![Introduction
• Tobacco use is associated with increased risk of several cancers
including
• Lung
• Larynx
• Oesophagus
• oral cavity and pharynx
• bladder
• pancreas
• kidney
Tobacco is the single most preventable cause of death in the world.
we know both active smoking and environmental tobacco smoke)
causes almost a fifth (19%) of all cancer cases in the UK each year.
[1]
• Liver
• Stomach
• Bowel
• Cervix
• Leukaemia
• Ovarian cancers](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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Smoking effect in the kidney, the urological point of view
- 1. Smoking effect in the kidney the urological point of view Dr. Abdulrahman M. Mathekor Abdulrahman.mathekor@gmail.com
- 2. Introduction • Tobacco use is associated with increased risk of several cancers including • Lung • Larynx • Oesophagus • oral cavity and pharynx • bladder • pancreas • kidney Tobacco is the single most preventable cause of death in the world. we know both active smoking and environmental tobacco smoke) causes almost a fifth (19%) of all cancer cases in the UK each year. [1] • Liver • Stomach • Bowel • Cervix • Leukaemia • Ovarian cancers
- 9. I will not speak about cancer But Can Cigarette cause Kidney Stones ?!!!!!
- 10. Nephrolithiasis is a widespread multifactorial disorder • Constitutional • environmental • genetic factors All play a role in stone formation. what is pathophysiology of stone formation in smoker ?!
- 11. Urinary tract stones more common among 1- individuals chronically exposed to cadmium as compared to the general population.[2,4,5] -Smoker has high body cadmium and lead level. cadmium (cd 18-78mcg /20 cigarttes) and lead (pb 0.9-2,5 mcg/20 cigarttes) for 20 brand of cigarettes [3]
- 12. 2- increase in plasma arginine vasopressin level in smokers. plasma arginine vasopressin has a strong antidiuretic action.[6]
- 13. 3- smoking can increase production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in the kidney, leading to renal injury These kidney injuries increase the nucleation, aggregation, and retention of crystals in the kidney thereby promoting the formation of stones[7.8]
- 14. • Recent study done in 2012 showed the smoking significantly increases the risk of nepholithiasis (OR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.06-4.01, P = 0.034). There was no significant difference in the number of cigarettes smoked (P = 0.830) and years of smoking (P = 0.536) between subjects with and without stones (P = 0.536). [8]
- 18. References • 1. Parkin DM, Boyd L, Walker LC. 16. The fraction of cancer attributable to lifestyle and environmental factors in the UK in 2010 (link is external). Br J Cancer 2011;105(S2):S77-S81. • 2. Ferraro PM, Bonello M, Frigo AC, D'Addessi A, Sturniolo A, Gambaro G. Cadmium exposure and kidney stone formation in the general population--an analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III data. J Endourol. 2011;25(5):875–80. doi: 10.1089/end.2010.0572. [PubMed] [Cross Ref] • 3. The Scientific World Journal Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 729430, 5 pages https://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2012/729430/ Levels of Heavy Metals in Popular Cigarette Brands and Exposure to These Metals via Smoking • 4. Durak I, Sahin A, Perk H. Smoking, hair cadmium and urinary tract stones. Eur Urol. 1990;17(3):267–8. [PubMed] • 5. Mortada WI, Sobh MA, El-Defrawy MM. The exposure to cadmium, lead and mercury from smoking and its impact on renal integrity. Med Sci Monit. 2004;10(3):CR112–6. [PubMed]
- 19. •6.Robert M, Roux JO, Bourelly F, Boularan AM, Guiter J, Monnier L. Circadian variations in the risk of urinary calcium oxalate stone formation. Br J Urol. 1994;74(3):294–7. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.1994.tb16613.x. [PubMed] [Cross Ref] 7. Khan SR. Renal tubular damage/dysfunction: key to the formation of kidney stones. Urol Res. 2006;34(2):86–91. doi: 10.1007/s00240-005-0016-2. [PubMed] [Cross Ref] 8. Khan SR. Hyperoxaluria-induced oxidative stress and antioxidants for renal protection. Urol Res. 2005;33(5):349–57. doi: 10.1007/s00240-005-0492-4. [PubMed] [Cross Ref] 9. Cigarette Smoking and Nephrolitiasis in Adult Individuals https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3614330/