8. Problem statement
II
Low
Low
High
High
Task the learner cannot
yet complete even with
assistance
Tasks the learner can
complete without
assistance
Zone
of Proxim
al Developm
ent
Level
of
challenge
Level of competence
22. Walker, R A (2010), Socioculture issues in motivation, Social Interaction, p.86,
<https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/psychology/zone-of-proximal-development>.
Dorst, K 2012, How design can improve public space, 19 June, online video, viewed 7 June 2023,
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPsmww461pI&ab_channel=DesignIndaba>.
Dorst, K (2015), Frame Innovation Create New Thinking by Design, pp 224, The MIT Press.
Gibbons, S 2018, Journey Mapping 101, Design Process, viewed 7 June 2023,
<https://www.nngroup.com/articles/journey-mapping-101/>.
MIddleton, J 2015, New thinking resolves complex problems with design, viewed 7 June 2023,
<https://www.uts.edu.au/about/faculty-design-architecture-and-building/news/new-
thinking-resolves-complex-problems-design>.
Reference
23. Holtzblatt, K, Beyer, H R (2014), 'Contextual Design' , <https://www.interaction-
design.org/literature/book/the-encyclopedia-of-human-computer-interaction-2nd-
ed/contextual-design>.