Introduction, types, examples and brief content about ketoacidosis

1. KETOACIDOSIS
PRESENTED BY:
AKANKSHA SRIVASTAVA
17SMAS102007
B.PHARMA (4th year)
Galgotias University

2. What is ketoacidosis?
– A serious diabetes complication where the body produces excess blood acids
(ketones).This condition occurs when there isn't enough insulin inWhen your
cells don't get the glucose they need for energy, your body begins to burn fat for
energy, which produces ketones.
– Ketones are chemicals that the body creates when it breaks down fat to use for
energy. The body does this when it doesn’t have enough insulin to use glucose,
the body’s normal source of energy.
– When ketones build up in the blood, they make it more acidic. They are a
warning sign that your diabetes is out of control or that you are getting sick

3. KETOACIDOSIS
– High levels of ketones can poison the body. When levels get too high, you can develop DKA. DKA
may happen to anyone with diabetes, though it is rare in people with type 2
– Treatment for DKA usually takes place in the hospital. But you can help prevent it by learning the
warning signs and checking your urine and blood regularly. the body. It can be triggered by
infection or other illness.
– Ketoacidosis shouldn’t be confused with ketosis, which is harmless. Ketosis can occur as a result
of an extremely low carbohydrate diet, known as a ketogenic diet, or fasting.

4. KETOACIDOSIS
– DKA only happens when you don’t have enough insulin in your body to process
high levels of glucose in the blood. It’s less common in people with type 2
diabetes because insulin levels don’t usually drop so low; however, it can occur.
DKA may be the first sign of type 1 diabetes, as people with this disease can’t
make their own insulin.

5. SYMPTOMS:
– Frequent urination
– extreme thirst
– high blood sugar levels
– high levels of ketones in the urine
– nausea or vomiting
– abdominal pain
– Confusion
– fruity-smelling breath flushed face
– Fatigue
– rapid breathing
– dry mouth and skin

6. TREATMENT OF
KETOACIDOSIS
– Fluid replacement:You'll receive fluids — either by mouth or through a vein
(intravenously) — until you're rehydrated. The fluids will replace those you've lost through excessive
urination, as well as help dilute the excess sugar in your blood
– Electrolyte replacement:Electrolytes are minerals in your blood that carry an
electric charge, such as sodium, potassium and chloride. The absence of insulin can lower the level
of several electrolytes in your blood. You'll receive electrolytes through a vein to help keep your
heart, muscles and nerve cells functioning normally
– Insulin therapy: Insulin reverses the processes that cause diabetic ketoacidosis. In
addition to fluids and electrolytes, you'll receive insulin therapy — usually through a vein. When
your blood sugar level falls to about 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) and your blood is no longer acidic,
you may be able to stop intravenous insulin therapy and resume your normal subcutaneous insulin
therapy.

7. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
– • DKA is a complex disordered metabolic state characterized by
hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis and ketonuria.
– • It usually occurs as a consequence of absolute or relative insulin
deficiency that is accompanied by an increase in counter-
regulatory hormones (i.e, glucagon, cortisol, growth hormone,
epinephrine).
– • This imbalance enhances hepatic gluconeogenesis,
glycogenolysis, lipolysis and ketogenesis.

8. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

9. THANK YOU…