based on reearch on panama's culture ,art and craft

1. UNDER THE GUIDANCE –
Mrs. ARUNDHATI SINGH
&
Mrs. SUNITA RAI
SUBMITTED BY –
AAKANKSHA SINGH
BAFD 5TH
SEMESTER

3. •Panama has a tropical climate.
•Temperatures are uniformly high—as is the
relative humidity—and there is little seasonal
variation.
•Temperatures are markedly cooler in the higher
parts of the mountain ranges, and frosts occur in
the Cordillera de Talamanca in western Panama.
•Panama has the largest rainforest - Gamboa
Rainforest - in the western hemisphere, outside
the Amazon Basin.
•The jungle is home to an abundance of tropical
plants, animals, birds – some only can be found
here.
•The name "Panamá" originated in pre-Colombian
times and means "abundance of fish, butterflies
and trees".
CLIMATE--

4. GEOGRAPHY OF PANAMAGEOGRAPHY OF PANAMA
•Panama is located in Central America, bordering both the
Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean, between Colombia and
Costa Rica.
•Some people consider the territory east of the Panama Canal
as part of South America although this is rare
•The highest point in the country is the Volcán Barú, which
rises to 3,475 meters (11,401 ft). A nearly impenetrable jungle
forms the Darien Gap between Panama and Colombia

5. CULTURE OF PANAMA---CULTURE OF PANAMA---
•The culture of Panama derived from European music, art
and traditions that were brought over by the Spanish to
Panama.
•Panamanian's ancestry and culture have been greatly
influenced from being a junction to the world. Most
residents today are descendants of three main ethnic groups
- American Indians, Europeans, and black Africans with
very few true Indians remaining in the country. Many of
the people are mestizos, or those of mixed European-Indian
ancestry.
•Spanish is the official language in Panama although
English is commonly used. Free religion is allowed in
Panama although most Panamanians are Roman Catholic
•Dance is a symbol of the diverse cultures that have
coupled in Panama.

6. RELIGION OF PANAMA--RELIGION OF PANAMA--
• Hindus, Buddhists, and other Christians.Indigenous
religions include Ibeorgun (amongKuna) and
Mamatata (among Ngobe) There are also a small
number of Rastafarians.
OCCUPATION--OCCUPATION--
Agriculture and
fisheries

7. TOP 20 CITIES OF PANAMATOP 20 CITIES OF PANAMA
1. Panama City
2. San Miguelito
3. Tocumen
4. David
5. Las Cumbres
6. Colón
7. La Chorrera
8. Pacora
9. Santiago de Veraguas
10. Chitré
11. Arraiján
12. Vista Alegre
13. Chilibre
14. Cativá
15. Nuevo Arraiján
16. Changuinola
17. Alcalde Díaz
18. Penonomé
19. La Cabima
20. Puerto Armuelles

8. TRADITIONAL COUTUME FOR MEN --TRADITIONAL COUTUME FOR MEN --
•The men dress in the
traditional Montuno.
•The montuno consists of a
white cotton shirt and tousers.
•Men often wear a straw hat
called a pintado
•This hat has a distinctive
curled –up brim and black
patches on it.
•The men also wear sandals
with this outfit
•This traditional clothing can
be worn in parades,where the
females and males do a
traditional dance

9. • LA POLLERA is the typical dress for panamian women.
TRADITIONAL COSTUME FOR WOMENTRADITIONAL COSTUME FOR WOMEN

10. •A pollera is made with a "cambric" or "fine
linen" .THe color of the pollera is always white,
and it is usually about thirteen yards of
material. Today,
•There are different types of polleras;
the pollera de gala consists of a short sleeved
ruffle skirt blouse, two full length skirts and
a petticoat.
•The pollera montuna is a daily dress, with a
blouse, a skirt with a solid color, a single gold
chain, and pendant earrings. The hair piece is a
natural flower in the hair.
•This pollera is slightly different from the rest,
because instead of an off-the-shoulder blouse,
the females wear a fitted white jacket, shoulder
pleats, and a flared hem.
•Composed of two separated pieces that consist
of a shirt and a Pollerón (long skirt) made with

11. SHIRT --SHIRT --
•In the inner part is formed by a
basic frame called tapabalazo
•the sleeves. In the outer part it
has the top opening of the shirt
adorned with lace and two
surrounding pieces called
"arandelas" one in the upper side
and the other below it,
•both are slightly gathered
around the shirt and adorned
with different handmade labor,
lace and embroidery.

12. THE POLLERONTHE POLLERON (LONG SKIRT)(LONG SKIRT)•The Polleron has three segments. These
segments are the "pretina" (waist line
upper part), the body (middle part) and
the "Susto" (Lower Part)
• The Polleron is decorated over the white
fabric with handmade inserts that are
sewed directly in to it.
•Others are cut off from other fabric and
then finely sewed over the white fabric.
•These type of labor has different names,
the most known are "Talco en Sombra"
(Talc in the Shadow), "Surcida"
(furrowed), "Calada" (pierced),
"Sombreada" (shaded), "Marcada" (marked).
•The most expensive ones are usually the
Polleras that carry "Surcida" and
"Sombreada" techniques because of the
level of complexity involved in creating
them.

15. DESIGN PATTERNS

17. •Arendela: Ruffles on the blouse, trimmed with insertion and
edging laces.
•Botones de Enaguas: Solid gold buttons used on the waistband
of the skirt.
•Botones de Filigrana: Gold filigree earrings shaped as buttons.
•Cabestrillo: Gold chain adorned with numerous coins.
•Cadena Bruja: Gold chain with "Z" shaped links.
•Caden Chata Abierta: Same as the cadena chata except it is not
closed. Each end has a dome-shaped tassel with thin, tearshaped
pieces placed around the lower edge.
•Calados: Neddlework used in the polleras in which the white
background threads are removed and designs are worked around
the open places.
•Coca: Refers to the section of hair, tied in a bun behind the ears.
•Cola 'e Pato: Gold necklace having wedge shaped links overlayed
to make a thick cord.
•Cuerpo de Camisa: Body or lower section of the blouse.
•Cuerpo de Pollera: Upper tier of the skirt.
•Dolores: Small gold squares, circles, half-moons, or shamrocks
placed over the temples.
•Dormilonas: Earrings.
VOCABULARY USE FOR POLLERAVOCABULARY USE FOR POLLERA

18. •Guachapali: A fragile chain having thick gold links; it is said the
links are shaped like seeds from the guachapali tree which grows
profusely in Panama.
•Guarda: The area covered with needlework on the blouse and skirt.
•Media Naranja: A gold necklace having links simulating orange
slices.
•Melindre: Edging lace made locally on the mundillo.
•Mosqueta: Gold and pearl rosette made as earrings, tembleques, or a
pin worn in the front pompon of the blouse.
•Monedero:Coin purse knitted from silk thread tucked over the
waistband.
•Mota: Wool pompons placed over the front and back neck openings
of the blouse.
•Mundillo: A small padded wheel set on a wooden stand used for
making pollera laces.
•Pajuela: Hair ornament shaped like a palm leaf.
•Parches: Same as the dolores, small gold placques placed over the
temples.
•Peacillo: Narrow insertion lace made on the mundillo.
•Peinetas de Balcon: Turtle shell combs having a gold border,
sometimes decorated with pearls and other gold work.
•Pelotas: The hair buns which are secured behind the ears.
•Pepinos: Another name for the pelotas.

19. •Puntada de Bolillo: Rolled hem stitch used for gathering the
ruffles.
•Rosario: The rosary, usually made in gold filigree
•Salomonica: A heavy, twisted chain having the same form as the
columns on Solomon's temple.
•Sombreada: Talco en sombra, white material appliqued on the
wrong side of white cloth.
•Solitaria: A long thin necklace resembling a tape worm.
•Susto: The lower tier of the pollera skirt.
•Talco: Applique needlework.
•Tapabalazo: The lower section of the blouse yoke to which the
ruffles are sewn.
•Tapahueso: Black ribbon or ribbon-like gold chain fastened around
the base of the neck to which is suspended a cross, medal, coin, or
locket
•Tapa-oreja: Trembleques that cover the ears.
•Tapa-pelota: Large trembleques used to cover the buns in the hair.
•Trembleques: Hair ornaments made of wires and beads, resembling
artificial flowers.
•Zarcillos: Earrings.

20. JEWELRY OF
PANAMA

21. TRADITIONAL JEWELRY OF PANAMA

22. HEADGEARSHEADGEARS
• Frequently used the oval comb, large
size in tortoiseshell and gold .
•The straight cut adorned with beads,
glitters or without them..
•The use of oval section combs was not
widespread.
•The heads were adorned with two or
three pairs of combs, the shiny or
brightest with pearls, balconies shapes or
the ones wearing corals.
•Two pairs were placed on each side of
the head, another pair in the space left
by them in the back.
1.THE OVAL AND STRAIGHT CUT-OFF
LARGE SIZE COMB
THE OVAL COMB
STRAIGHT CUT-OFF LARGE SIZE COMB

23. 2.PATCHES OR GOLDEN THOUGHTS2.PATCHES OR GOLDEN THOUGHTS
•They consist of two small gold square
slats that have in the center a natural
or cultured pearl.
•Originally it was used to hide the
“caraña” and relieve headaches caused
by the weight of the headdress.
•Hair ornaments
made of wires and
beads, resembling
artificial flowers.
3.TREMBLEQUES3.TREMBLEQUES

24. TAPA-OREJATAPA-OREJA
•Trembleques that cover the ears.
TAPA-PELOTATAPA-PELOTA
•Large trembleques used to cover the buns
in the hair.

25. EARRINGSEARRINGS
• There are a variety of earrings that can be used with the
Pollera. The most popular are :---
1. The tendrils,
2. The mosqueta,
3. Sleepy,
4. Tangos and gold rings.

26. 1.THE1.THE
TENDRILS--TENDRILS--
•Tendrils are composed of three detachable
parts:--
1.a small gold rosette with precious stones,
2.a bow or a couple of leaves of gold and
3.a piece like the first but larger.
•At the end of it, a series of shinny inserts
called “bright” are linked together and they
are constantly moving.•Tendrils can be adorned with colored stones in different
shapes and sizes.
•The most common are: rubies, emeralds, topaz and jet
black.
•Tendrils with black stones are used when the person is in
mourning.

27. 2.MOSQUETA2.MOSQUETA
•There are mosquetas worked in tomatillos with
filigree and adorned with legitimate pearls.
•The mosqueta is named that way because it
resembles the bees that crawl the flowers.
•The mosqueta is often seasoned with an oval
pendant trimmed with gold, pearl shell and
tomatillos.
3.DORMILON3.DORMILON
ASAS
•These earrings consist of a small coin with machined
edges and a crescent moon holding a row of shiny
inserts.

28. 4.THE TANGOS AND GOLD4.THE TANGOS AND GOLD
RINGRING
•They are worked with pearls or coral.
•The gold bearing bonds with tears .
•Very popular in the region of Los Santos.
•Two large
matching pom poms
called MOTA
5. MOTA5. MOTA

29. NECK JEWELRYNECK JEWELRY
•The Tapahueso is a velvet or satin
ribbon with a gold cross or medal, is
used to cover the dimple of the throat
.
•The necklaces have beautiful works
in burnished opaque gold,
• water-marked in different colors,
with shapes of hearts, anchors,
butterflies, etc ... These also can hold
precious stones, pearls and filigree.
THE TAPAHUESOTHE TAPAHUESO
THE TAPAHUESO

30. JEWELRY OF CHESTJEWELRY OF CHEST
1.1. CABESTRILLOCABESTRILLO
•It's a crowned shield chain
reminiscent of the decorations
that were used in earlier times in
European courts. Many of these
slings hold coins with portraits
of kings and crowns of the
Spanish nobility.
•Traditionally, coins are placed
from largest to smallest .
•The coins lose their numismatic
value when the crown is welded
directly to the coin. We
recommend the use of hoops that
protect them from this risk.
CABESTRILL
O

31. 2. THE OPEN2. THE OPEN
LACELACE
THE OPEN LACE
•some are made on an
opaque sheet of gold with a
thread worked in filigree,
cresting Pearl and slips
into a pair of fine gold
thread, called "Italian
crochet"
•It is usually worn open,
•Its weave is fine and thin
like the one called "duck
tail", and on both ends
there are hanging bells
with

32. 3. FLAT3. FLAT
CHAINCHAIN
•formed by carved and articulated plates.
•. They are of various kinds, some wider others
narrower.
•Some are adorned with "Maria" which is a
symbol of Christian faith, hope and charity .
•Others go with the "Cross of Caravaca" and
are completed with coins, a gold fish, a cross or
an anchor.
4.THE4.THE
SCAPULARSCAPULAR•Consists of a string that has at its ends two
rectangular gold plates of about an inch and a half
wide and two inches long,
• it is worked with designs copied from the
scapulars that are made of fabric.
•Over matte gold plates they stamp a cross and a
letter S in burnished gold.
•The cross is the symbol of Christianity and the (S)
means sacred or holy (santo).
•The scapular and the rosary are two valuable
jewelry pieces related to the shrines of our religion,

33. 5.THE SOLOMON5.THE SOLOMON
CHAINCHAIN
•The Solomon Chain is so named because its
weave resembles the particular curves of the
columns of the Solomonic architecture.
•Its value depends on the weight and size.
•It can pass twice around the neck, others
are adorned with coins that are placed one on
the back and one on the chest, some chains
have a large gold ring which hangs a golden
filigree fish
6. THE HALF ORANGE CHAIN. THE HALF ORANGE CHAIN
• It similar to the orange slices.
•Decorated with one or two crowned coins, a fish or a
cross.
•The most commonly used is the coin. There are chains
with this shape so fine and strong that are called "whole
orange."

34. 7.THE CHAIN OF7.THE CHAIN OF
CHARMCHARM
•Chain of "charms" or small golden bells
•these charms or gold bells were given by
godfathers at the baptisms of children.
8. THE WITCH8. THE WITCH
CHAINCHAIN
•Is a variant of the flat chain with elongated
Z-shaped links that add movement and change
form.
•Find them with a typical pin called “flor de
Guate” (guate flower).
•At both ends they have a small bell worked
with a golden sheet, filigree and shiny plates.

35. 9.THE ROSARY9.THE ROSARY
•The filigree rosary is the most popular, but
pearl and coral with filigree rival in beauty and
value.
•The rosary used in the empolleradas has no
Christ on them
10.THE TAPEWARM CHAIN10.THE TAPEWARM CHAIN
(SOLITERIA)(SOLITERIA)•This is another variant of the flat chain.
•It consists of a series of plates, near to a square,
which will imitate the parasite called crawlers or
tapeworms .
•Terminating in a pair of golden bells. It is worn
open or with a golden pin.

36. ART OF PANAMAART OF PANAMA
MARBLEMARBLE
WORK---WORK---
•Gourd lights with inset marbles in
different size and shapes very popular
in panama.

37. CEREMONIAL MASKCEREMONIAL MASK
POTTERYPOTTERY
•Made of ceramic powder.
•Traditional colors on cream color
background
•Decorate with stones and
golden stripes

39. PANAMA HATPANAMA HAT•A Panama hat (toquilla straw
hat) is a traditional brimmed
straw hat of Ecuadorian origin. .
•Traditionally, hats were made
from the plaited leaves of the
Carludovica palmata plant, known
locally as the toquilla
palm or jipijapa palm.
•Panama hats are light-colored,
lightweight, and breathable, and
often worn as accessories to
summer-weight suits, such as those
made of linen or silk.
•Beginning around the turn of the
20th century, panamas began to be
associated with the seaside and
tropical locales.[

40. PANAMAIAN HAT FESTIVALPANAMAIAN HAT FESTIVAL
•Bellota is a vegetable
fiber that is used to
make the hats.

41. TYPES OF PANAMA HATTYPES OF PANAMA HAT
This a deluxe sombrero pintado.
A sietero hat is a rough,
less expensive version of
the sombrero pintado.
This is a sombrero de
pinta de mosquito.
This sombrero de chonta
amarilla marsellada is a
very rare jewel.

42. TAMSUI HATTAMSUI HAT
•The tamsui hat was a straw hat made in
Formosa (now Taiwan) .
•Directly compete with the Panama in the early
twentieth century.
•Tamsui hats were made from
Pandanus odorattssimus fibre.
• As they retained their whiteness, were
washable, and could be folded and carried
about without damage.
•Tamsui hats replaced the rather costlier
Panama in the far East in the early twentieth
century.

43. INDIGIOUS GROUP OF PANAMAINDIGIOUS GROUP OF PANAMA
•BAKOTA TRIBE
•NASO TRIBE
•KUNA TRIBE
•EMBERA - WOUNAAN TRIBE
•GUYAMI PEOPLE

44. BOKOTA PEOPLEBOKOTA PEOPLE
•The Bokota people, also
called Bogotá or Bugleres, are an
Amerindian ethnical group in Panama
.
•They live in Bocas del Toro and
north of Veraguas.
•
•Bokota Indians live in the same
region as the Teribe or Naso Indians.
•They are the smallest tribe in
Panama and live in the west of the
country.

45. NASO PEOPLE

46. NASO PEOPLENASO PEOPLE•LANGUAGE– Spanish ,very
few of the Naso tribes ad here
to Roman Catholicism
•The Naso, also known as the
Teribe, have been the
inhabitants of the
mountainous jungle region of
the northwestern corner of
Panama
•Naso live in 11 small
communities located along the
Teribe River amid the lush
forest of the La Amistad
International Park.
•OCCUPATION --
Agriculture

47. CLOTHING FORCLOTHING FOR
WOMEN---WOMEN---
•long puffy blouses and full
skirts often in bright colors with
small floral patterns.
• Braided hair
•necklaces of beads are also
traditional for Naso women and
girls.
CLOTHING FOR MEN---CLOTHING FOR MEN---
•white collarless shirt with ¾
length sleeves and dark
trousers.

48. KUNA PEOPLE

49. •The Kuna are one of
Panama's three major
indigenous groups.
•The Kuna of Panama are
famous for their brightly
colored textile art
called molas.
•The Kuna's native
language, "mola" means
"shirt" or "clothing".
CLOTHING -- patterned
wrapped skirt (saburet), mola
blouse (dulemor),a red and
yellow headscarf (musue),
ACCESSORIES--arm and leg
beads (wini), a gold nose ring
(olasu) and earrings
ART – Mola work and
KUNA PEOPLEKUNA PEOPLE

51. MOLA APPLIQUE WORKMOLA APPLIQUE WORK• In Dulegaya, the Kuna's native language,
"mola" means "shirt" or "clothing".
• The mola forms part of the traditional
costume of a Kuna woman .
• Molas have their origin in body painting .
• DESIGN – geometrical, realistic,abstract
designs of flowers, sea animals and birds.
• FABRIC – Cotton
• The quality of a mola is determined by such
factors as
1. the number of layers
2. fineness of the stitching
3. evenness and width of cutouts
4. addition of details such as zigzag borders,
lattice-work or embroidery
5. general artistic merit of the design and color
combination.
• Mola designs are often inspired by modern
graphics such as political posters, labels,
pictures from books and TV cartoons, as well
as traditional themes from Kuna legends and

52. CUNSTRUCTIONCUNSTRUCTION
•Molas are handmade using a reverse
appliqué technique.
•Several layers (usually two to seven)
of different-coloured cloth (usually
cotton) are sewn together; the design
is then formed by cutting away parts
of each layer.
•The edges of the layers are then
turned under and sewn down. Often,
the stitches are nearly invisible.
•sewing blind stitches, and sewing
tiny stitches.
•Some molas also incorporate patches
of contrasting colours, included in the
design at certain points to introduce
additional variations of colour.
•pillows, place mats or wall
hangings, bedspreads

53. PROCESSPROCESS
•Choose 3 contrasting colours of
cotton lawn fabric
• Trace your design onto the top layer of cotton lawn.
• Layer the three fabrics on top of each
other, pin and tack round the edges

54. •Needle turn the fabric under to the line
and stitch down neatly - notch the fabric
along the curves before turning under as
necessary. Remove the tacking outside the
motif after you have stitched.
•Cut through the top layer of fabric
about 1/2cm inside the design line
•Tack approximately 1cm outside
and 1.5cm inside the design
lines of the main motif .

55. •Cut through the second layer of fabric
approximately 2/3cm from the finished
edge ( push the top layer of fabric out of
the way as you cut).
•Needle turn under the raw edge next to
the finished edge and stitch down.
•Trim back the middle layer of fabric slightly.
Then needle turn and stitch the top layer of the
motif down.

56. •Keep adding pieces of fabric and cutting
back through them and adding extra
scraps of fabric between layers until the
whole motif is full and you are happy
with the result.
•Cut through the top layer of the fabric and
slot scraps of contrasting cotton lawn between
the layers, needle turn the raw edges under.
•Pin, tack and needle turn applique
extra pieces of cotton lawn over parts
of the design.

57. CHAQUIRASCHAQUIRAS
•Bead work is known as
“CHAQUIRAS” Iin kuna tribe.
•DESIGN – geometrical
•COLOR – bright colors.
•ARTICLE– jewelry for neck,
arms and legs

58. EMBERA - WOUNAAN TRIBEEMBERA - WOUNAAN TRIBE

59. EMBERA - WOUNAAN TRIBEEMBERA - WOUNAAN TRIBE•The Embera–Wounaan is a semi-nomadic indigenous people in
Panama,
•Living in the province of Darien at the shores of the Chucunaque,
Sambu, Tuira Rivers and its water ways.
•The Embera-Wounaan were formerly and widely known by the
name Chocó,
•The name "Embera" means "people." Collectively they are known as
the Chocó
•belong to two major groups: the Embirá, of upper Atrato and
San Juan Rivers, and the Wuanana of the lower San Juan River.
•OCCUPATION – harvesting and hunting
•ART & craft – body painting , wood and tagua nut carving, and
basket weaving

60. COSTUME –COSTUME –
•FOR MEN -- The men sport "bowl
cut" hair styles, and when not in
towns, still wear nothing but a
minimal loin cloth.
•FOR WOMEN--The women wear
brightly colored cloth wrapped at the
waist as a skirt.
•women do not cover their torsos,
and wear long, straight black hair.
•The women also wear silver
necklaces and silver earrings on these
special occasions
Many of the necklaces being made of
old silver coins. the coins on these
necklaces
are passed down from mother to
daughter.

61. BODY PAINTINGBODY PAINTING
•They paint their bodies
with a dye made from
Genipa americana, the berry
of a species of genip tree.
•The black dye is thought to
repel insects .
•the designs are known as
jagua tattoos
•they print intricate
geometric patterns all over
their bodies, using wood
blocks carved from balsa
wood.

62. WOOD AND TAGUAWOOD AND TAGUA
CARVINGCARVING
•Wood of calabash tree
use for wood carving.
•Tagua nut shell use for
tagua nut carving.
•ARTICALS – home
products , decorative
items, bow and arrows
etc.
•DESIGN –flowral
goemetrical and animal
figuers

63. BASKET WEAVINGBASKET WEAVING
•DESIGN –
geometrical ,floral,
realisticand animal
and bird .
•COLOR – Bright
color design on pastel
color background.
•RAW MATERIAL
-- dry grass and
straw

64. GUYAMI PEOPLE

65. GUAYMI PEOPLEGUAYMI PEOPLE
•The Guaymí or Ngäbe are an indigenous group living
mainly within the Ngäbe-Buglé comarca in the Western
Panamanian provinces of Veraguas, Chiriquí and Bocas
del Toro,
•The indigenous town of Conte,Costa Rica near the
extreme southern tip of the country.
•CULTURE --- Spanish
•SUBSISTENCE --- ferming and agriculture
•THE MAIN CROPS-- are rice, corn, yucca, otoy, ñame,
several species of beans.
•ART AND CRAFT – bead work and handmade bags(
• bag)

66. CLOTHING OF WOMEN’S --CLOTHING OF WOMEN’S --•Women have worn full-length, short-sleeve
dresses called naguas that begin at the neck and
end at the ankles.
•The dresses are usually adorned with geometric
patterns at the ankles, around the waist and at
the sleeve and neck lines.
• The classic Ngäbe geometric pattern is
called dientes, or "teeth", and is said to represent
mountains, animal teeth, the flow of the river, or
dragon scales.
MEN’S CLOTHINGMEN’S CLOTHING
----
•Men typically wear collared cotton-and-
polyester-blend shirts and polyester trousers.
•Some men wear farmer's hats made out of pita
leaves but most wear simple baseball caps.
•Both genders wear rubber boots when
traveling due to Panama's heavy rainfall and
the lack of infrastructure in the Comarca.

67. CHACARA BAGCHACARA BAG
• The chacara is an
elaborately patterned
string bag made by the
Guaymí women of western
Panamá from plant fibers
• The cabuya,pita,kra and
cortezo plants fiber use
for chacara bag .It is the
softest and whitest fiber.
• There are two types of
color
patterns are commonly
use
when making the chácara
bags:--
Pita plantCabuya plant

68. THE SENCILLATHE SENCILLA
• It is worked in the round,with colored
stripes spliced in as desired.it .
•Women's made for herself.
THETHE
PINTADAPINTADA
•usually made for men, is more elaborate
in construction and decoration.
•It is made of sections that are worked
individually and joined together as each
part is completed.
•This pintada depicts the sails on
Christopher Columbus ’s boat.

69. MAKING OF CHACARAMAKING OF CHACARA
•Spining fiber for chacara bag.
•The chácara is usually constructed without the use of a
needle
•Many women stiffen the end by doubling over the last
inch and twisting it on itself
•The base of the chácara is formed with a series of
connected fingure eights and the body consists of row
after row of connecting single loops.
•Additional lengths of yarn are spliced on as the work
progresses or when never a change of color is desired.
•Each of the many designs used by the Ngöbe has its
special significance,suggesting particular
animals,moods,fables,history,or local scenery.
•The strap is constructed by finger-weaving the right side

70. FESTIVALS OF PANAMA

72. CARNIVAL OF PANAMACARNIVAL OF PANAMA
•Panama’s Carnival
celebrations take place the
four days prior to Ash
Wednesday.
• Since the early 1900s,
Panama’s Carnival is the
second largest in the
entire world.
•The main streets of
Panama City and Las
Tablas, where the
celebrating takes place,
fill up with parades,
costumes, floats, masks,
and confetti.
•The highlight of many
celebrations includes the
selection of the Carnival

73. CARNIVAL COSTUMES AND ACCESSORIESCARNIVAL COSTUMES AND ACCESSORIES
•Costumes and accessories have highly decorated and very
royal.
•Golden , silver and bright color use in costumes.
•Feather of birds , stone ,gota ,mirror ,beads ,pearl and
sequence widely usein costume and jewelry

76. Bouquet Flower and Coffee FairBouquet Flower and Coffee Fair
•Flower exhibits are on show daily from January to April,
•It is one of the biggest celebrations of flowers in the world
•Exquisite flower displays and lush landscape designs fill the
Bouquet Flower and Coffee Fair throughout the ten days it runs.
Coffee also plays a significant role in the festivities. There are
plenty of organized tasting of local java and the coffee can be
bought by the cup or by the bag.

77. Santa Fé Orchid ExpositionSanta Fé Orchid Exposition
•Over 300 species of orchids are grown in Santa Fé – both
large and small – and every August the city hosts a national
orchid exposition.
•During this particular orchid exposition you will see rarely
seen flora, such as the native orchids that grow in the
Veraguas Province of the Chiriquí Highlands.