2. What is Soldering ?
• Formation of Metal to Metal joint using solder.
• In Soldering there are 4 key Elements –
1. Iron
2. solder wire
3. flux
4. component
3. Soldering Iron
A soldering iron is a hand tool used in
soldering. It supplies heat to melt solder
so that it can flow into the joint between
two work pieces.
A soldering iron is composed of a heated
metal tip (the bit) and an insulated handle.
Heating is often achieved electrically, by
passing an electric current through a resistive heating element.
5. The most common types of solder wire include:
• Lead based solder wire - Leaded tin solder wire is one of the most
popular types of soldering wires available today because it has excellent
electrical conductivity and can be used for just about any type of
soldering job you need to be done.
• Lead free solder wire - This type of solder wire is made from an alloy that
does not contain lead or cadmium, so it's safe to use in areas where you
cannot use lead-based products. It also has better electrical conductivity
than other types of solder wire, making it ideal for delicate electronic
work like electronics repair and building circuits and projects.
• Core flux solder wire - Solder containing a reducing agent in the center is
called flux core solder, and it comes on a "wire" spool. By reversing the
oxidation of the metal at the soldering contact site, flux helps to create a
more pristine electrical connection.
6. FACTOR TO CONSIDER WHEN USING SOLDER
WIRES
• Melting Point - The melting point of the solder determines how hot it
needs to be before it melts. If the temperature is too low, then the
solder will not melt and flow properly. If it is too high, then it may
burn or melt too quickly when applied to a joint. If a joint burns too
quickly, it can damage nearby components or cause other problems
like shorts in your circuit.
7. • Conductivity - The electrical conductivity of a solder determines how well
it conducts electricity through your circuit as well as how much heat it
can dissipate during use.
• Solder wire type - There are two types of solders available: lead-tin and
lead-free. Lead-tin solders have a high melting point and are ideal for
applications that require high heat resistance. However, lead-free solders
have lower melting points and are better for applications that require
more flexibility or electrical conductivity. Lead-free solders are also less
toxic than lead-tin solders.
• Solder Diameter - Solder size is just as important as solder type when
working with electronics. Solder is available in a wide range of diameters
to suit any need.
8. Flux
The purpose of flux in soldering is to remove and other metallic
impurities from the soldering surface and prepare a clean, solid joint.
Solder flux is a substance that helps clean and forms a strong bond
between parts of the electronics or wires.
9. Why Solder Flux use?
• To improve the bonding of the joints
• To clean surfaces of the joint
• To prevent oxidation
10. Advantages Of Soldering-
• It is a simple and economical process.
• Since it has been done at relatively low temperatures, no
metallurgical damage to the base metal.
• The soft solder joint can easily be dismantled by simple heating.
• Operator fatigue is less compared to the welding process. Soldering is
divided into two classifications: soft and hard.
11. Soldering Defects -
Soldering defects can significantly impact the performance of circuits
and joints in the short and long term.
• Cold joint - They are caused by
insufficient heat during the soldering
process, causing the solder to melt
partially, creating an inefficient electrical
connection and a weak mechanical
bond.
12. • Excess of solder - Whether you are joining two
wires, soldering a through-hole or SMD
component, or conducting other soldering
practices, using too much solder can lead to
untidy joints and potential problems.
• Solder Bridging - Solder bridges are
unintentional connections of two or more
pins that shouldn’t be connected
13. • Insufficient soldering –
When a joint lacks the proper amount of solder,
the resulting bond won’t be reliable or efficient
immediately.
• Dry Solder - This problem is similar to
insufficient solder and has almost the same
consequences. The difference is that, in this
case, the problem is not related to a lack of
solder but to solder that didn’t adhere properly
or at all to the component and board.
14. Safety Precautions -
• Never touch the soldering iron’s tip when hot, and keep your hands
away from hot air when using a reworking station.
• Never hold the workpieces with your hands; use tweezers, a soldering
vise, or clamps. If it’s extremely necessary to hold a piece using your
hands, ensure to wear heat-resistant work and proceed with extreme
precaution.
15. • Never leave the soldering iron on the floor, workbench, or anywhere apart
from its stand. The same applies to hot air guns.
• Turn the soldering iron or hot air gun off when unused.
• Use PPE’s .
