Canadian Forces in the Arctic-Communications
•
1 like•2,876 views
March 2015 Brief on Canadian Communications Forces in Alaska and the Arctic
Recommended
More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (10)
Similar to Canadian Forces in the Arctic-Communications
Similar to Canadian Forces in the Arctic-Communications (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
Canadian Forces in the Arctic-Communications
- 1. Canadian Armed Forces Arctic Communications Presentation to AFCEA (Alaska Chapter) 04 Mar 2015 - Capt KP Hjalmarson -
- 2. 1) Conduct daily domestic and continental operations, including in the Arctic and through NORAD 2) Support a major international event in Canada, such as the 2010 Olympics 3) Respond to a major terrorist attack 4) Support civilian authorities during a crisis in Canada such as a natural disaster 5) Lead and/or conduct a major international operation for an extended period 6) Deploy forces in response to crises elsewhere in the world for shorter periods Canadian Forces Core Missions
- 3. Outline • Part 1 – Joint Task Force North (JTF(N)) • Part 2 – Permanent Comms Organizations • Part 3 – Comms Systems and Facilities • Part 4 – Comms Capabilities • Part 5 – Arctic Exercises • Part 6 – Navy (time permitting) 3
- 4. Part 1 • Intro to JTFN – Mission, Role and Tasks – Org – AOR and AOI – Infrastructure – Operational Factors – Commander’s Considerations 4
- 5. Joint Task Force North JTFN HQ Yellowknife Det Iqaluit Det Whitehorse 5
- 6. 1 Canadian Ranger Patrol Group (1 CRPG) • 50 HQ personnel • 1850 Rangers • 60 communities 440 (Transport) Sqn • 51 personnel • 4 x Twin Otters Headquarters (Yellowknife) • 69 personnel • Det Yukon (3) • Det Nunavut (4) Junior Canadian Rangers (JCR) • 1650 JCR • 41 communities Area Support Unit North (ASU(N)) • 51 personnel JTF(N) Organizational Structure 6
- 7. • 4 million sq km • 40% of Canada’s landmass • 36,563 islands with 15 being over 100,000 sq km in size • 75% of Canada’s coastline - larger than Pacific and Atlantic coasts put together - include internal strait (Northwest Passage (NWP)) • Consists of the Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories and Nunavut Territory • Population – 107,265 Large land mass – Arctic archipelago – Canada’s third coast JTFN AOR 7
- 8. JTFN Area Of Interest The JTFN AOI encompasses the bulk of the area north of 60 N • Five circumpolar nations share rights to the Arctic natural resources - Canada, Denmark, Norway, Russia, and the USA • Other countries such as China, North Korea, Sweden, Germany, UK and the European Union have voiced great interest in the Arctic natural resources and the possibility of trans- polar Sea Lines of Communication (SLOC) 8
- 9. • Infrastructure in the north is difficult to maintain • The structures that exist are often remnants of old military facilities or scientific research stations • New stations such DRDC’s Northern Watch are under construction • NORAD’s Forward Operating Locations (FOLs) are located in Iqaluit, Rankin Inlet, Yellowknife and Inuvik - The Rankin Inlet FOL is currently inactive • JTFN HQ is located in Yellowknife Limited infrastructure and road systems – Lack of redundancy Infrastructure 9
- 10. Factors Operating in the North • Time and space • Air / Avn dependancy • High operating costs • Lack of infrastructure • Weather, climate, light • Sea states and sea ice • Geography/Topography • Protected areas 10
- 11. Doctrinal Considerations • Command – size of AOR = continental or strategic distances – physical and comms infrastructure limitations – collaboration with partners = nodal connectivity = interoperability • Sense – ISR infrastructure requirements • Sustain – distances, austerity, climate – Northern Operational Hubs – resupply – consequences of error • Act – own forces (comms) capabilities (JTFN = limited, Cdn Rangers, forces from the South) – partners’ (comms) capabilities – almost always a Roto 0 – freedom of manoeuvre • Shield – Mother nature: climate, magnetic and space effects – comms infrastructure and mission continuity 11
- 12. Part 2 Arctic Communications Organizational Structures 12
- 13. Current JTFN Comm & Info System (CIS) Organizations J6 Maj Buehl CCO MWO Pau JTFN HQ JTFN / Area Support Unit(North) / Telecom&Info Svcs(TIS) 13
- 14. Part 3 Arctic Comms Systems and Facilities 14
- 15. Service Providers in the North 1. Northwest Tel 2. SSi Micro 3. Ice Wireless 4. Telesat 15
- 16. Red – NWS Yellow – Fibre Green – Microwave Tower 75º N 84º N 60º N 49º N 16
- 17. 17 FIBRE 18 of 75 communities serviced by Fibre
- 18. 18 MICROWAVE 22 of 75 communities serviced by Microwave
- 19. 19 CELLULAR SERVICES 37 of 75 communities serviced by Cell Services
- 20. 20 CABLE INTERNET 3 of 75 communities serviced by Cable Internet
- 21. Satellite Communications • C Band • Ku Band • Ka Band • X Band 21
- 22. WIDEBAND GLOBAL SATCOM SYS (WGS) 22
- 23. Satellite coverage Ku Band/C Band Inmarsat BGAN Ka Band Iridium 23
- 24. Satellite Coverage - Anik F2 Ku Band Coverage up to 80° N 24
- 25. Challenges in the North • Cost • Latency • Bandwidth 25
- 26. 26 SATCOM SERVICES ONLY 37 of 75 communities serviced by Satellite only
- 27. Current CF HF Resources BLOS Shearwater MACS Edmonton MACS Debert MACS Trenton Ops Ctr NRS Halifax Ops Ctr NRS Esquimalt Ops Ctr FOL Inuvik FOL Yellowknife FOL Rankin Inlet FOL Iqaluit BLOS Tofino BLOS CADS North Bay BLOS Inuvik BLOS Debert BLOS Iqaluit BLOS Resolute Bay CFS Gander CFS Alert CFS Masset CFS Lietrim Ops Ctr BLOS Edmonton Military Aeronautical Communications System (MACS) - 25 yrs old, almost unsupportable Naval Radio Stations (NRS) – antiquated NORAD Forward Operating Locations (FOL) – Yellowknife U/S CADS Beyond Line Of Sight (BLOS) Sites Canadian Forces Information Operations Group (CFIOG) Sites 27
- 28. SKP = Skull Point BKT = Black Top YKE = Yankee VTR = Victor IDA GRT = Grant ALT = Alert 40 Km 122 Km 89 Km 55 Km 83 Km 109 Km 19 Km WKY = Whiskey SKP BKT ALT YKE WKY VTR IDAGRT SKP UPP Satellite ANIK F2 OBB Ottawa High Arctic Data Communications System -6 Mountain top MW repeaters -14 Mbps full duplex data -Entirely solar powered 28
- 29. North Warning Radar Sites 29
- 30. • 15 airfields capable of accommodating the CC-177 in JTFN AO • CC130J can reach all locations from Hubs • CC-138 Twin Otter useful in reaching more remote locations (potential incident site) • Alternate Hubs identified to support incidents not in the vicinity of C130 capable airfields • Every effort made to eliminate 2 tactical lifts for responding forces (C17 – C130 – CC-138 / rotary wing) Inuvik Hub Yellowknife Hub Iqaluit Hub Resolute Bay Hub Whitehorse Rankin Inlet Cambridge Bay Hall Beach Northern Operational Hubs 30
- 32. Part 4 JTF(N) Comms Capabilities 32
- 33. Strat HF JTFN 1 Kw HF system • Transmitter – Located at Kam Lake approx 5 km away • Console in COMCEN remoted into JOC 33
- 34. QRT (JTFN HQ) • 1* HF radio transceiver • 1* 400 w HF power amplifier • 1* generator • 1* Cryptographic equipment • 1* high speed radio modem • 1* laptop computer • 1* automatic link establishment module • 1* antenna system • RF 6760 34
- 35. PCX -250 (1 CRPG) • 10 W PEP • -30 - +50 • 10 X D Cell btys • SSB – USB • 3 – 8 MHZ (Std) • 2 – 10 MHZ (Optional) 35
- 36. CODAN MRX • Email, Chat, Fax, GPS Tracking and Telephone Support • 500W (HQ config) / 125W RF Power Output • MIL-STD-141B-ALE • MIL-STD-810F • HQ and Depl configurations • Commercially transportable • Highly deployable & Lightweight Pelican Case System • Universal & Automated AC/DC/Battery Operation Power Input - UPS Protected (Lithium-Ion) • Legacy System interoperability • Multiple COMSEC Solutions 36
- 37. AN/PRC 138 The AN/PRC-138 weighs less than 10 pounds (without batteries) and can include VHF operation, data modem, ECCM controller, ALE, and encryption for both voice and data. 37
- 38. Iridium Satellite Phones • Most common means of deployed communications • 4.8Kbs BW • Voice only • Battery operated • Secure comms with sleeve • Line of sight to constellation 38
- 39. Iridium OpenPort • Global coverage: sat comm capability at high latitudes • Voice via up to 3 x phone • Data via 1 x Internet: DWAN and CSNI • 128 kbs bandwidth • Exterior antenna rated to -30C • Expensive to use (especially data) 39
- 40. Galaxy Scout Terminals • Galaxy Broadband Communications Inc • 1 meter dish • Ka band w/ up to 1.5Mb BW • Uses: – Video teleconference – Internet access – VoIP – large data transfer • Very successful operation Op Nanook 12 • Proprietary operation on beams 1, 2 & 3 of Anik F2 for Ka-band 40
- 41. GATR • Juch-tech 2.4 meter dish • Weather protected • SATMEX • Ku band • Trialed on Op NANOOK 13 in Resolute Bay and Iqaluit 41
- 42. BGAN - LCS • Used with the Light Comm Suites (LCS) but not in the north. Providing: – CSNI – DWAN via DVPNI – Voice 42
- 43. Personnel Trackers Solara Data Tracker Track24 43
- 44. Part 5 JTF(N) Operations and Exercises 44
- 45. Op NANOOK Op NANOOK Op NUNALIVUT JTF(N) Core Operations Op NEVUS Op NUNAKPUT 45
- 46. Ex TRILLIUM RESPONSE - 4 Cdn Div - 15-23 Feb - 320 Pers Ex ARCTIC RAM - 3 Cdn Div - 15-23 Feb - 325-350 Pers Ex GUERRIER NORDIQUE - 2 Div C - 1-9 Mar - 150 Pers Ex SABRE GLACÉ - 2 Div C - 20 Mar - 1Apr - 150 Pers CAF Training North of 60 46
- 47. Roles of the Canadian Forces 1) Defending Canada - The Canadian Forces must ensure the security of our citizens and help exercise Canada's sovereignty 2) Defending North America - Delivering excellence at home also helps us contribute to the defence of North America in cooperation with the United States, Canada's closest ally. 3) Contributing to International Peace and Security - As a trading nation in a highly globalized world, Canada's prosperity and security rely on stability abroad.
- 48. Questions ?