The cornea can recover from minor injuries on its own. If it is scratched, healthy cells slide over quickly and patch the injury before it causes infection or affects vision. But if a scratch causes a deep injury to the cornea, it will take longer to heal.

1. Corneal Diseases
Presented By:
Muhammad Akbar Raashid Qadri
MS Healthcare Management, Public Health
Scholar, Clinical Optometrist

2. Congenital abnormalities of cornea
Microcornea
• A congenital condition
• The corneal diameter is <10 mm
(or <9 mm in newborns).
• Unilater or bilateral
• It is believed to arise due to arrest of
growth of the cornea in the 5th
gestational month.

3. Megalocornea
• Large corneal diameter > 13mm
• Bilateral
• Usually X-linked
• 90% of the affected individuals are
Males
• High Myopia andAstigmatism

4. Cornea plana
Severe decrease in corneal
curvature resulting in reduced
refractive power of the cornea
( 20D – 30D)
• Rare
• Bilateral
• Hypermetropia

5. Corneal ectasia
Are a group of uncommon, noninflammatory, eye disorders characterised by
• bilateral thinning of the central, paracentral, or peripheral cornea
• Most common
1. Keratoconus
2. Keratoglubous
3. Pellucid marginal degeneration

6. • a progressive, non- inflammatory,
• bilateral, asymmetric disease
• characterized by paraxial stromal thinning
and weakening that leads to corneal
surface distortion.
• Onset = around puberty, slow progression
thereafter until the 3rd & 4th decades of
life
• Role of heredity
• Most pts. do not have positive family Hx.
Keratoconus

7. “the condition in which the entire cornea
is
abnormally thin”
Or
Generalized thinning of cornea
Keratoglobus

8. Pellucid marginal degeneration
• Inferior corneal thinning ( sometimes
superior cornea too)
• Bilateral
• Onset: 20 years to 40 years
• Cresent shape band of inferior
cornea extending from 4 – 8 o’clock
• Intact epithelium

9. Punctate epithelial erosions
OTiny ,slightly depressed,
epithelial defects which stain with
Fluorescence but not with rose
Bengal
OPEE are non specific and may
develop in a wide variety of
keratopathies

10. Epithelial Oedema
Sign of Epithelial Oedema
are:
1. Endothelial
decompensation
2. Severe acute elevation of
IOP

11. Pannus
O Inflammatory or degenerative
ingrowth of fibro vascular
tissue from limbus

12. Bacterial Keratitis
Pathogens which can produce corneal
infection in intact epithelium
O Neisseria gonorrhoeae
O Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
O Haemophilus

13. FUNGAL KERATITIS
Filamentous FUNGAL
KERATITIS
O Aspergillus
O Fusarium

14. Candida keratitis
Usually develops in pre-existing
corneal disease or
immunocompromised patient
O Yellow-white ulcer
O Dense suppuration

15. ACANTHAMOEBA KERATITIS
O Perineural infilterates
O radial keratoneuritis
O Infilterates coalesce –ring abcess,
O ulceration
O hypopyon

16. Herpes Simplex Keratitis
Primary ocular herpes:
O Blepharoconjunctivitis
O Keatitis
O punctate epithelial
Dendritic Ulcer
O Opaque cells arranged in a course
punctate or stellate pattern
O Central desquamation leads to a
linear

17. PHLYCTENULOSIS
O Predominantly affects children
O hypersensitivity reaction to
staphylococcal or other bacterial
antigen
O Photophobia
O lacrimation
O blepharospasm

18. Corneal Chemical Injuries
O Chemical (alkali and acid) injury of
the conjunctiva and cornea is a true ocular emergency and
requires immediate intervention
O Early recognition and treatment ensures the best possible
outcome for this potentially blinding condition

19. Alkali Burns
O Alkalies can penetrate tissues more
rapidly than acids
O They saponify the fatty acids of
cell cell membranes, penetrate the
corneal stroma and
destroy proteoglycan ground
substance and collagen bundles

20. Acid Burns
O Acids can penetrate tissues less than
Alkalies
O Acids are generally less harmful than
alkali substances
O They cause damage by denaturing and
precipitating proteins in the tissues

21. Management
O Eye wash with normal saline
O pain-relieving medication
O topical antibiotics to reduce the risk of infection.
O lubricants
O anti-inflammatory medication

22. Thermal Eye Injury
Thermal trauma is any burn-related injury that can potentially lead to
serious outcomes
Causes
O Fire
O radiant heat
O Radiations
O electrical contact

23. Thank
You