. Most of them came to work
as laborers on the sugar and
pineapple plantations. The first
group arrived in the 1850’s, when
the Chinese came. They were followed
by the Japanese in the 1880’s, and
then the Koreans and Filipinos in
the early 1900’s. These groups were
the last major Asian immigrants to
the islands. The immigration process
continues today, but now many
workers arrive from Mexico and
Central America. (Heinstein,2002.
Pg. 142).

ENUMERation
paragraph.
In this paragraph, the
author provides an idea to
guide the readers to follow
an orderly sequence in the
text.The idea could be
placed before or after a
list of concepts that
support a claim.

DEscriptive
paragraph.
In this section, the author
provides detail information
about places, people, ideas
or situations that will be
named in the text. However,
this information should have
a logical order that goes
from general details to
specific details, from the
past to the present or vice
versa.
Example
• On one corner of my dresser sits a
smiling toy clown on a tiny unicycle―a
gift I received last Christmas from a
close friend. The clown's short yellow
hair, made of yarn, covers its ears but
is parted above the eyes. The blue eyes
are outlined in black with thin, dark
lashes flowing from the brows. It has
cherry-red cheeks, nose, and lips, and
its broad grin disappears into the
wide, white ruffle around its neck. The
clown wears a fluffy, two-tone nylon
costume. The left side of the outfit is
light blue, and the right side is red.

EXPLANATORY
PARAGRAPH.
It is a paragraph that
explains a concept rather
than present arguments.
Develop the topic that has
been presented
Example:
Going to college can be expensive.
First, college tuition and room and
board can cost anywhere from $2,000 to
more than $10,000 per semester. Other
expenses make going to college even
more expensive. For example, books
typically cost between $100 and $500
each term. Second, materials are also
very expensive. Paper, notebooks,
writing utensils, and other supplies
required often cost more at the
college bookstore than at any local
discount department store. For
instance, a package of notepaper
costing $2 at a discount store might
cost $5 at a college
bookstore.(Writing, 2017)

EXPOSITORY
PARAGRAPH.
Where you can find
information organized
it provides information, and
it can be:
● informative
● cause and effect
● comparison / contrast
Example
Story
Fable

NARRATIVE
PARAGRAPHS.
It gives the information
with a temporal order,
events, actions.
Tells a story with sequence
of activity
Example
I remember when I first arrived in
the United States. Even before the
plane landed, the little windows in
the airplane revealed snow and ice-
covered houses and buildings. As I
walked off the plane, cold air crept
though the corrugated ramp that led
to the airport terminal. Some people
inside the airport were wearing big
coats and hats, which I had seen on
television, but never up close. I
felt a little dizzy and needed to sit
down, and then my cell phone rang.
(Sánchez,1999.P.12)

ACCORDING WITH ITS
LOGICAL STRUCTURE.

COMPARison PARAGRAPH.
It is when you find some
expressions of similarities
or differences that exist
between two objects or
phenomena.
Example:
My hometown and my college town
have several things in common.
First, both are small rural
communities. For example, my
hometown, Gridlock, has a
population of only about 10,000
people. Similarly, my college
town, Subnormal, consists of about
11,000 local residents. This
population swells to 15,000 people
when the college students are
attending classes. (Toefl,2000).

Paragraph OF CAUSE - EFFECT.
It presents an action
followed by the reasons that
caused it or, by the
consequences that derive
from it.
Example.
In recent decades, cities have
grown so large that now about 50%
of the Earth's population lives in
urban areas. There are several
reasons for this occurrence.
First, the increasing
industrialization of the
nineteenth century resulted in the
creation of many factory jobs,
which tended to be located in
cities. These jobs, with their
promise of a better material life,
attracted many people from rural
areas. Second, there were many
schools established to educate the
children of the new factory
laborers.

PROBLEM / SOLUTION PARAGRAPH.
It has two parts:
1. Presents a concrete
problem.
2. It gives the solution
for them.
Example.
Energy is created by burning fossil
fuels -- coal, natural gas and oil. The
problem with this is that these
resources are finite. At the current
rate of use, it is expected that the
world will run out of fossil fuels in
thirty to forty years to come. As a
result, it will no longer be possible to
generate power to operate factories and
vehicles or to light and heat houses.
This world-wide problem can be resolved
through the implementation of two
possible solutions. The first solution
is to improve conservation efforts. In
order to do this, governments can try to
raise public awareness, discourage over-
consumption and encourage recycling.
(Writing, 2017).

sequence/process paragraph.
Describe some process and
sequences in order.
● Example.
● How to Make a Good Cup of Tea
Making a good cup of tea is exquisitely
simple. First, the teapot is heated by
filling it with water that has just come
to a boil. This water is then discarded,
and one teaspoon of loose tea per cup is
placed in the teapot (the exact amount
may vary according to taste). Fresh water
that has just come to a boil is poured
into the pot. A good calculation is six
ounces of water for each cup of tea. The
tea must now steep for three to five
minutes; then it is poured through a
strainer into a cup or mug. (Scarry,
2011).

Deductive paragraph.
The principal idea is at the
beginning.
For its construction, it
starts with a generalization
so, after present specific
cases.
Example.
premise: all dogs are animals
evidence: Fido is a dog
conclusion: Fido is an
animal.

INDUCTIVE PARAGRAPH.
The principal idea is in the
last part.
begins with either evidence
or reasons leading to the
statement of the Writer’s
claim at the end of the
paragraph.
“conclusion-oriented”.
Example
Oceans have ingredients which can
benefit human health. Several
important medical treatments are based
on chemicals discovered in marine
animals. On the other hand,
increasingly common phenomena such as
harmful algal blooms have demonstrated
their negative impact on human health.
The health of marine ecosystems is
affected by human activities such as
pollution, global warming, and over
fishing. But at the same time, human
health depends on thriving ocean
ecosystems. We need a better
understanding of the many ways marine
organisms affect human health, both
positively by providing drugs and bio-
products, and negatively by causing
human ailments. (Inedu,2012).

concluding paragraph.
It is to close a topic or
section.
it begins with expressions
such as the following: in
conclusion, in synthesis,
from all the above we can
conclude that, consequently,
etc.
Example:
...characterize air travel. Most
important, they would help
prevent terrorists from high
jacking American Planes. At the
same time, by making racial
profiling unnecessary, these
cards would help protect
personal and civil liberties of
Americans. Only by instituting a
national ID card system can the
U.S. Conclude that the
terrorists who attacked the
United States did not hijack the
liberties that are so precious
to us. (College writers,2007).

CONCLUSIONS.
In the development of this work, we learned to identify
the types of paragraph and, we will able to differentiate
classes of readings and how should be write.
At the same time, we have practised the difference
between the differents paragraphs class.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Cervera, A. (2007). Proceso de escritura: organización construcción textual – Modelos de textos
según la modalidad: narración y descripción. Saber escribir, Bogotá: Aguilar. ).
Collings. Paragraphs. Available in https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/paragraph
Slide players. Understanding Paragraphs. Available in
http://slideplayer.com/slide/6419806/
Grammar. What is a paragraph?. Available in
http://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/paragraph.htm

Writing. The introductory paragraphs. Available in.
http://www.writing.ucsb.edu/faculty/donelan/intro.html
Learn American English. Narrative paragraphs. Available in.
https://www.learnamericanenglishonline.com/Write_in_English/WL12_narrative_paragraphs.html
Time four writing. Expository paragraphs. Available in.
https://www.time4writing.com/articles-about-writing/expository-paragraphs/
Rethric. Organizing Paragraphs Inductively and Deductively. Available in.
https://www.ln.edu.hk/eng/rhetoric/Paragraph%20Development/Paragraph05.html
Mesacc blog. Conclusion paragraphs. Available in.
https://www.mesacc.edu/~paoih30491/Conclusionpgphs.html
Ruiz, C. (s.f.). Estructura y coherencia textual. Available in http://bit.ly/2bNaMHT

Santos, J. (2012). Tipos de párrafo. El Cid Editor. (available in Elibro).
Universidad de la Habana. (2011). Taller de Redacción y estilo. La Habana: Editorial
Universitaria. (available in Elibro).
Vera, A. (2010). Fundamentos de sintaxis. UNED – Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia.
(available in Elibro).
Centro Virtual Cervantes. (s.f.). Estructuras Textuales. Available in http://bit.ly/2bpet7a
Materiales de Lengua y Literatura. (s.f.). La descripción. Ejercicios. Available in
http://bit.ly/2bWx5Id
Materiales de Lengua y Literatura. (s.f.). Los textos narrativos. Ejercicios. Available in
http://bit.ly/2bWx5Id
Pérez, M. (s.f.). Conectores para la producción textual. hAvailable in ttp://bit.ly/2bpfLz1

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