Techniques to resist earthquake Energy dissipation device Bracing Isolation Bands Shear walls

1. Presented by, Guided by,
AKSHAY KUMAR V V Prof. SAJEEB R
7107
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2.  Earthquakes constitute one of the worst natural hazards
which often turn into disaster causing widespread destruction
and loss to human life.
 The effects of earthquake vary upon the magnitude and
intensity. Earthquakes occur every now and then all round the
world, except in some places where earthquakes occur rarely.
 No structure on the planet can be constructed 100%
earthquake proof, Only its resistance to earthquake can be
increased.
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3.  An Earthquake is the result of a sudden release of
energy in the earth’s crust that creates seismic waves.
Nepal earthquake(2015)
(Source:http://www.eqclearinghouse.org/)
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4. Bhuj earthquake(2001)
(Source:http://bhujbolechhe.org)
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5.  Roll of Inertial Force,
F=M*a
Effect of Inertia in a building when shaken at its base.
(Source: www.nicee.org/EQTips.php)
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6. 1. Energy dissipation device
2. Bracing
3. Isolation
4. Bands
5. Shear walls
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7.  Its also called Dampers.
 Dampers act like hydraulic shock absorbers.
 Which absorb vibrations caused due to earthquakes.
 Usually for protecting tall buildings.
 Reduces the swaying of buildings.
 Installed along with Bracings
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8.  Viscous Dampers
 Friction Dampers
 Yielding Dampers
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9. (Source: www.nicee.org/EQTips.php)
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10.  Braced frames are prevalently utilized as
lateral load resisting system.
 Bracing is usually seen with two digonal
supports placed in an X shaped manner.
 Steel cables can be used for bracing.
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11. Single Diagonals
(Source:www.slideshare.net)
Cross bracing
(Source:www.slideshare.net)
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12. John Hancock Tower in chicago
(Source:www.nexus.globalquakemodel.org)
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13.  New kind of energy dissipating frame
 Energy absorbing fuse
 Provide excellent ductility and lateral stiffness.
 Timber pieces and mild steel are used
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14. Knee bracings
(source:www.ideers.bris.ac.uk)
Knee bracings
(source:httpsembed.widencdn.net)
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15.  Base isolated structure is supported by a series of
bearing pads which are placed between building and
building foundation.
 Principle is easy and widely used.
 The main feature of the base isolation technology is
that it introduces flexibility in the structures.
 Reduce the building acceleration by ¼ the acceleration
of fixed base building
 Base Isolation Using tyre pads is an economical
method.
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Seismic base isolation pads using scrap automobile tires
(Source:www.sefindia.org/forum/files/low)

18. Pasadena city hall
(Source:www.cityofpasadena.net)
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19.  CITY OF PAS
CITY OF PASADENA(USA)
(Source:www.clarkconstruction.com)
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20.  Horizontal bands are the most important
earthquake-resistant feature in masonry
buildings
 They hold a masonry building as a single unit
by tying all the walls together
 There are Four types of bands in a typical
masonry building,
Gable band, Roof band, Lintel band and Plinth
band
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Horizontal Bands in masonry building
(Source: www.nicee.org/EQTips.php)

22. (Source: www.nicee.org/EQTips.php)
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23. The 1993 Latur Earthquake(Central India)-one masonry house in Killari village had horizontal
lintel band and sustained the shaking without damage
(Source: Murty.C.V.R, 2015)
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24.  Vertically oriented wide beams
 It carries seismic loads down to the bottom of
foundation
 Provides large strength and stiffness to buildings
 Thickness generally varies from 150mm to 400mm in
high rise buildings
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25. Reinforced concrete shear walls in buildings Types of shear walls
(Source: Murty.C.V.R, 2015) (Source: Murty.C.V.R, 2015)
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26. Two-storey building with multiple Two-storey building with multiple
load paths in X direction load paths in Y direction
(Source:www.recoveryplatform.org)
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27. Reinforcement details of RC walls
(Source:www.recoveryplatform.org)
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28.  The work in the field of earthquake resistant techniques is very
important to have safe structures.
 Techniques for earthquake resistance is not strengthen the
building, but to reduce the earthquake generated forces acing
upon it.
 Effects made by the Earthquake mainly depends on
acceleration of base and mass of building.
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29.  Cancellara.D, Angelis.F.D (2016), Assessment and dynamic nonlinear analysis of
different base isolation systems for a multi-storey RC building irregular in
plan,Computers and Structures, 79(Article in press).
 Fateh.A, Hejazi.F, Jaafar.M.S, Karim.I.A (2016), Design of a variable stiffness bracing
system: Mathematical modeling, Fabrication and dynamic analysis, Soil Dynamics and
Earthquake Engineering, 80: 87-101.
 Nobahar.E, Farahi.M, Mofid.M (2016),Quantification of seismic performance factors of
the buildings consisting of disposable knee bracing frames, Journal of Constructional
Steel Research, 124: 132-141.
 Murty.C.V.R(2015), Learning Earthquake Design and Construction, Earthquake tips,
(www.nicee.org/EQTips.php).
 Yun-tian Wu, Dao Y.K,Yeong .B.Y (2016), Seismic performance of steel and concrete
composite shear walls with embedded steel truss for use in high-rise buildings ,
Engineering Structures, 125: 39-53.
 www.nexus.globalquakemodel.org
 http://greenfieldgeography.wikispaces.com/Before+the+event
 https://nees.org/resources
 http://www.sefindia.org/forum/files/low_1_464.pdf
 www.recoveryplatform.org
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