Interpret the significant impact of New Public Management on Non-Profit Reform. Next, infer two (2) challenges that are associated with implementing the reform in non-profits. Provide a rationale for your response. Solution While many initiatives have been introduced under the guise of New Public Management (NPM), the outsourcing of services to the public is as an important example of the impact of NPM on the nonprofit sector and the role of professionals. Many government agencies have introduced competitive tendering and contracting (CTC) in a move towards greater contestability of public services. Outsourcing advocates point to the potential for “increased flexibility in service delivery; greater focus on outputs and outcomes rather than inputs; the freeing of public sector management to focus on higher priority or ‘core’ activities; encouraging suppliers to provide innovative solutions; and cost savings in providing services due to competition”. The CTC process presents many challenges for governments and their agencies, as well as for private and non-profit enterprises who bid for government business or contract for the delivery of services to the public. Challenge #1: Calls for accountability in the nonprofit sector have never been stronger, and the rise of various forms of self-regulation represents a profound shift for nonprofits.The idea of accountability is ubiquitous in our society and yet is noted for its complexity, ambiguousness, and context dependency. Even in the face of much research across public, business, and nonprofit sectors, accountability is a ‘‘multifaceted concept fraught with ambiguity’’ and ‘‘…has become a cliché´ and, like all cliché’s, is a substitute for thinking’’. Accountability has such widely varying interpretations and a high degree of abstraction that common understanding of its detailed implications is often elusive. Challenge #2: Enhancing Business Ethics or Governance- fiduciary duty requires one to put another’s interest first. For nonprofits, this first element of governance means putting the organization’s best interests first. It is based on a high standard of trust which includes a duty of care, a duty of loyalty and a duty of obedience. Boards and principle officers must govern the nonprofit organization according to this trust standard. The duty of care requires good faith and effective governance. The duty of loyalty prohibits organizational harm and requires commitment to the nonprofit’s best interests. The nonprofit Board must adhere to the organizational mission to fulfill its duty of obedience..