Running Header: PROJECT BASED LEARNING PROJECT BASED LEARNING 6 Effects of project based learning on education Marcus Coleman Ashford University Effects of in cooperating Project based Learning in the school curriculum Introduction Learning is determined by a number of factors, some of which are environmental related while others are not. The approach of teaching is one of the major determinants of learning as far classroom learning is concerned, however there has been a concern that the current approaches to learning are a little too abstract. Lack of real life scenarios and too much theory has been responsible for the growing apathy towards learning. It is for this reason that studies are being contacted to see if the change in tact can improve learning. One of the suggested ways is the project based learning approach which uses non fictional concepts for teaching. Purpose of the study The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of in cooperating project based learning in the school curriculum. The study seeks to ascertain if there is any relationship between projects based learning and the improvement in scores for students (Daniel 2012). Previous studies have shown that students are likely to improve in cases where some form of simulation or use of no fictional material. According to these, the use of non fictional approaches stimulates the students to look at issues from the reality perspective hence making it easy to internalize whatever they are learning for the sake of being able to remember, however these studies have not clearly explained the actual relationships that exist between the performance and the project based learning. There are other factors which could have in for the findings to be so, for those studies, this study would critically examine the direct impact that project based learning has on students. Research questions 1. Will the incorporation of project based learning improve students state assessment scores as it relates to the common core state standards in comprehending non fiction text? 2. Will the inclusion of project based learning improve student application of comprehending non fictional text at a high depth of learning level? 3. How does project based learning integrate clear expectations and essential criteria and remain successful In research, data is an important factor because it is the one which determines the findings and recommendations for the, decisions to be made (Peter 2011). The main data collection methods will be observation, interviews and artifacts, questionnaires will also be used to collect data concerning the stakeholders. Observation will be effective tools for confirming how students behave in classes, when the various approaches are used. Students will be observed in a classroom setting and comparisons be made between those classes that imp.

1. Running Header: PROJECT BASED LEARNING
PROJECT BASED LEARNING
6
Effects of project based learning on education
Marcus Coleman
Ashford University
Effects of in cooperating Project based Learning in the school
curriculum
Introduction
Learning is determined by a number of factors, some of which
are environmental related while others are not. The approach of
teaching is one of the major determinants of learning as far
classroom learning is concerned, however there has been a
concern that the current approaches to learning are a little too
abstract. Lack of real life scenarios and too much theory has
been responsible for the growing apathy towards learning. It is
for this reason that studies are being contacted to see if the
change in tact can improve learning. One of the suggested ways
is the project based learning approach which uses non fictional

2. concepts for teaching.
Purpose of the study
The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of in
cooperating project based learning in the school curriculum.
The study seeks to ascertain if there is any relationship between
projects based learning and the improvement in scores for
students (Daniel 2012). Previous studies have shown that
students are likely to improve in cases where some form of
simulation or use of no fictional material. According to these,
the use of non fictional approaches stimulates the students to
look at issues from the reality perspective hence making it easy
to internalize whatever they are learning for the sake of being
able to remember, however these studies have not clearly
explained the actual relationships that exist between the
performance and the project based learning. There are other
factors which could have in for the findings to be so, for those
studies, this study would critically examine the direct impact
that project based learning has on students.
Research questions
1. Will the incorporation of project based learning improve
students state assessment scores as it relates to the common
core state standards in comprehending non fiction text?
2. Will the inclusion of project based learning improve student
application of comprehending non fictional text at a high depth
of learning level?
3. How does project based learning integrate clear expectations
and essential criteria and remain successful
In research, data is an important factor because it is the one
which determines the findings and recommendations for the,
decisions to be made (Peter 2011). The main data collection
methods will be observation, interviews and artifacts,
questionnaires will also be used to collect data concerning the
stakeholders. Observation will be effective tools for confirming
how students behave in classes, when the various approaches
are used. Students will be observed in a classroom setting and
comparisons be made between those classes that implement

3. project based learning and those that do not. Interviews will be
conducted among teachers to confirm is they have a different
opinion between those who have experienced various
approaches so that they can give their views concerning the
project based learning. The use of artifacts for learning is
important because it confirms the practicality of the approaches
that are learnt.
Data collection tools are developed based on the forms of data
which is expected, for example if a questionnaire is to be
developed for quantitative data, and then the same cannot be
used for qualitative information because the format would be
different. Data collections also determine how much money
would be spend on the study because the cost in terms of time
and money are important when it comes to budgeting (James
2009) .
Value of Collected Data
The selected data will inform the researchers on the best
methods to choose the way to learning. Data from
questionnaires will be analyzed such that the findings can be
used to make recommendations, on which actions would be
taken. As for interviews the teachers who have experience in
teaching the conventional way and the project based way would
help to study and make comparisons in order to come up with
the approach that works.
Observation will be crucial and valuable because of the fact that
it would it is one of the most accurate and reliable way of
making sure that the there is reliability. Observation is also
good because it does not provide biases for the person
collecting, since the students are likely to be themselves unlike
situations which provide an opportunity for students to pretend.
Data cannot be valuable is it is not well managed. Proper data
management ensures that cleaning and coding are done to the
full and also the process of analyzing the data is the correct
one. Data collection methods determines the way in which the
data will be analyzed because of the format.

4. References
James, P.(2009). How to design survey tools. London:
Macmillan
Peter, T.(2011). Introduction to research methods. Oxford:
Oxford University Press
Daniel, M.(2012). Quantitative methods. Cambridge: CP
Appendices
Research Questions
Data Collection Tool
Why this tool? Justify its use in your study. How does it match
with what you are attempting to find and to measure?
Will the incorporation of project-based learning improve
students’ state assessment scores as it relates to the Common

5. Core State Standards in comprehending non-fiction text?
District Common Assessments (post-test)
This research question requires quantitative data collection. The
answer of this question is either yes, the incorporation improves
test scores or no, it does not. District common assessments,
which assess Common Core State Standards as well, can also be
used for post-test data.
Will the inclusion of project-based learning improve student
application of comprehending non-fiction text at a high depth of
knowledge level?
Pretests and post-tests
Pre- and post-tests can give quantitative data to support
findings in the examination of the artifacts and with the
observations.
How does project-based learning integrate clear expectations
and essential criteria and remain successful?*
Questionnaires
This question seems to only be able to warrant qualitative data
collection because it needs first-hand accounts of what
expectations and criteria were used that indicated success.
Questionnaires can give the researcher an opportunity to view
how the teachers instill the expectations in the students.
LEARNING INTERACTIONS
Interactions
Marcus Coleman
Ashford University
Dr.Miller
Area of concern
Diversity is apart of the learning process

6. How learners interact is crucial in diversity
Interactions helps students develop skills
Understanding the interactions will develop teachers’
knowledge (Markee 2015)
The study seeks to address class interactions
In the current learning places or classes, diversity is one thing
that cannot be avoided because of cultural dynamism. Class
interaction is crucial because it is the major determinant of how
people are going to learn. The study will seek to understanding
the role of interaction in classes and how teachers can benefit
from the same
2
Problem statement
Based on past studies, interactions affect results
The interactions concern all the stakeholders
The earlier interaction of students affect relationships (Manke
1997)
More skills are learnt and earlier age
Learning happens better during participation
According to the past studies, the way learners interact with the
teachers and their fellow learners and even parents have a great
impact on performance. When pupils start interacting early in
life, they develop mores skills later on in life. The earlier
interactions are key because they determine the level of skills
development.
3
Background
Most students experience minimal interaction

7. There more restrictions in classrooms
These effects are also felt across different levels
Some students resist the interaction with other parties
There is more excitement in groups
According to observation, in the school, students are not very
keen on interactions because they prefer being paired with
people who have similar interests. The reason why this is so
could be because the students face restrictions from the
teachers hence the attitude.
4
Intervention
Develop different tasks levels
Teachers to develop a varied version of work plan
Students would be less intimidated
Repeat the tasks and reverse the interactions
Students with special skills will be helped differently
There are various interventions which have been tried as part of
getting the solution to the problem. Developing different levels
of tasks is important because it helps the teachers to classify the
learners based on their capability. When students are mixed
with those of their friends who lack similar skills or those who
posses more knowledge.
5
Benefits of the interventions
The results produced are relevant
It examines the causes of the problem

8. Provides a basis for solutions
Guides the population in doing what is right
The interventions are important because they are relevant to the
problem hence it would contribute to the development of
solutions. It would also act as a guideline to defining the
population.
6
Philosophy
Teaching is passing knowledge
Understands qualities of education
Virtual and classroom teaching have different results
Ensures that problems are solved
Social principles
Social principles are standard
They provide standards for education
Social relations boost learning
The focus is on students and teachers
The challenges can be handled when interactions improve

9. Social principles are defined as standards which are used to
define the expectations of the class. The interaction between the
teacher and students are supported by the standards.
8
Intervention plan
To provide equal chances to students
Identify and solve the problem
Develop hypothesis and solutions
Availability of teachers improves skills
Elimination of levels of interactions
The plan would be developed such that it can be able to provide
equal chances to students and also provide solutions through the
hypothesis.
9
Participants
Teachers are main stakeholders
Students- they interact and learn
Parents
Other school workers
Each of the participants have special roles as far as class
interactions are concerned. Teachers have the special and
important role of directing all the activities and interactions
within the class set up. In the absence the teacher, students
cannot learn anything in terms of skills and knowledge.

10. Students interact with fellow students, which is an important
part of this study. They students also interact with teachers and
parents. Parents provide facilities and other employees like
cleaners also ensure that classes are habitable.
10
Research Questions
Why is student to student interaction advantageous?
What are the problems faced when trying to enhance
interaction?
How can we endorse a raise in student interaction?
The study will seek to examine the advantages of student
interactions, the interactions would focus on student to student
and student to teacher interactions. The study will also examine
the problems and challenges that are faced with students during
the interactions. Lastly, it would also be important to endorse
the interaction of students.
11
Literature review
Hypothesis will be developed from the two
The role of literature review is to provide insight
It is pre emption of actual research
It improves quality of research
Literature review is basically the relationship between what has
been done before in other researchers and what is intended to be
researched on now. It provides an insight into what other people
have done.

11. 12
Data collection tools
Research questions
Surveys
Questionnaires
Observation
Control charts
Interviews
The study will get data from observing students in the
classroom set up and also do a survey within the school
premises. Questionnaires will also be given to teachers .
13
Conclusion
The interaction are good for learning
Teachers play key role in interactions
Each participant has an irreplaceable role
Limitations and restrictions are bad for interactions
(Kumpulainen 2002)
Interaction help in developing social skills
Interactions are at the center of the study because they are the
major determinants of students ability to learn and understand.
While the people who drive the students like teachers play key
roles, still it is upon the children that they manage to build their
own interactions with fellow learners.

12. 14
References
Kumpulainen, K. & Wray, D. (2002). Classroom interaction and
social learning: from theory to practice. London New York:
RoutledgeFalmer.
Manke, M. (1997). Classroom Power Relations Understanding
Student-teacher Interaction. Hoboken: Taylor & Francis.
Markee, N. (2015). The handbook of classroom discourse and
interaction. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
Running Header: PROJECT BASED LEARNING
PROJECT BASED LEARNING
6
Effects of project based learning on education
Marcus Coleman
Ashford University
Effects of in cooperating Project based Learning in the school
curriculum

13. Introduction
Learning is determined by a number of factors, some of which
are environmental related while others are not. The approach of
teaching is one of the major determinants of learning as far
classroom learning is concerned, however there has been a
concern that the current approaches to learning are a little too
abstract. Lack of real life scenarios and too much theory has
been responsible for the growing apathy towards learning. It is
for this reason that studies are being contacted to see if the
change in tact can improve learning. One of the suggested ways
is the project based learning approach which uses non fictional
concepts for teaching.
Purpose of the study
The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of in
cooperating project based learning in the school curriculum.
The study seeks to ascertain if there is any relationship between
projects based learning and the improvement in scores for
students (Daniel 2012). Previous studies have shown that
students are likely to improve in cases where some form of
simulation or use of no fictional material. According to these,
the use of non fictional approaches stimulates the students to
look at issues from the reality perspective hence making it easy
to internalize whatever they are learning for the sake of being
able to remember, however these studies have not clearly
explained the actual relationships that exist between the
performance and the project based learning. There are other
factors which could have in for the findings to be so, for those
studies, this study would critically examine the direct impact
that project based learning has on students.
Research questions
1. Will the incorporation of project based learning improve
students state assessment scores as it relates to the common
core state standards in comprehending non fiction text?
2. Will the inclusion of project based learning improve student
application of comprehending non fictional text at a high depth
of learning level?

14. 3. How does project based learning integrate clear expectations
and essential criteria and remain successful
In research, data is an important factor because it is the one
which determines the findings and recommendations for the,
decisions to be made (Peter 2011). The main data collection
methods will be observation, interviews and artifacts,
questionnaires will also be used to collect data concerning the
stakeholders. Observation will be effective tools for confirming
how students behave in classes, when the various approaches
are used. Students will be observed in a classroom setting and
comparisons be made between those classes that implement
project based learning and those that do not. Interviews will be
conducted among teachers to confirm is they have a different
opinion between those who have experienced various
approaches so that they can give their views concerning the
project based learning. The use of artifacts for learning is
important because it confirms the practicality of the approaches
that are learnt.
Data collection tools are developed based on the forms of data
which is expected, for example if a questionnaire is to be
developed for quantitative data, and then the same cannot be
used for qualitative information because the format would be
different. Data collections also determine how much money
would be spend on the study because the cost in terms of time
and money are important when it comes to budgeting (James
2009) .
Value of Collected Data
The selected data will inform the researchers on the best
methods to choose the way to learning. Data from
questionnaires will be analyzed such that the findings can be
used to make recommendations, on which actions would be
taken. As for interviews the teachers who have experience in
teaching the conventional way and the project based way would
help to study and make comparisons in order to come up with
the approach that works.
Observation will be crucial and valuable because of the fact that

15. it would it is one of the most accurate and reliable way of
making sure that the there is reliability. Observation is also
good because it does not provide biases for the person
collecting, since the students are likely to be themselves unlike
situations which provide an opportunity for students to pretend.
Data cannot be valuable is it is not well managed. Proper data
management ensures that cleaning and coding are done to the
full and also the process of analyzing the data is the correct
one. Data collection methods determines the way in which the
data will be analyzed because of the format.
References
James, P.(2009). How to design survey tools. London:
Macmillan
Peter, T.(2011). Introduction to research methods. Oxford:
Oxford University Press
Daniel, M.(2012). Quantitative methods. Cambridge: CP

16. Appendices
Research Questions
Data Collection Tool
Why this tool? Justify its use in your study. How does it match
with what you are attempting to find and to measure?
Will the incorporation of project-based learning improve
students’ state assessment scores as it relates to the Common
Core State Standards in comprehending non-fiction text?
District Common Assessments (post-test)
This research question requires quantitative data collection. The
answer of this question is either yes, the incorporation improves
test scores or no, it does not. District common assessments,
which assess Common Core State Standards as well, can also be
used for post-test data.
Will the inclusion of project-based learning improve student
application of comprehending non-fiction text at a high depth of
knowledge level?
Pretests and post-tests
Pre- and post-tests can give quantitative data to support
findings in the examination of the artifacts and with the
observations.
How does project-based learning integrate clear expectations
and essential criteria and remain successful?*
Questionnaires
This question seems to only be able to warrant qualitative data
collection because it needs first-hand accounts of what
expectations and criteria were used that indicated success.
Questionnaires can give the researcher an opportunity to view
how the teachers instill the expectations in the students.