What type of research uses numeric measurement data? (Points : 3) Quantitative research uses numeric measurement data. Question 2. 2. What type of research uses a research hypothesis? (Points : 3) Statistics and Probability Question 3. 3. What type of research does not use statistical data analysis? (Points : 3) Question 4. 4. What type of research preempts all other types of research endeavors? (Points : 3) Statistical Research Question 5. 5. Business research is a type of ________________ inquiry. (Points : 3) Question 6. 6. What are the three main types of non-probability sampling used in business research? (Points : 3) Question 7. 7. In a situation where in a confidence level .01 what percent of the measurement results are left to chance? (Points : 3) Question 8. 8. What is the most important ingredient in a statistical testing procedure? (Points : 3) Question 9. 9. If a production manager wanted to determine whether or not the first shift was processing more widgets than the second shift, what type of statistical process would be used? (Points : 3) Question 10. 10. What type of t test seeks to determine whether or not a relationship exists in one sample over two conditions? _______________ (Points : 3) Question 11. 11. Which of the examples below represent the Ratio level of scaling? A) A high temperature of 83 degrees Fahrenheit B) A survey result that 24 students work full time, 36, part time. C) Bill is consistently rated most effective communicator of his group. D) Gallup says that 60% of the voters support the incumbent. E) Pick up three pounds of ground beef please. F) Patty acts as expected based on her first-born family position. G) Seattle at an altitude of 67 feet is higher than Death Valley at an altitude of – 120. H) The door is 37 inches wide, the door frame is 36 inches wide. (Points : 3) B, C and F D, E and G C, F and H A, E and H Question 12. 12. Select those issues that only relate to selecting a specific statistical test. (Do not select items common to all tests or not applying to statistical tests.) (Points : 3) The distribution (shape) of the population (e.g., normal, skewed, flat, etc.) The measurement scale/nature of the data being evaluated (nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio) The size of the population (assuming it is much larger than any samples) The level of significance (_) you wish to place on the test results Whether you have matched/related or unmatched/unrelated samples The degrees of freedom (sample size) associated with your sample(s) The statement of the null and research hypotheses Whether the sample was stratified or not Question 13. 13. Which of the following apply to Populations? A) parameter B) “Roman” letters, i.e.: x, s C) A bounded, defined.

1. What type of research uses numeric measurement data? (Points :
3)
Quantitative research uses numeric measurement data.
Question 2. 2. What type of research uses a research
hypothesis? (Points : 3)
Statistics and Probability
Question 3. 3. What type of research does not use statistical
data analysis? (Points : 3)
Question 4. 4. What type of research preempts all other types
of research endeavors? (Points : 3)
Statistical Research
Question 5. 5. Business research is a type of
________________ inquiry. (Points : 3)

2. Question 6. 6. What are the three main types of non-probability
sampling used in business research? (Points : 3)
Question 7. 7. In a situation where in a confidence level .01
what percent of the measurement results are left to chance?
(Points : 3)
Question 8. 8. What is the most important ingredient in a
statistical testing procedure? (Points : 3)
Question 9. 9. If a production manager wanted to determine
whether or not the first shift was processing more widgets than
the second shift, what type of statistical process would be used?
(Points : 3)
Question 10. 10. What type of t test seeks to determine whether
or not a relationship exists in one sample over two conditions?
_______________ (Points : 3)

3. Question 11. 11.
Which of the examples below represent the Ratio level of
scaling?
A) A high temperature of 83 degrees Fahrenheit
B) A survey result that 24 students work full time, 36, part
time.
C) Bill is consistently rated most effective communicator of his
group.
D) Gallup says that 60% of the voters support the incumbent.
E) Pick up three pounds of ground beef please.
F) Patty acts as expected based on her first-born family
position.
G) Seattle at an altitude of 67 feet is higher than Death Valley
at an altitude of – 120.
H) The door is 37 inches wide, the door frame is 36 inches
wide.
(Points : 3)
B, C and F
D, E and G
C, F and H
A, E and H
Question 12. 12. Select those issues that only relate to
selecting a specific statistical test. (Do not select items common
to all tests or not applying to statistical tests.) (Points : 3)

4. The distribution (shape) of the population (e.g., normal,
skewed, flat, etc.)
The measurement scale/nature of the data being evaluated
(nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio)
The size of the population (assuming it is much larger
than any samples)
The level of significance (_) you wish to place on the test
results
Whether you have matched/related or
unmatched/unrelated samples
The degrees of freedom (sample size) associated with
your sample(s)
The statement of the null and research hypotheses
Whether the sample was stratified or not
Question 13. 13.
Which of the following apply to Populations?
A) parameter
B) “Roman” letters, i.e.: x, s
C) A bounded, defined complete group (people, objects, etc.)
having something in common to be described in its totality
D) “Greek” letters, i.e.: μ, σ
E) One or more subsets of a larger defined group, used to
represent the larger group
F) 170 Republicans selected randomly from King County voter
records
G) All Democrats in the state of Washington (totality)
(Points : 3)
A, B, E

5. B, C, D
C, D, G
E, F, G
Question 14. 14.
As an Argosy student, you are designing a training program to
help develop team cohesiveness in a healthcare facility. You
have a before and after test which measures behaviors
indicating team cohesiveness. For this scenario, which of the
following represents the Null hypothesis?
A) H1: There is a significant difference in the teaming behavior
before and after the training.
B) H0: There is no significant difference in the teaming
behavior before and after the
training.
C) H1: There is no significant difference in the teaming
behavior before and after the
training.
D) H0: There is a significant difference in the teaming behavior
before and after the training
(Points : 3)
H1: There is a significant difference in the teaming
behavior before and after the training.
H0: There is no significant difference in the teaming
behavior before and after the training.
H1: There is no significant difference in the teaming
behavior before and after the training.
H0: There is a significant difference in the teaming
behavior before and after the training

6. Question 15. 15. The sole purpose of business research is to
increase profit margins? (Points : 1)
True
False
Question 16. 16. When conducting business research the
investigator must make his/her opinions known about possible
results? (Points : 1)
True
False
Question 17. 17. When one is conducting business research the
most important factor is developing a reasonable researchable
question? (Points : 1)
True
False
Question 18. 18. Business research should always begin with an
alternate hypothesis? (Points : 1)
True
False

7. Question 19. 19. The null hypothesis states that a difference,
effect or relationship exists in a research situation? (Points : 1)
True
False
Question 20. 20. The confidence level expresses the degree of
certainty that an interval will include the actual value of the
population parameter? (Points : 1)
True
False
Question 21. 21. Calculation: The mean price of 5 items is
$7.00. The prices of the first four items are $6.50, $8.00,
$5.50 and $6.00. How much does the fifth item cost? (Points :
4)
Question 22. 22. Calculation: The range of a set of numbers is
1,362. The greatest number is 2,172. What is the least number?
(Points : 4)

8. Question 23. 23. Calculation: The mean of a set of 7 numbers is
13. What is the sum of the numbers? (Points : 4)
Question 24. 24. Calculation: Find the mode of the following
test scores: 89, 78, 91, 82, 75, 89, 84, 95, 89, 93 (Points : 4)
Question 25. 25. Calculation: The mean of a set of data is
174.25 and the sum of the data is 1,394. How many numbers are
in the set? (Points : 4)
Question 26. 26. Calculation: The grade point averages of 10
students are listed below. Find the median grade point average.
3.15, 3.62, 2.54, 2.81, 3.97, 1.85, 1.93, 2.63, 2.50, 2.80
(Points : 4)

9. Question 27. 27. Calculation: Given the following raw scores,
calculate the following values: Range, Variance and Standard
Deviation, show your calculations:
Scores: 9, 7, 8, 4, 8, 8,7, 8, 9, 6, 3 (Points : 5)
Question 28. 28. A large mass of data can best be summarized
pictorially by means of: (Points : 3)
the range
a histogram
the frequency table
mean and standard deviation
Question 29. 29. For a symmetric distribution, the mean and
median are (Points : 3)
the same
always different
possibly the same, possibly different
insufficient information.
Question 30. 30. A distribution of 6 scores has a median of 21.
If the highest score increases 3 points, the median will become
(Points : 3)
21

10. 21.5
24
Cannot be determined without additional information
none of these
Question 31. 31. If you are told a population has a mean of 25
and a variance of 0, what must you conclude? (Points : 3)
Someone has made a mistake.
There is only one element in the population.
There are no elements in the population.
All the elements in the population are 25.
None of the above.
Question 32. 32. Which of the following measures of central
tendency tends to be most influenced by an extreme score?
(Points : 3)
median
mode
mean
Question 33. 33. Which of the following is not a measure of
central tendency? (Points : 3)
mean
median

11. mode
standard deviation
none of these
Question 34. 34. A graphical presentation may accomplish ALL
BUT which of the following objectives? (Points : 3)
Illustrate the amount of variation in the data.
Illustrate approximately where the mean is
Allow comparison with similar data
Will have the exact same shape regardless of what units
are used on the axes.
Question 35. 35. A coach in a large high school thinks that
ballet training will improve the batting performance of his
baseball team. He decides to have a randomly selected half of
the team take six weeks of ballet training before the baseball
season begins, while the other half does not take such training.
He will then compare the season batting averages of group A
(those with ballet training) and group B (those without ballet
training) by comparing the mean of group A with the mean of
group B.
An independent variable is: (Points : 3)
ballet training
batting average
runs batted in
the size of the school

12. the grades the players make in the ballet school
Question 36. 36. Word Problems: Based on the data set
provided, provide a substantive narrative explanation of the
process involved in creating the frequency distribution table and
the frequency histogram. Provide as much detail as possible.
The following data represent scores of 50 students in an
applied business statistics test.
72 72 93 70 59 78 74 65 73 80
57 67 72 57 83 76 74 56 68 67
74 76 79 72 61 72 73 76 67 49
71 53 67 65 100 83 69 61 72 68
65 51 75 68 75 66 77 61 64 74
(Points : 4)
Question 37. 37. Word Problems: Compute the sample mean,
sample median X(M), sample range, and sample variance.
The following data represent scores of 50 students in an
applied business statistics test.
72 72 93 70 59 78 74 65 73 80
57 67 72 57 83 76 74 56 68 67
74 76 79 72 61 72 73 76 67 49
71 53 67 65 100 83 69 61 72 68

13. 65 51 75 68 75 66 77 61 64 74
(Points : 4)
Question 38. 38. Word Problem: Does the data set represent a
sample or a population? If it is a sample, describe the
population from which it has been drawn.
The following data represent scores of 50 students in an
applied business statistics test.
72 72 93 70 59 78 74 65 73 80
57 67 72 57 83 76 74 56 68 67
74 76 79 72 61 72 73 76 67 49
71 53 67 65 100 83 69 61 72 68
65 51 75 68 75 66 77 61 64 74
(Points : 4)
Question 39. 39. Word Problems: The number of widgets
produced by 9 employees in an eight hour shift is recorded as:
135, 120, 116, 119, 121, 125, 135, 131, 123
Find the mean number of widgets produced. (Points : 3)

14. Question 40. 40. Word Problems: The number of widgets
produced by 9 employees in an eight hour shift is recorded as:
135, 120, 116, 119, 121, 125, 135, 131, 123
What is the range of widgets produced given in the problem
presented above? (Points : 3)
Question 41. 41. Word Problems: The number of widgets
produced by 9 employees in an eight hour shift is recorded as:
135, 120, 116, 119, 121, 125, 135, 131, 123
What is the mode of the number of widgets produced presented
above? (Points : 3)
Question 42. 42. Word Problems: The number of widgets
produced by 9 employees in an eight hour shift is recorded as:
135, 120, 116, 119, 121, 125, 135, 131, 123
What is the median of the number of widgets produced
presented above? (Points : 3)
Question 43. 43. Critical Thinking: Two workers on the same
job show the following results over a long period of time.

15. Worker A
Worker B
Mean time of completing the job (minutes)
30
25
Standard deviation (minutes)
6
4
Which worker appears to be more consistent in the time he
requires to complete the job? Explain.
(Points : 5)
Question 44. 44. Critical Thinking: Two workers on the same
job show the following results over a long period of time.
Worker A
Worker B
Mean time of completing the job (minutes)
30
25

16. Standard deviation (minutes)
6
4
Which worker appears to be faster in completing the job?
Explain.
(Points : 5)
Question 45. 45. Critical Thinking: Explain the differences
between longitudinal and cross sectional business research
studies.
(Points : 10)
Question 46. 46. Critical Thinking: Suppose the manager of a
plant is concerned with the total number of man-hours lost due
to accidents for the past 12 months. The company statistician
has reported the mean number of man-hours lost per month but
did not keep a record of the total sum. Should the manager
order the study repeated to obtain the desired information?
Explain your answer clearly. (Points : 10)
Question 47. 47. Critical Thinking: Explain why histograms
and frequency polygons are used in business statistics. (Points :

17. 10)
Question 48. 48. Critical Thinking: Which two types of
probability sampling are best suited for business research and
statistical data analysis, and why? (Points : 10)
Question 49. 49. Critical Thinking: What is the difference
between a null hypothesis and an alternate hypothesis? (Points :
10)
Question 50. 50. Critical Thinking: Explain what is meant by
the critical value of a statistical value. (Points : 10)
Question 51. 51. Critical Thinking: What is the difference
between a t test for independent means and a correlated t test?
(Points : 10)

18. Question 52. 52. Critical Thinking: Explain the .05 confidence
level. (Points : 10)
Question 53. 53. Critical Thinking: How is a research question
similar to a research hypothesis? (Points : 10)
Question 54. 54. Critical Thinking: Describe each of the
following statistical terms, and where applicable, define with
the appropriate equation: Range, Variance, Standard Deviation
(Points : 10)
Question 55. 55. Critical Thinking: Give a brief definition and
an example of the following:
a. Descriptive Statistics
b. Inferential Statistics (Points : 10)
Question 56. 56. Critical Thinking: What does the correlation
coefficient r describe? What about r squared? (Points : 10)

19. Question 57. 57. Critical Thinking: Describe some of the issues
or concerns (at least three) which would be addressed in
deciding how to perform a statistical test of a hypothesis:
(Points : 15)
Question 58. 58. Critical Thinking: Discuss the implications of:
magnitude (from 0 to 1); sign ( + or -); and probability versus
causality for the Correlation Coefficient (also known as the
Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient). (Points : 15)
Question 59. 59. Critical Thinking: Describe how you would
develop a random sample from among Argosy students (Points :
15)