This document outlines key milestones in child development from ages 0-6 years across several domains, including gross motor skills, fine motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, social-emotional skills, self-help skills, and early academic skills like reading and mathematics. For each domain, typical developmental progressions are described based on age ranges. The milestones cover developing motor, language, cognitive, social, and self-care abilities as children grow.

1. DAS-PSSP
Milestones of Child Development
Dar-e-Arqam School
PSSP-HFZ

3. Presented By:
Ahmed Bilal
Project Manager
PSSP-HFZ
ahmed.bilal.pssp@das.edu.pk
0346-4043804

4. Agenda
Introduction
01
Development and its
concepts
02
Mile Stones
03
Role In Education
04

5. Growth & Development

6. Child Developmental Mile Stone
1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
Social and Emotional Development
Fine Motor Skills
Speech and Language
Cognitive Development
Gross Motor Skills
Mathematics Developmental
Reading Developmental
Self-Help Skills

7. Gross Motor Skills Development
1
• The typical progression of gross motor skills, such as rolling over, sitting, crawling, walking, running,
jumping, and throwing..
Age 0-6 months:
Lifts and turns head while lying on the
stomach.
Begins to roll over from stomach to back and
back to stomach.
Reaches and grasps objects within their
reach.
Kicks legs and waves arms while lying on
their back.
Begins to bear weight on legs when held in a
standing position.
Age 6-12 months:
Sits unsupported for short periods of time.
Crawls on hands and knees or scoots on the
bottom.
Pulls up to a standing position holding onto
furniture.
Cruises along furniture while holding on.
Begins to take independent steps or walks
with assistance.

8. Age 12-24 months:
• Walks independently.
• Climbs stairs while holding onto railings.
• Kicks a ball forward.
• Runs with increasing coordination and balance.
• Begins to jump with both feet leaving the ground.
Age 2-3 years:
• Climbs on playground equipment.
• Jumps with both feet and lands on two feet.
• Begins to pedal a tricycle.
• Walks on tiptoes.
• Balances on one foot for a few seconds.
Age 3-4 years:
• Hops on one foot.
• Stands on one foot for a few seconds.
• Throws a ball with increased accuracy.
• Climbs ladders and plays on playground equipment
with greater confidence.
• Rides a tricycle or balance bike independently.
Age 4-5 years:
• Skips using alternating feet.
• Jumps forward and backward.
• Catches a ball with both hands.
• Runs, stops, and changes directions with ease.
• Begins to ride a two-wheeled bicycle with training
wheels.
Age 5-6 years:
• Skips with increased speed and agility.
• Hops and jumps with good coordination.
• Throws and catches a ball with improved accuracy.
• Balances on one foot for an extended period.
• Shows increased control and coordination in physical
activities.

10. Fine Motor Skills Developmental Milestone
2
• The typical development of fine motor skills, including grasping objects, picking up small items, stacking
blocks, drawing shapes, and writing..
Age 0-6 months:
• Holds and grasps objects placed in their
hand.
• Begins to swipe at and bat objects.
• Brings hands to the mouth.
• Begins to explore objects by mouthing and
touching.
Age 6-12 months:
• Begins to use a pincer grasp (using thumb
and index finger) to pick up small objects.
• Transfers objects from one hand to the other.
• Begins to bang objects together.
• Attempts to feed themselves using fingers.
Age 12-18 months:
• Uses a pincer grasp to pick up smaller objects like
Cheerios or small beads.
• Can stack blocks or toys.
• Begins to scribble with a crayon or marker.
• Tries to imitate simple gestures like waving goodbye.
Age 18-24 months:
• Begins to use a spoon or fork with assistance.
• Builds taller towers with blocks.
• Turns pages of a board book one at a time.
• Starts to use simple puzzles with chunky pieces.
• Attempts to imitate circular scribbles or lines with a
crayon.

11. Age 2-3 years:
• Holds a crayon or marker with a more mature grip.
• Copies basic shapes like circles or lines.
• Begins to use scissors to cut simple straight lines.
• Strings large beads onto a string.
• Opens and closes jars or containers with lids.
Age 3-4 years:
• Shows improved precision in drawing and coloring.
• Cuts along curved lines and simple shapes with
scissors.
• Begins to trace letters or numbers.
• Uses buttons, zippers, and snaps with assistance.
• Begins to manipulate smaller objects with more
control.
Age 4-5 years:
• Draws basic shapes and writes some letters or
numbers independently.
• Cuts along more complex lines and shapes with
scissors.
• Begins to tie shoelaces.
• Manipulates small objects with increased precision
(e.g., threading beads, building intricate structures).
• Shows improved dexterity in using utensils for
eating.
Age 5-6 years:
• Writes letters and numbers more legibly.
• Cuts along intricate lines and shapes with scissors.
• Ties shoelaces independently.
• Begins to use a tripod grasp for writing and
drawing.
• Demonstrates increased control and precision in
fine motor tasks.

12. Speech & Language Developmental Milestone
3
The milestones related to speech and language development, such as babbling, first words, two-word phrases,
vocabulary growth, and sentence formation.
Age 0-6 months:
• Begins making cooing and gurgling sounds.
• Responds to familiar voices by turning their head.
• Makes different crying sounds to indicate different
needs.
• Begins to make babbling sounds (e.g., "ba-ba," "ga-
ga").
Age 6-12 months:
• Begins to imitate sounds and gestures.
• Uses vocalizations to gain attention.
• Responds to simple verbal requests (e.g., "wave bye-
bye").
• Begins to say simple words like "mama" or "dada."
Age 12-18 months:
• Uses a variety of single words.
• Starts combining two words together (e.g.,
"more milk," "bye-bye Daddy").
• Follows simple instructions (e.g., "Give me the
ball").
• Engages in simple back-and-forth conversation
using gestures and words.
Age 18-24 months:
• Uses a vocabulary of 50 or more words.
• Begins to use pronouns (e.g., "I," "you," "mine").
• Uses simple phrases and short sentences.
• Points to and names familiar objects.

13. Age 2-3 years:
• Uses a vocabulary of several hundred words.
• Begins to use plurals and possessives (e.g., "dogs,"
"Daddy's car").
• Uses basic verb tenses (e.g., present tense - "She
runs," past tense - "He jumped").
• Engages in simple conversations and can answer
simple questions.
Age 3-4 years:
• Uses sentences with 4 or more words.
• Uses pronouns correctly (e.g., "he," "she," "they").
• Tells simple stories and relates events.
• Understands and uses basic prepositions (e.g., "in,"
"on," "under").
Age 4-5 years:
• Uses sentences with more complex grammar.
• Tells detailed stories with a beginning, middle,
and end.
• Uses more descriptive language to talk about
objects and events.
• Follows and understands longer and more
complex instructions.
Age 5-6 years:
• Uses adult-like grammar and sentence
structure.
• Uses more advanced vocabulary and
understands abstract concepts.
• Engages in conversations, asks and answers
questions.
• Tells stories with more complex plotlines and
details.

14. Cognitive Development Milestone
4
The cognitive milestones, including problem-solving abilities, memory development, symbolic play, logical
reasoning, and understanding cause and effect relationships.
Age 0-6 months:
• Shows awareness of their surroundings and
responds to familiar voices and faces.
• Begins to explore objects with their hands and
mouth.
• Tracks objects with their eyes and shows interest in
visual stimuli.
• Begins to imitate simple gestures and facial
expressions.
Age 6-12 months:
• Begins to understand object permanence (objects
still exist even when out of sight).
• Engages in simple problem-solving, such as
figuring out how to reach a desired toy.
• Explores cause and effect relationships (e.g.,
shaking a rattle to produce a sound).
• Begins to imitate simple actions and play routines.
Age 12-18 months:
• Shows increasing curiosity and exploration of
their environment.
• Engages in pretend play and imitates everyday
actions.
• Begins to understand simple spatial concepts,
such as "in," "on," and "under."
• Shows early understanding of simple concepts
like big and small.
Age 18-24 months:
• Shows increasing independence in problem-
solving and completing simple tasks.
• Begins to sort objects by color, shape, or size.
• Demonstrates simple memory skills, such as
remembering the location of a hidden toy.
• Engages in imaginative play and begins to
assign roles to objects or people.

15. Age 2-3 years:
• Engages in more complex pretend play, incorporating
multiple roles and scenarios.
• Shows improved understanding of numbers and
counting (may count up to 3 or more).
• Begins to match and sort objects based on similarities
and differences.
• Engages in simple puzzles and shape-sorting activities.
Age 3-4 years:
• Demonstrates more advanced problem-solving skills.
• Shows improved understanding of concepts like time
(e.g., yesterday, tomorrow) and spatial relationships
(e.g., behind, next to).
• Engages in more complex imaginative play with
elaborate storylines.
• Begins to recognize and name colors and shapes.
Age 4-5 years:
• Shows improved reasoning skills and can
understand cause and effect relationships.
• Engages in more complex counting and basic
arithmetic (e.g., adding and subtracting small
numbers).
• Shows an interest in categorizing objects based on
attributes.
• Begins to understand basic concepts of time, such
as morning, afternoon, and evening.
Age 5-6 years:
• Demonstrates more advanced problem-solving
abilities and critical thinking skills.
• Shows improved understanding of concepts like
size, weight, and measurement.
• Engages in more complex mathematical thinking,
such as recognizing patterns and solving simple
word problems.
• Shows improved memory and retention skills.

16. Social and Emotional Development
5
The milestones related to social and emotional development, including developing self-awareness, empathy,
sharing, taking turns, making friends, and managing emotions.
Age 0-6 months:
• Begins to develop a bond with primary caregivers.
• Responds to soothing and comfort from caregivers.
• Smiles and engages in social interactions, such as
cooing and babbling.
• Begins to show preference for familiar faces and
voices.
Age 6-12 months:
• Develops a stronger attachment to primary caregivers.
• Shows increasing social awareness and may display
separation anxiety.
• Engages in reciprocal interactions, such as imitating
facial expressions and gestures.
• Begins to show empathy and may respond to others'
distress.
Age 12-18 months:
• Shows an increased interest in playing alongside
other children.
• Begins to imitate others' actions and behaviors.
• Demonstrates early sharing behaviors and
engages in simple turn-taking.
• Shows preferences for certain playmates and may
display possessiveness over toys.
Age 18-24 months:
• Engages in parallel play, playing alongside but not
necessarily with other children.
• Shows an emerging sense of self and may assert
independence.
• Begins to understand simple social rules and
expectations.
• Shows increased emotional expression and may
use words to express feelings.

17. Self-Help Skills Milestone
6
Self-help skills that children develop, such as feeding themselves, dressing independently, using the toilet, and
practicing personal hygiene routines.
Age 12-18 months:
• Begins to feed themselves with their fingers.
• Attempts to drink from a cup with assistance.
• Shows interest in using a spoon or fork.
• Begins to take off simple clothing items, such as
socks or hats, with assistance.
Age 18-24 months:
• Uses a spoon or fork with increasing
independence.
• Drinks from a cup with minimal assistance.
• Shows interest in washing hands and may
attempt to do so with assistance.
• Begins to brush teeth with assistance.
Age 2-3 years:
• Feeds themselves with a spoon or fork independently.
• Drinks from a cup without spilling.
• Begins to wash hands independently with supervision.
• Shows interest in dressing themselves and may attempt
to put on simple clothing items, such as shirts or pants,
with assistance.
Age 3-4 years:
• Eats with utensils independently and shows improved
table manners.
• Drinks from a regular cup without assistance.
• Washes hands independently and understands the
importance of good hygiene.
• Begins to dress and undress with minimal assistance,
including buttons and zippers.

18. Age 2-3 years:
• Begins to engage in cooperative play with other
children.
• Shows improved sharing and turn-taking skills during
play.
• Demonstrates increased self-awareness and may use
personal pronouns (e.g., "I," "me").
• Shows emerging empathy and may comfort others
who are upset.
Age 3-4 years:
• Engages in more complex pretend play with others.
• Shows increased ability to express and regulate
emotions.
• Begins to understand and follow simple rules and
routines.
• Demonstrates increased independence in self-care
tasks
Age 4-5 years:
• Engages in cooperative play and group activities with
peers.
• Demonstrates improved conflict resolution skills and
negotiation abilities.
• Shows empathy and understanding of others'
perspectives.
• Begins to understand and follow more complex social
rules.
Age 5-6 years:
• Engages in cooperative play with clear roles and
rules.
• Shows increased self-control and emotional
regulation.
• Demonstrates improved ability to take turns, share,
and compromise.
• Begins to understand and navigate more complex
social dynamics.

19. Age 4-5 years:
• Demonstrates improved self-feeding skills, including
cutting food with a knife.
• Uses the toilet independently and manages personal
hygiene (e.g., wiping, washing hands).
• Dresses and undresses independently, including
buttons, zippers, and snaps.
• Begins to tie shoelaces with assistance.
Age 5-6 years:
• Eats independently with proper table
manners and uses utensils effectively.
• Manages personal hygiene tasks
independently, including using the toilet
and washing hands.
• Dresses and undresses without
assistance, including more complex
clothing items.
• Demonstrates increased independence in
self-care routines, such as brushing teeth
and combing hair.

20. Reading Development Milestone
7
This milestone guide describes the progression of reading skills, including letter recognition, phonics
awareness, sight word recognition, reading fluency, and comprehension abilities.
Pre-Reading Stage (Birth to Age 5):
• Shows interest in books and enjoys being
read to.
• Begins to recognize and identify familiar
objects and pictures in books.
• Develops listening and comprehension skills
through story time.
• Explores books by turning pages, pointing to
pictures, and making simple connections
between pictures and words.
Emergent Reader Stage (Ages 5-7):
• Recognizes and names uppercase and
lowercase letters.
• Begins to understand that letters represent
sounds (phonemic awareness).
• Matches spoken words with written words.
• Uses basic sight words and context clues to read
simple texts.
• Begins to decode and blend simple words.

21. Early Reader Stage (Ages 7-9):
• Reads simple, familiar texts independently.
• Develops fluency and reads with expression.
• Expands vocabulary and understands more
complex sentence structures.
• Begins to use strategies such as sounding out
unfamiliar words and using context clues for
comprehension.
• Begins to read for different purposes (e.g., to
gain information, for enjoyment).
Fluent Reader Stage (Ages 9+):
• Reads fluently and with good comprehension across a
wide range of texts.
• Demonstrates a larger vocabulary and understanding of
more complex texts.
• Uses strategies such as predicting, inferring, and
summarizing to enhance comprehension.
• Engages in higher-level thinking skills, including analysis
and evaluation of texts.
• Reads independently for pleasure and for academic
purposes

22. Mathematic Development Milestone
8
This milestone guide outlines the progression of mathematical skills, such as counting, number recognition,
basic operations, understanding patterns, and problem-solving abilities.
Age 0-2 years:
• Begins to recognize and name basic shapes
(e.g., circle, square).
• Explores and manipulates objects of different
sizes and textures.
• Shows an understanding of basic concepts like
"more" and "less."
• Begins to recognize and name numbers 1-10 with
support.
Age 2-3 years:
• Sorts objects based on attributes (e.g., color,
shape, size).
• Begins to understand and use basic counting
skills up to 5.
• Matches objects based on similarities and
differences.
• Begins to understand and use basic concepts like
"empty" and "full."

23. Age 3-4 years:
• Counts and recognizes numbers up to 10.
• Begins to understand and use basic addition and
subtraction concepts (e.g., combining and separating
objects).
• Recognizes and creates simple patterns (e.g., ABAB
or ABCABC).
• Begins to understand and use basic measurement
concepts (e.g., longer, shorter, heavier, lighter).
Age 4-5 years:
• Counts and recognizes numbers up to 20 or higher.
• Understands and uses basic mathematical operations
(e.g., addition, subtraction) with objects or pictures.
• Begins to understand and use basic concepts of time
(e.g., morning, afternoon, night) and money (e.g.,
recognizing coins and their values).
• Begins to understand and use basic spatial concepts
(e.g., in, on, under).
Age 5-6 years:
• Counts and recognizes numbers up to 100 or
higher.
• Begins to understand and use basic concepts of
multiplication and division.
• Shows an understanding of basic fractions (e.g.,
halves, thirds).
• Begins to understand and use basic geometric
concepts (e.g., shapes, symmetry).

24. Benefit for Teachers
• Individualized Instruction.
• Early Intervention
• Differentiated Teaching
• Planning Engaging Activities
• Effective Assessment
Overall, knowledge of child development milestones empowers primary school teachers to be more effective
educators by supporting individualized instruction, early intervention, differentiated teaching, setting realistic
expectations, planning engaging activities, conducting effective assessments, and building collaborative
partnerships with parents

25. Thinking Process
• Age Limit.
• Lack of Training and resources.
• Problem solving Approach.

26. Thank You
Dar-e-Arqam Schools
PSSP Hafizabad