1. IMPACTS OF FOOD SAFETY STANDARDS
ON
PROCESSED ANIMAL BASED EXPORT
“FOCUSED ON POULTRY INDUSTRIES THAILAND”
By
Dr.Atcharaporn Khoomtong
CONTENT
Introduction
General overview about Food Safety Standards
Overview about Food Safety Standards in Thailand
General Food safety concern in the poultry product
Present Situation of food safety in the export
poultry industry of Thailand
2
2. CONTENT
Flooding situation in Thailand Effect to poultry
industry?
Benefit from Achieving Food safety standards
Certification in Thailand
Constraints in the implementation Food Safety
Standards in case of SMEs Food industries
Thailand
Recommendations
3
INTRODUCTION
Thailand
4
3. The richest
agricultural
Produce Country
in the world,
located in the
most fertile land
on tropical area
of Southeast
Asia.
Thailand
5
The primary export markets are Japan, the US, EU,
and ASEAN. Most food exports are prepared and
ready-to-eat. The major categories are:
Seafood
Fresh and processed fruit and vegetables
Canned and other processed forms
Fresh - Frozen and Processed chicken
Other goods
6
4. MAJOR MARKETS OF FRESH - FROZEN AND
PROCESSED CHICKEN OF THAILAND
Japan,
43.27%
UK, 29.81%
Netherland,
9.14%
Germany,
4.04%
Veitnam,
2.71%
Other, 11.03%
7
8
GENERAL OVERVIEW
ABOUT FOOD SAFETY STANDARDS
5. can be considered to have three main components:
quality control
quality assurance
quality improvement.
Consumers want the assurance that they are receiving
a safe and sanitary food supply.
9
Food Safety Standards
SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF THE
COMMUNICATION WITHIN THE FOOD CHAIN
10
6. OVERVIEW ABOUT
FOOD SAFETY STANDARDS IN THAILAND
11
INTERNATIONAL TRADEINTERNATIONAL TRADE
Direct
Common Agricultural Policy
- European Union : EU
- = 25 Nations
Indirect
agreement under World
Trade Organization
(WTO)
Advance Technology
7. AGREEMENT UNDER WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
(WTO)
Decreasing Subsidy
Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary
Measures
Agreement on Trade and Environment
13
IMPACTS FROM NON -TARIFF BARRIER OF EU TO
EXPORT POULTRY PRODUCTS OF THAILAND
IMPACTS FROM NON -TARIFF BARRIER OF EU TO
EXPORT POULTRY PRODUCTS OF THAILAND
Import Quota
Quantitative Measures
Restrict of export quantity
of poultry from Thailand
Sanitary and Phytosanitary
Measures : SPS
- Qualitative Measures
Effect of Brand Image Building
High Cost Production
8. POTENTIAL FROM NON -TARIFF BARRIER
EFFECTS OF THAILAND EXPORTER???
From Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures :
SPS ,Thailand have to control about MRLs and
also GMP in feed mill and treatment of animal
manufacturings
Change style of export poultry product in 2004
from The HPAI outbreaks
15
STRUCTURE OF FOOD SAFETY
STANDARDS IN THAILAND
16
Safety Requirements for Agricultural
Commodity and Food
plantlivestock fish
1
10. INDUSTRY RECOGNIZED
FOOD SAFETY STANDARDS
19
Fruit&vegetable
Products
EU market
requirements
EU market
requirements
General
products in
other markets
GENERAL FOOD SAFETY CONCERN IN
THE POULTRY PRODUCT
20
11. COMMERCIAL BROILER SUPPLY CHAIN: THAILAND
Possible sources of Samonella sp. &Listeria sp. for Broiler
22
microbiological
risks
Samonella sp
Listeria sp
Highly
pathogenic
avian
influenza
virus
(H5N1)
13. 25
PRESENT SITUATION OF FOOD SAFETY IN
THE EXPORT POULTRY INDUSTRY OF THAILAND
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
2516
2520
2525
2530
2531
2532
2533
2534
2535
2536
2537
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
2547
2548
2549
2550
.
MT
Source : Thai Broiler Processing Exporters Association
Thai Broiler HistoryThai Broiler History
Start to Export
Frozen chicken
163 ล้านตัน
Start to Export
processed chicken BSE in UK
พบสารNitrofurans
และ Chloramphenical
Thailand
Financial
Crisis
Depreciation
Avian Flu
Quota tariff
1973
2003
2006
1991
1996
1997
1999
EUออก
White Paper
Animal Welfare
14. Source: The Ministry of Commerce
27
THAILAND EXPORT VALUE OF POULTRY
POULTRY PRODUCTION IN THAILAND
can be classified
three primary systems;
smallholder
backyard
farming
semi-
industrial
production
large-scale
industrial
production
28
15. Laws System Certification
Schematic representations Regulation Standard issued by
Department of Livestock Development
Note * mean forced only the exporters
29
REGULATIONS
CONTROL AND INSPECTION OF POULTRY MEAT AND
POULTRY MEAT PRODUCTS
Ministerial Notification of Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives
on Livestock Farm Standard of Thailand B.E. 2542 (1999; Broiler farm
standard), B.E. 2546 (2003; Meat-type duck farm standard)
Poultry Meat and Poultry Products Inspection Regulations B.E. 2548
(2005)
Regulations of the DLD on Protection of Poultry at Farm B.E. 2542 (1999)
Regulations of the DLD on Protection of Poultry During Transport B.E.
2542 (1999)
Regulations of the DLD on Protection of Poultry at the Time of
Slaughter or Killing B.E. 2542 (1999)
30
16. REGULATIONS
CONTROL AND INSPECTION OF POULTRY MEAT AND
POULTRY MEAT PRODUCTS
Regulations of the DLD on Traceability System of Livestock
Products B.E. 2546 (2003)
Regulations of the DLD on Implementation of HACCP for
Slaughterhouses and Meat Processing Plants Manufacturing
for Export B.E. 2547 (2004)
31
CONTROL AND INSPECTION OF POULTRY MEAT
AND POULTRY MEAT PRODUCTS
I. Poultry standard farm
II. Pre-slaughter inspection at poultry farm
III. Movement control
IV. Accreditation of poultry slaughterhouse and processing plant
for export manufacture
V. Inspection at poultry slaughterhouse
VI. Inspection at poultry meat products processing plant
VII. Certification for export
32
17. I. POULTRY STANDARD FARM
1. Notification of Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives on Livestock
Farm Standard of Thailand 1999, 2003
2. Criteria for certification of farm standards:
- farm bio-security system
- appropriate housing
- good husbandry and hygienic practices
- adequate personnel and veterinary supervision
- good animal health management and welfare
33
3. Private veterinarians trained and licensed by the DLD
4. Follow-up inspection every 6 month by the DLD committee
5. Renewal of certification every 2 years
6. Withdrawal of certification in case of infringement
34
I. POULTRY STANDARD FARM
18. II. PRE-SLAUGHTER INSPECTION
AT POULTRY FARM
1. Farm is not under restriction in connection with any poultry
infectious diseases
2. Sampling 60 cloacal swabs per flock for AI analysis
3. Negative result of AI is required for movement permit
4. Antemortem inspection by the DLD provincial officers maximum 3 d
prior to slaughter
5. Issue the Poultry Inspection Report at Farm (LSC 001 form)
35
III. MOVEMENT CONTROL
1. The DLD provincial veterinary officer
issues the Animal Movement Permit
2. Poultry must be accompanied with LSC
001, AI testing result and Movement
Permit during transportation to
slaughterhouse
3. Animal Quarantine Station or
Checkpoints of DLD examine poultry and
documents en route
36
19. IV. ACCREDITATION OF POULTRY SLAUGHTERHOUSE AND
PROCESSING PLANT FOR EXPORT MANUFACTURE
37
Procedures of accreditation
V. INSPECTION AT POULTRY SLAUGHTERHOUSE
A DLD veterinary meat inspector and a number of meat inspectors
per shift in every slaughterhouse
Antemortem inspection using information from LSC 001, movement
permit
Animal Welfare
Postmortem inspection
38
20. Operational hygiene
Personal hygiene
Sanitation of premise
HACCP implementation
39
V. INSPECTION AT POULTRY SLAUGHTERHOUSE
Routine sampling
Storage & transportation Meat transfer certificate
for transfer meat to further processing
Traceability system
40
V. INSPECTION AT POULTRY SLAUGHTERHOUSE
21. A DLD veterinary meat inspector and meat inspector(s)
Incoming meat / Meat transfer certificate
Operational hygiene
Personal hygiene
Sanitation of premise
HACCP implementation
VI. INSPECTION AT POULTRY MEAT PRODUCTS
PROCESSING PLANT
41
Routine sampling
Storage & transportation
Traceability system
42
VI. INSPECTION AT POULTRY MEAT PRODUCTS
PROCESSING PLANT
22. VII. CERTIFICATION FOR EXPORT
Export permit issued by a vet meat inspector on-site
Loading products into shipping container
DLD seal
Product check list
Trace back record
Issue Health Certificate at the DLD head office
43
HOW TO EXPORT ???
44
Health Certificate
Export to
Muslim Market
Poultry meat products
processing plant &
Cold storage
Frozen steamd
chicken meat
Export to General
Internationl Market
24. NUMBER OF HACCP/GMP-CERTIFIED FACTORIES IN EACH
POULTRY INDUSTRY SECTOR
Source: Department of Livestock Development: DLD, (Updated December, 2010)
Note * mean certify by Department of Livestock
** mean certify by Ministry of Interior
47
CASE STUDY OF ANY HAZARDS
IN POULTRY PRODUCT OF THAILAND
48
25. 49
Nitro-furans
(a banned group of antibiotics)
Dioxin
Codex Alimentarius Commission, Residues of Veterinary Drugs in Food
(Revised 1997)
Codex Alimentarius Commission, Residues of Pesticides in Food and
Animal Feeds (Revised 1997)
EU Commission, Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) of Veterinary
Medicinal Products in Feedstuffs of animal Origin.
Japan’s Ministry of Health and Welfare, Food Sanitation Law, MRL for
Veterinary Drugs in Food of Animal Origin.
Thailand
50
CODE OF HYGIENIC
PRACTICE FOR MEAT
GUIDE FOR THE MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF SPICES
AND HERBS USED IN PROCESSED MEAT
AND POULTRY PRODUCTS
CODE OF PRACTICE ON GOOD
ANIMAL FEEDING
GUIDELINES FOR THE CONTROL OF
CAMPYLOBACTER AND
SALMONELLA IN CHICKEN MEAT
26. THE HPAI OUTBREAKS IN THAILAND 2004 TO 2006
51
Outbreak in poultry sector is Bird flu viruses
BIOSECURITY CERTIFICATION AGAINST AVIAN FLU:
FOOD SAFETY TECHNOLOGY
FOR COMPETITIVENESS ON WORLD MARKETS
A compartment
is defined as a well
defined area where
animals are kept under
a biosecurity management
system. At every stage of
production the origin of
the chicken meat destined
for export can be traced
back to a specific flock in
a specific compartment.
52
Food safety measures to bring the buyers back
28. 55
FLOODING SITUATION IN THAILAND
EFFECT TO POULTRY INDUSTRY?
56
POULTRY INDUSTRY OF THAILAND IS
LOCATED IN CENTRAL AREA
29. The Agriculture Ministry reports
about 7 million head of livestock
were affected by the current floods
57
A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK: GENERAL SYSTEMS STRUCTURE OF THE EFFECTS
OF FLOODS ON NATURAL RESOURCE DEPENDENT COMMUNITIES
58
30. FROM MY POINT OF VIEW, FLOODS MAY BE AFFECTED TO
POULTRY INDUSTRY IN THAILAND SUCH AS,
Effect of flood on feed mill industry
Effect of flood on sanitation and hygiene
Effect of flood on food safety
59
EFFECT OF FLOOD ON FEED MILL INDUSTRY
The potential that flood can lead to environmental dispersion
of animal waste containing numerous biologic and chemical
hazards. It could be contaminate to feed mill animals.
60
EFFECT OF FLOOD ON SANITATION AND HYGIENE
Floodwater may contain fecal material from overflowing sewage system can
be heavily contaminated with pesticides to highly hazards chemicals.
Could be cross contamination between water supply system and sewage
system in hatchery farms that water treatment system may go out of order
or malfunction due to flood impacts and sewer discharge may directly enter the
watercourse without purification.
Water-borne diseases, such as diarrhea diseases, acute respiratory
infections are common among flood-affected people and
broilers. They can increase to epidemic levels even in a moderate flood.
31. EFFECT OF FLOOD ON FOOD SAFETY
During the flood, electricity supply may be cut off.
Without electricity hatchery farm activities will be stop .
Slaughter house or processed plants without electricity
cold stores and refrigerators will stop functioning. The meat poultry in
these facilities will start decaying after 4 hours.
If flood continue long time, it will be affected to
transportation system that may be cause of shortage food finally.
61
62
BENEFIT FROM ACHIEVING FOOD SAFETY STANDARDS
CERTIFICATION IN THAILAND
32. Food safety standards certification benefits may be measured
as “external” and “internal” benefits.
External benefits are realized externally from the system
such as an increase in market share or gaining customer
recognition.
Internal benefit is a benefit experienced within system such
as increased employee moral or reduction in nonconforming
product.
63
BENEFIT FROM ACHIEVING FOOD SAFETY STANDARDS
Benefits to
Food
Industry
Benefits to
Consumers
Benefits to
Governments
64
33. CONSTRAINTS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION FOOD SAFETY STANDARDS
IN CASE OF SMES FOOD INDUSTRIES THAILAND
Cost
Knowledge
Readiness
Labor
Production of Technology
Old machinery in production process
Legislation and Enforcement
65
REALITY IS THAT SMALLHOLDERS
MIGHT DISAPPEAR
Even if they have market access…
they may be unable to meet
High transaction costs for certain market outlets
Costs of compliance to meet standards:
Import requirements...disease status, traceability, animal
welfare, GAP, SPS, compulsory inspection
Product requirement.....quality cuts, hygiene standards,
packaging, labelling, traceability
Changing marketing channels
concentration in export, processing, and retailing
changes in vertical coordination of supply chains (for example,
thought Thailand switched from contract farming to full vertical
integration because of disease threat (AI)- not happening as
expected)
34. RECOMMENDATIONS
Food safety could be strengthened by strengthening the
links along the food chain and building in demands by the
next person in the chain
Thailand depute a separate organization that is
responsible, for food safety standards implementation for
the whole country with a clear objective, strategy and plan
Especially in case of poultry industries, government
should focus in Horizontal issues such as animal feeding,
guide to good farming practices, role of the Veterinary
Services in food safety, anti-microbial resistance, animal
identification and traceability, meat inspection,
certification, model certificates and also included
biotechnology.
67
Government policy should aim at providing
knowledge, training, consultation and financial
support while ensuring that there are sufficient
resources for auditing these factories.
Thailand needs a national policy to facilitate the
development of the food safety system through
the entire food chain to eliminate the conflicts
and the overlapping work responsibilities
among governmental units.
68
RECOMMENDATIONS
35. REFERENCES
DLD - Department of Livestock Development ,HPAI Control Measure
Undertaken in Thailand since 2004, 2006a, Available at www.dld.go.th
Food and Agriculture Organization / World Health Organization (FAO/WHO),
“Improving Efficiency and Transparency in Food Safety Systems—Sharing
Experiences”. Proceedings of the FAO/WHO Global Forum of Food Safety
Regulators, held in Marrakesh, Morocco, 28-30 January 2002. Rome:
FAO/WHO.
Frederick A. et al,Impact of Floods on Livelihoods and Vulnerability of
Natural Resource Dependent Communities in Northern Ghana,Water, 2,
120-139, 2010.
G. C. Mead, Food safety control in the poultry industry, Woodhead Publishing
Limited, England, 2005.
69
…..ETC…….
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
70
36. DEFINITIONS
Competent authority
The official authority charged by the government with the
control of meat hygiene, including setting and enforcing
regulatory meat hygiene requirements.
Ante-mortem inspection
Any procedure or test conducted by a competent person on
live animals for the purpose of judgement of safety and
suitability and disposition
71
Contaminant
Any biological or chemical agent, foreign matter, or
other substance not intentionally added to food that
may compromise food safety or suitability.
Good Hygienic Practice
All practices regarding the conditions and measures
necessary to ensure the safety and suitability of food
at all stages of the food chain
72
