2. THERMAL POWER PLANT

3. In India 65% of total power is generated by
the Thermal Power Stations.
Yamunanagar Thermal Power Project i.e
D.C.R.T..P.P(Deen Bandhu ChotuRam
Thermal Power Plant) is a project of Haryana
Power Generation Corporation limited
(HPGCL). It is situated at village Kalanor In
Yamunanagar. Its total capacity is 600 MW as
at present with two units working with
capacity.
Having two unit of 2 x 300 MW = 600 MW

4. DIAGRAMMATIC COAL FIRED THERMAL
POWER PLANT

6.  Power generating units are
mega projects
 Require huge capital
investment
 Require natural resources
like fossil fuels
 Large amount of water
 Changes the local eco-
system
 Huge Impacts on the
Environment and Health
Coal fired Thermal Power
Plants

8.  Fly ash contains a toxic brew of dangerous chemicals and is the
largest contributor to mercury pollution

9.  Composition of Fly ash
It contains as main chemical components SiO2 (51.4
wt%), Al2O3 (22.1 wt%) and Fe2O3 (17.2 wt%; ignited
weight basis). As commonly observed, many toxic
elements and heavy metals are highly enriched in the
fly ash relative to the original coal. For example,
considerable amounts of Be (16.4 ppm), Cu (106 ppm),
Zn (578 ppm), As (40.4 ppm), Cd (2.6 ppm), Hg (18
ppm), Pb (71 ppm), and U (21.8 ppm) is found in Fly
ash.

11.  Water slurry is used to take the ash from the power
plant to the ash pond for disposal.
 Water slowly seeps into the ground while carrying
with it the ash leachate( Lye). This Water contains
harmful heavy metals like boron, which have a
tendency to leach out over a period of time.
 When fly ash comes into contact with water, leaches
into groundwater supplies which get polluted and
unsuitable for domestic use.
 The release of ash pond decant into the local water
bodies- water dries up, dust nuisance, increases
turbidity, decreases primary productivity, affects
fishes and other aquatic biota

12.  The exposure of
employees to high
noise levels is very high
 Increased
transportation
activities due to the
operation of the power
plants lead to increase
in noise levels in the
adjacent localities.

13.  Large amount of land is used
to dispose flyash from the coal
based plants
 Due to this there is change in
natural soil properties. It
becomes more alkaline due to
the alkaline nature of fly ash.
 Soft bodied soil workers like
earthworms will die out
 Food will contain a wider
cocktail of chemicals as
farmers try to correct the poor
productivity of crops

14.  Minamata disease sometimes referred
to as Chisso-Minamata disease is a
neurological syndrome caused by severe
mercury poisoning. Symptoms include
ataxia, numbness in the hands and feet,
general muscle weakness, narrowing of
the field of vision and damage to
hearing and speech. In extreme cases,
insanity, paralysis, coma and death
follow within weeks of the onset of
symptoms. A congenital form of the
disease can also affect fetuses in the
womb.

15.  Minamata disease was first
discovered in Minamata city in Japan
in 1956. It was caused by the release
of methyl mercury in the industrial
Waste water from the Chisso
Corporation's chemical factory,
which continued from 1932 to 1968.
This highly toxic chemical
bioaccumulated in shellfish and fish
in Minamata Bay and the Shiranui
Sea, which when eaten by the local
populace resulted in mercury
poisoning. While cat, dog, pig and
human deaths continued over more
than 30 years, the government and
company did little to prevent the
pollution.

16.  As of March 2001, 2,265
victims had been officially
recognised (1,784 of whom
had died)and over 10,000 had
received financial
compensation from Chisso.
Lawsuits and claims for
compensation continue to
this day.
 A memorial service was held
at the Minamata Disease
Municipal Museum on 1 May
2006 to mark 50 years since
the official discovery of the
disease.

17.  Toxicology:
 Elemental (metallic) mercury and all of its compounds are toxic,
exposure to excessive levels can permanently damage or fatally injure
the brain and kidneys.
 Elemental mercury can also be absorbed through the skin and cause
allergic reactions. Ingestion of inorganic mercury compounds can cause
severe renal and gastrointestinal damage.
 Organic compounds of mercury such as methyl mercury are considered
the most toxic forms of the element. Exposures to very small amounts of
these compounds can result in devastating neurological damage and
death.
 For fetuses, infants and children, the primary health effects of mercury
are on neurological development.
 Even low levels of mercury exposure such as result from mother's
consumption methyl mercury in dietary sources can adversely affect the
brain and nervous system.
 Impacts on memory, attention, language and other skills have been
found in children exposed to moderate levels in the womb.

18. Elemental Mercury is consumed by the aquatic
creatures which are later on consumed by humans
and other living beings…

19.  Each year power plants and chemical facilities
create many tons of mercury pollution, which
makes its way into our homes and bodies in fish.
 Two of the biggest sources of mercury pollution
are chlorine chemical plants and coal-fired power
plants. Chlorine plants, which use massive
quantities of mercury to extract chlorine from
salt, "lose" dozens of tons of mercury each year;
power plants emit around 50 tons of mercury
pollution annually. Coal is naturally
contaminated with mercury, and when it is
burned to generate electricity, mercury is released
into the air through the smokestacks.

20.  The cycle of mercury in nature is complex. This illustration
summarizes how methyl mercury accumulates at the higher
levels of the food chain and becomes concentrated in fish and
animals that eat fish.
 Methylmercury in the water and sediment is taken up by tiny
animals and plants known as plankton.
 Minnows and juvenile fish eat large quantities of plankton over
time.
 Larger predatory fish consume many smaller fish, accumulating
methylmercury in their tissues. The older and larger the fish, the
greater the potential for high mercury levels in their bodies.
 Fish are caught and eaten by humans and animals, causing
methylmercury to accumulate in human tissues.
 Most people are exposed to mercury by eating fish containing
mercury. There is no method of cooking or cleaning them that
will reduce the amount of mercury in a meal.

22.  Air borne mercury is highly toxic when inhaled. How does it
get in the air?
Metallic mercury slowly evaporates when exposed to the air.
The air in a room can reach unhealthy levels just from the
mercury in a broken thermometer;
 Mercury may be released into the air when coal, oil, or wood
are burned as fuel or when mercury-containing wastes are
incinerated. The resulting mercury concentrations in outdoor
air are usually low and of little direct concern. However,
mercury in the air can fall to the ground with rain and snow,
landing on soil or in bodies of water, causing contamination.
Lakes and rivers are also contaminated when there is a direct
discharge of mercury-laden industrial or municipal waste
into the water.
 When mercury enters bodies of water, biological processes
transform it to methylmercury, a highly toxic and
bioaccumulative form. Fish can absorb methylmercury from
their food and directly from water as it passes over their gills.

24. •
Water pollution
Vital sources of water culminated

25. •
Effects of thermal plants on us
•The air
•The water
•The food
Nothing will be spared
contamination

26. Temperature rising……
 Coal and water slurry must be heated to 800
degrees
 Water, already a scarce global resource will be
needed in ever bigger quantities both at the plant
and in surrounding areas
 The used slurry will be released into water
bodies and warm them, killing many sensitive life
forms
 The cap of smog will mean more heat:
greenhouse effect
 Enzyme activity in all life forms including human
completely stops at 48 degrees celsius
 Consequences of loss in the natural pest
predator balance will create a higher occurrence
in bacteriological diseases on an epidemic scale

27. •
Learning from the past….

28. •
Loss of habitats ,loss of assets
River Kabini, Chamalapura and
forests belts

29. •
Loss of wildlife

30. •
Loss of fertile land
Is this what we want?

31. CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES
• Prevention of transmission losses
• Hydoelectricity
• Solar and wind power
• Biofuels

32.  Uses of Fly ash
Fly ash is used in producing
very strong high power
concrete. Which is called Self
Compacting Concrete(SCC),
soil stabilization, fly ash fills
roads, precast products like
tiles and blocks, fly ash
bricks also called green
bricks , agricultural use ,
raising of dykes, mine filling
etc.