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oral_cavity_3.pdf
1. Inferior alveolar
artery
From the
maxillary artery
in the
infratemporal
fossa.
Enters the
mandibular
canal
supplying
vessels to
molars and
premolars
Divides opposite
the first premolar
into:
Mental branch: leaves the mental foramen to supply the chin
Incisor branch: continues in bone to supply the anterior teeth and
adjacent structures.
2. Posterior superior
alveolar artery
from the
maxillary artery
just after it enters
the
pterygopalatine
fossa
leaves the fossa
through the
pterygomaxillary
fissure.
Descends on the posterolateral surface of the maxilla,
branches, and enters small canals in the bone to supply
the molar and premolar teeth.
3. Anterior superior
alveolar artery
from the infra-
orbital artery,
which arises from
the maxillary
artery in the
pterygopalatine
fossa.
The infra-orbital
artery leaves the
pterygopalatine
fossa through the
inferior orbital
fissure and
enters the inferior
orbital groove
and canal in the
floor of the orbit
The anterior superior alveolar artery originates from
the infra-orbital artery in the infra-orbital canal.
Passes through bone and branches to supply the
incisor and canine teeth
4. Gingival blood supply
Buccal gingiva of the
lower teeth: inferior
alveolar artery
Lingual gingiva:
lingual artery of the
tongue
Buccal gingiva of the
upper teeth: anterior
and posterior
superior alveolar
arteries
Palatal gingiva:
greater palatine
5. Inferior alveolar
nerve
From mandibular
nerve in the
infratemporal fossa
Enter the
mandibular
foramen, travel
through the bone in
the mandibular
canal.
Branches to the
back teeth originate
directly from the
inferior alveolar
nerve.
Mental branch: exits the mandible through the mental foramen and
innervates the chin and lower lip
Incisor branch: innervates the first premolar, the canine, and the incisor
teeth, together with the associated vestibular (buccal) gingiva
6. The posterior superior
alveolar nerve
Originates directly
from the maxillary
nerve in the
pterygopalatine
fossa
Exits the
pterygopalatine
fossa through the
pterygomaxillary
fissure
Descends on the
posterolateral
surface of the
maxilla.
Enters the maxilla through a small foramen
Passes through the bone in the wall of the maxillary sinus.
Innervates the molar teeth
7. Middle superior alveolar
nerve
From the infra-
orbital nerve in
the infra-orbital
groove,
Passes
through the
bone in the
lateral wall of
the maxillary
sinus
innervates the
premolar teeth
From the infra-orbital nerve in the infra-orbital canal
Passes through the maxilla in the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus,
Supplies the canine and incisor teeth.
Anterior superior alveolar
nerve
11. Oral fissure and lips
Fissure: Slit-like opening between the lips that connects the oral
vestibule to the outside
Lips: composed of soft tissues, lined internally by oral mucosa and
covered externally by skin
The philtrum: shallow vertical groove on lip external surface
sandwiched between two elevated ridges of skin
Median labial frenulum: connects the lip to the adjacent gum
12. The oropharyngeal
isthmus
Opening between the
oral cavity and the
oropharynx
- Formed by:
Laterally:
palatoglossal arches;
Superiorly: soft
palate
Inferiorly: sulcus
terminalis of the
tongue that divides
the oral surface of
the tongue (anterior
two-thirds) from the
pharyngeal surface
(posterior one-third).
13. Salivary glands
(compound tuboalveolar glands)
minor salivary glands –
within mucosa
Secrete saliva all the time
to keep mouth moist
Major salivary glands
Paired (2 each)
Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual
External to mouth
Ducts to mouth
Secrete saliva only right
before or during eating
Saliva: mixture of water, ions, mucus, enzymes
keep mouth moist
dissolves food so can be tasted
moistens food
starts enzymatic digestion
buffers acid
antibacterial
14. Parotid gland
Largest (Serous)
Relations:
Superior: external
acoustic meatus
zygomatic arch
Anterior: ramus of
mandible
Posterior:
sternocleidomastoid
muscle behind
Inferior: posterior
belly of digastric
Facial nerve pass
through it and divide it
into:
Superficial lobe
Deep lobe
15. Parotid gland
Largest (Serous)
Relations:
Superior: external
acoustic meatus
zygomatic arch
Anterior: ramus of
mandible
Posterior:
sternocleidomastoid
muscle behind
Inferior: posterior
belly of digastric
Facial nerve pass
through it and divide it
into:
Superficial lobe
Deep lobe
16. Parotid gland
Parotid duct: (Stensen
duct)
Passes anteriorly
Lateral surface of
the masseter
muscle
penetrate the
buccinator muscle
Open into the oral
cavity opposite to
second upper molar
Contains:
External carotid
artery and terminal
branches
Retromandibular
vein
Facial nerve
18. Submandibular gland
Mixed, Hook shaped, two parts
Superficial part: (Large) in submandibular fossa inferior to the mylohyoid line
Deep part:
Loops around the posterior margin of the mylohyoid muscle
Within the floor of the oral cavity
Superior to the mylohyoid muscle
Lateral surface of the hyoglossus muscle
Submandibular duct (Wharton duct ): emerges from the medial side of the deep part
Lingual nerve loops under the submandibular duct
Opens into: sublingual caruncle (papilla) beside the base of frenulum of the
tongue
19. Sublingual gland
Smallest, Almond shaped, mainly mucus
Location:
Medial surface of the mandible (sublingual fossa)
Superior to the anterior one-third of mylohyoid muscle
Superior margin of the sublingual gland raises an elongate fold of mucosa
(sublingual fold) pass anteriorly to reach sublingual caruncle (papilla) beside the
base of frenulum of the tongue
Ducts:
Minor sublingual ducts: open onto the crest of the sublingual fold
Major sublingual duct: opens together with the submandibular duct on the
sublingual caruncle
20. Sensory: lingual
nerve
Parasympathetic
Facial nerve via
chorda tympani
nerve
Sympathatic:
periarterial nerve
plexuses around
the external
carotid artery
Following
distribution of
facial and lingual
arteries
Nerve supply of Submandibular
and Sublingual glands
Parasympathetic: increase saliva
secretion
Sympathatic: decrease saliva secretion
mainly by vasoconstriction
