1. In Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, what is the termused for the drive to become what one is capable of becoming? A. Perfection B. Self-esteem C. Hypo-glorification D. Self-actualization 2. Ayesha has already presented two excellent reports. Thereport she has just presented is clearly not as good as the first two reports, yetshe is given the same high grade as before. What shortcut has the teacher used in thiscase? A. The contrast effect B. Stereotyping C. The halo effect D. Projection 3. Ali has just presented his paper and has done a reallygood job. Why should you not want to present your own paper directly after he does? A. To avoid the stereotyping effect B. To avoid the contrast effect C. To avoid the halo effect D. To avoid the projection effect 4. Desires for associations with those who are significantto us, such as family members, friends and colleagues are examples of which ofthe following Alderfer’s needs? A. Relatedness B. Existence C. Association D. Esteem 5. Which of Maslow’s needs best approximatesMcClelland’s need for achievement? A. Esteem B. Self-actualization C. Social D. Physiological 6. An individual, who joins the armed services out of adesire to be involved in an enterprise that requires a high degree of cooperation forsuccess, probably would have high: A. Need For Achievement B. Need for power C. Need for affiliation D. Need for growth 7. Which of the following appears to be the combination ofneeds found in the best managers? A. High need for achievement, high need for Power B. High need for achievement, low need for Power C. Low need for Power, high need for achievement D. High need for Power, low need for Affiliation 8. What is generally considered to be the single best thingthat managers can do to improve performance? A. Set specific, challenging goals to be achieved B. Give abundant opportunities for employee growth C. Allocate tasks depending onemployees’ personality D. Restrict the use of punishment for motivatingworkers 9. MBO emphasizes translating overall organizationalobjectives into: A. Capital and personal gains B. Specific objectives C. Operational units D. Easy and understandable 10. What does MBO provide for the individual employee? A. Precise job descriptions B. Opportunity to earn higher salaries C. Specific personal performance objectives D. Guidance related to their career path 11. Which of the following is NOT a predictable choice whenemployees perceive an inequity? A. Change their inputs B. Change their outcomes C. Choose a different referent D. Acquire more tenure 12. Which of the following concepts is INCONSISTENT with theexpectancy theory of motivation? A. Performance and rewards are related B. Attractive rewards will motivate employees C. One’s inputs and outputs are compared toanother’s D. Effort is based upon expectation of appraisal 13. You graduated from college two years ago and began workingat Omega Electronics. You have received good performance evaluations anda raise. You just found out t.

1. 1. In several sentences, please discuss:
(a) what TMDLs are and how they are determined.
(b) at least three reasons why ammonia-nitrogen is detrimental to a receiving body of water (e.g.
stream)
and its inhabitants.
(c) why “dead zones” (e.g. in Gulf of Mexico) have little to no dissolved oxygen.
2. BOD determinations:
(a) Two water samples both have a BOD5 of 275.0 mg/L, however their k values are 0.0075 1/d
and 0.095 1/d,
respectively. What is the maximum BOD exerted by both water samples (ultimate BOD)?
(b) Why is this result important (hint: what does it mean if you want to compare a sample of
industrial
wastewater with that of municipal wastewater)?
(c) In several sentences, please discuss what the Streeter-Phelps dissolved oxygen (DO) sag
curve is?
(d) What management strategies can be in water quality management in rivers with respect to the
DO sag
curve?
3. In several sentences, please discuss:
(a) the difference between MCL and MCLG.
(b) what disinfection byproducts are and why we are concerned about them in drinking water
treatment
plants. Please provide some examples of them.
4. Shown below are the results of water quality analyses of Crater Lake at Mount Mazama,
Oregon. If the water
is treated with 40.00 mgl-1 of alum for turbidity coagulation, how much alkalinity will remain?
constituent expressed as mgl-1
total hardness CaCO3 28.0
calcium hardness CaCO3 19.0
magnesium hardness CaCO3 9.0
total iron Fe 0.02
sodium Na 11.0
total alkalinity CaCO3 29.5
chloride Cl 12.0
sulfate SO4 12.0

2. silica SiO2 18.0
total dissolved solids 83.0
pH 7.2
Solution
what TMDLs are and how they are determined
A TMDL (Total Maximum Daily Load) establishes the maximum amount of an impairing
substance or stressor that a waterbody can assimilate and still meet WQSs and allocates that load
among pollution contributors.
TMDLs are a tool for implementing State water quality standards. They are based on the
relationship between pollution sources and in-stream water quality conditions.
TMDL addresses a single pollutant or stressor for each waterbody.
A TMDL is the sum of the allowed pollutant loads for point sources, non-point sources,
projected growth and a margin of safety.
TMDL = Point Sources + Nonpoint Sources + Projected Growth + Margin of Safety
Load allocations are determined through the review of monitoring data and watershed modeling.
The tools used depends upon the complexity of the problem.
at least three reasons why ammonia-nitrogen is detrimental to a receiving body of water (e.g.
stream)and its inhabitants.
Nitrogen is an essential ingredient in the formation of proteins for cell growth. From complex
organisms like animals to the simple bacteria used to treat wastes in an activated sludge
treatment facility, every living thing needs some form of nitrogen to survive.
But too much nitrogen freely available in the environment can be a bad thing –
1. Excess nitrogen discharged into our waterways can contribute to eutrophication, the gradual
change of water bodies into marshes, meadows, then forests.
2. It can also contribute to massive algae blooms leading to oxygen depletion in water and its
associated problems. Certain forms of nitrogen can cause specific problems too.
3. Ammonia is toxic to fish, and nitrates at high enough dosages in the drinking water cause
methemoglobinemia in infants (Nitrates convert to nitrites in the stomach. These nitrites then
interfere with the oxygen-carrying capacity of the hemoglobin in blood).
why “dead zones” (e.g. in Gulf of Mexico) have little to no dissolved oxygen.
Dead zones are hypoxic (low-oxygen) areas in the world's oceans and large lakes, caused by
"excessive nutrient pollution from human activities coupled with other factors that deplete the
oxygen required to support most marine life in bottom and near-bottom water. (NOAA)."[2] In
the 1970s oceanographers began noting increased instances of dead zones. These occur near

3. inhabited coastlines, where aquatic life is most concentrated. (The vast middle portions of the
oceans, which naturally have little life, are not considered "dead zones".)
Less oxygen dissolved in the water is often referred to as a “dead zone” because most marine life
either dies, or, if they are mobile such as fish, leave the area. Habitats that would normally be
teeming with life become, essentially, biological deserts.
Hypoxic zones can occur naturally, but scientists are concerned about the areas created or
enhanced by human activity. There are many physical, chemical, and biological factors that
combine to create dead zones, but nutrient pollution is the primary cause of those zones created
by humans. Excess nutrients that run off land or are piped as wastewater into rivers and coasts
can stimulate an overgrowth of algae, which then sinks and decomposes in the water. The
decomposition process consumes oxygen and depletes the supply available to healthy marine
life.
Dead zones occur in many areas of the country, particularly along the East Coast, the Gulf of
Mexico, and the Great Lakes, but there is no part of the country or the world that is immune. The
second largest dead zone in the world is located in the U.S., in the northern Gulf of Mexico.