This presentation was presented in bibliotheca alexandrina in December 10th 2017 about the heart disease and its problems And finding a new ways to deal with it using fluid mechanics (CFD) P.S: Those slides should only be a visual aid during the presentation, if you look for more useful information, please check the references and feel free to contact me any time Facebook account: https://www.facebook.com/ak.camo

1. Heart Disease
C o r o n a r y A r t e r y D i s e a s e

2. Main headlines
• What is Coronary Artery disease
• Symptoms, causes, consequences and treatments
• Engineering behind the disease
• Real case study
• The future of the disease
• Restrictions

3. What Is Coronary Artery Disease?
The arteries, which start out smooth and
elastic, get plaque on their inner walls,
which can make them more rigid and
narrowed. This restricts blood flow to
your heart, which can then become
starved of oxygen.

4. Even Egyptian Pharaohs Had It!
Heart disease is the number one killer of
men and women in the United States
today. The Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention (CDC) estimates that
about one in four Americans die from
the disease every year. This adds up to
about 610,000 individuals. In addition,
735,000 people have heart attacks each
year.

5. Leonardo Da Vinci

6. Symptoms
• Chest pain (angina)
• Shortness of breath
• Palpitations - irregular heart beats
• Weakness or dizziness
• Nausea
• Sweating

7. Causes
Coronary artery disease is thought to begin with damage or
injury to the inner layer of a coronary artery, sometimes as
early as childhood. The damage may be caused by various
factors, including:
• Smoking
• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol
• Diabetes or insulin resistance
• Sedentary lifestyle

8. consequences
• Irregular Heart Rhythm
• Heart Attack
• Enlarged Heart (Cardiomegaly)
• Heart Muscle Disease (Cardiomyopathy)

9. Treatments
• Aspirin and a statin, if not other things
• Cardiac catheterization
• Stent placement
• Coronary artery bypass surgery
• Heart transplant surgery

10. Problems
• Hard to be noticed (not diagnosed)
• Causes are relatively general
• Even after a heart attack it still hard to know
the position of the narrowed part of artery
• High likely to have a second heart attack
• Treatment methods are limited

11. How doctors see the disease

12. How engineers see the disease

13. Measuring pressure and velocity

14. Simulating the disease (CFD)

15. Drawing the geometry

16. Drawing the geometry

17. Drawing the geometry

18. Drawing the geometry

19. Surface construction

20. 3D acquisition system

21. Final geometry
Using ANSYS software

22. Boundary conditions

23. Real case study
VIRTUheart™ project at the University of Sheffield

24. The future of this technology
• Explaining treatment selection
• Using models to predict the results of treatments
• Studying any patient and predict if he/she would has the disease in the future

25. Restrictions on that technology
• Some needed parameters could be unknown
• We can’t have a general model for everyone
• Computational time specially for emergency cases

26. Summary

27. References
• https://www.healthline.com/health/heart-disease/history
• http://www.bbc.com/news/health-28054468
• A non-invasive computational method for determining pressure drop across an arterial blockage could help
cardiologists make more-objective and accurate treatment decisions - by Paul D. Morris
• Assessment of calcified aortic valve leaflet deformations and blood flow dynamics using fluid-structure
interaction modeling - by Armin Amindari
• Computational fluid dynamics modelling in cardiovascular medicine - by Paul D Morris
• Yunus cengel fluid mechanics fundamentals

28. Thank You